scholarly journals Risk Factors for Pneumonia and Death in Adult Patients With Seasonal Influenza and Establishment of Prediction Scores: A Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Miyashita ◽  
Eiji Nakatani ◽  
Hironao Hozumi ◽  
Yoko Sato ◽  
Yoshiki Miyachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Primary Care Settings

Abstract Background Seasonal influenza remains a global health problem; however, there are limited data on the specific relative risks for pneumonia and death among outpatients considered to be at high risk for influenza complications. This population-based study aimed to develop prediction models for determining the risk of influenza-related pneumonia and death. Methods We included patients diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed influenza between 2016 and 2017 (main cohort, n = 25 659), those diagnosed between 2015 and 2016 (validation cohort 1, n = 16 727), and those diagnosed between 2017 and 2018 (validation cohort 2, n = 34 219). Prediction scores were developed based on the incidence and independent predictors of pneumonia and death identified using multivariate analyses, and patients were categorized into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups based on total scores. Results In the main cohort, age, gender, and certain comorbidities (dementia, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and others) were independent predictors of pneumonia and death. The 28-day pneumonia incidence was 0.5%, 4.1%, and 10.8% in the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, respectively (c-index, 0.75); the 28-day mortality was 0.05%, 0.7%, and 3.3% in the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, respectively (c-index, 0.85). In validation cohort 1, c-indices for the models for pneumonia and death were 0.75 and 0.87, respectively. In validation cohort 2, c-indices for the models were 0.74 and 0.87, respectively. Conclusions We successfully developed and validated simple-to-use risk prediction models, which would promptly provide useful information for treatment decisions in primary care settings.

scholarly journals ACE2 levels are altered in comorbidities linked to severe outcome in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valur Emilsson ◽  
Elias F Gudmundsson ◽  
Thor Aspelund ◽  
Brynjolfur G Jonsson ◽  
Alexander Gudjonsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Altered Serum

AbstractAimsSeverity of outcome in COVID-19 is disproportionately higher among the obese, males, smokers, those suffering from hypertension, kidney disease, coronary heart disease (CHD) and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). We examined if serum levels of ACE2, the cellular entry point for the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, were altered in these high-risk groups.MethodsAssociations of serum ACE2 levels to hypertension, T2D, obesity, CHD, smokers and males in a single center population-based study of 5457 Icelanders from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility Reykjavik Study (AGES-RS) of the elderly (mean age 75±6 years).ResultsSmokers, males, and individuals with T2D or obesity have altered serum levels of ACE2 that may influence productive infection of SARS-CoV-2 in these high-risk groups.ConclusionACE2 levels are upregulated in some patient groups with comorbidities linked to COVID-19 and as such may have an emerging role as outcome in COVID-19. a circulating biomarker for severity of severity of outcome in COVID-19.Key PointsQuestionSeverity of outcome in COVID-19 is disproportionately higher among the obese, males, smokers, those suffering from hypertension, kidney disease, coronary heart disease (CHD) and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thus, we asked if the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 was altered in the sera from these high-risk groups?FindingsIn a single center population-based study of 5457 Icelanders, the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility Reykjavik Study (AGES-RS), we find that ACE2 levels are significantly elevated in serum from smokers, obese and diabetic individuals, while reduced in males.MeaningThese results demonstrate that individuals with comorbidities associated with infection of SARS-CoV-2 in these individuals. severe outcome in COVID-19 have altered serum levels of ACE2 that may influence productive

scholarly journals Very similar cardiometabolic profile in the moderate and high cardiovascular risk classes: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Chlabicz ◽  
J Jamolkowski ◽  
W Laguna ◽  
P Sowa ◽  
M Paniczko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiometabolic Profile

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Medical University of Bialystok, Poland Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major, worldwide problem and remain the dominant cause of premature mortality in the word. Simultaneously the metabolic syndrome is a growing problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiometabolic profile among cardiovascular risk classes, and to estimate CV risk using various calculators. Methods The longitudinal, population-based study, was conducted in 2017-2020. A total of 931 individuals aged 20-79 were included. Anthropometric and biochemical profiles were measured according to a standardized protocols. The study population was divided into CV risk classes according to the latest recommendation. Comparisons variables between subgroups were conducted using Dwass-Steele-Critchlow-Fligner test. To estimate CV risk were used: the  Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation system, Framingham Risk Score and LIFEtime-perspective model for individualizing CardioVascular Disease prevention strategies in apparently healthy people (LIFE-CVD). Results The mean age was 49.1± 15.5 years, 43.2% were male. Percentages of low-risk, moderate-risk, high-risk and very-high CV risk were 46.1%, 22.8%, 13.5%, 17.6%, respectively. Most of the analyzed anthropometric, body composition and laboratory parameters did not differ between the moderate and high CV risk participants, whereas the low risk group differed significantly. In the moderate and high-risk groups, abdominal distribution of adipose tissue dominated with significantly elevated parameters of insulin resistance. Interestingly, estimating lifetime risk of myocardial infarction, stroke or CV death using LIFE-CVD calculator yielded similar results in moderate and high CV risk classes. Conclusion The participants belonging to moderate and high CV risk classes have a very similar unfavorable cardiometabolic profile which may result in the similar lifetime CV risk. This may imply the need for more aggressive pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of CV risk factors in the moderate CV risk population. It would be advisable to consider combining the moderate and high risk classes into one high CV risk class, or it may be worth adding one of the parameters of abdominal fat distribution to the CV risk calculators as an expression of increased insulin resistance. Abstract Figure 1.

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS High Risk Behaviors and Necessity of Prevention in the Population of Birjand, East of Iran 2013 to 2014: A Population-Based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Sharifzadeh ◽  
Asghar Zarban ◽  
Morteza Hajihosseini ◽  
Ghodsiyeh Azarkar ◽  
Kambiz Mahdizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
East Of Iran ◽  
Hiv Aids
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