scholarly journals Young adults’ vaping, readiness to quit, and recent quit attempts: The role of co-use with cigarettes and marijuana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla J Berg ◽  
Xuejing Duan ◽  
Katelyn Romm ◽  
Kim Pulvers ◽  
Daisy Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
User Profiles ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Readiness To Quit

Abstract Introduction E-cigarette cessation intervention research is limited. Young adult e-cigarette use and cessation is particularly nuanced, given various user profiles (i.e., polytobacco use, co-use with marijuana) warranting different intervention approaches. Methods The current study is an analysis of baseline survey data (collected September-December, 2018) among 1,133 young adult (ages 18-34) e-cigarette users in a 2-year longitudinal study. We examined: 1) e-cigarette user profiles (i.e., e-cigarette only; e-cigarette/other tobacco; e-cigarette/marijuana; e-cigarette/other tobacco/marijuana); and 2) correlates of readiness to quit e-cigarette use in the next 6 months and past-year e-cigarette quit attempts. Results In this sample (Mage=23.91, 47.3% male, 35.5% sexual minority, 75.2% White, 13.7% Hispanic), e-cigarette user profiles were: 16.8% e-cigarettes-only, 23.4% e-cigarette/other tobacco, 18.0% e-cigarette/marijuana, and 41.8% e-cigarette/other tobacco/marijuana. Multinomial logistic regression (referent: e-cigarette-only use) indicated that all polyuse groups were more likely to use high-nicotine e-liquids (containing ≥9 mg of nicotine). Other predictors included: e-cigarettes/other tobacco users being older and male; e-cigarettes/marijuana users using closed systems; and e-cigarettes/other tobacco/marijuana users being sexual minority (p’s<.01). Readiness to quit e-cigarettes and past-year quit attempts were reported by 20.8% and 32.3%, respectively. Per multilevel regression, readiness to quit and quit attempts correlated with using fewer days, high-nicotine e-liquids, and closed systems, but not marijuana, as well as being heterosexual and Black (vs. White); readiness to quit also correlated with being single; past-year quit attempts correlated with other tobacco use and being Hispanic. Conclusions Young adult e-cigarette users demonstrate distinct user profiles and cessation-related experiences that should be considered in developing cessation interventions. Implications The vast majority of young adult e-cigarette users use other tobacco products and marijuana. Unfortunately, few reported readiness to quit or attempting quit. Moreover, certain subgroups (e.g., sexual/racial/ethnic minorities) are more likely to be ready or attempt to quit, but may not be successful. Vaping cessation interventions must attend to these nuances.

scholarly journals Compliance in Controlled E-cigarette Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan E Rebuli ◽  
Feifei Liu ◽  
Robert Urman ◽  
Jessica L Barrington-Trimis ◽  
Sandrah P Eckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Serum Cotinine ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Protocol Compliance ◽  
And Biological Markers

Abstract Introduction E-cigarette studies have found that the use of a variety of flavors and customizable devices results in greater use frequency and user satisfaction. However, standardized research e-cigarettes are being developed as closed systems with limited flavor options, potentially limiting user satisfaction. In this study, we explore protocol compliance in an e-cigarette study using a standardized, assigned device with puff time and duration tracking (controlled e-cigarette) and potential limitations that controlled devices and e-liquids can introduce. Methods In a crossover study, 49 young adult e-cigarette users were recruited using convenience sampling and assigned a controlled e-cigarette device and flavored or unflavored e-liquids on standardized protocols. E-cigarette use frequency (number of puffs per day, collected from the device) and serum cotinine levels were obtained at each of three study visits over 3 weeks. The correlation of cotinine and e-cigarette use over the preceding week was calculated at each study visit. Results Correlation of nicotine intake, as measured by serum cotinine, and puff time, as measured by puffs count and duration from the e-cigarette device, as an indicator of study protocol compliance, substantially declined after the first week of the study and were no longer correlated in the remaining study weeks (R2 = 0.53 and p ≤ .01 in week 1, R2 < 0.5 and p > .05 for remaining weeks). Conclusions There is an emerging need for controlled e-cigarette exposures studies, but low compliance in the use of assigned devices and e-liquids may be a limitation that needs to be mitigated in future studies. Implications This study is the first to analyze compliance with instructions to use a standardized e-cigarette device with puff time and duration tracking (controlled e-cigarette) across all subjects and an assigned e-liquid flavor over a 3-week period. We find that protocol compliance, as measured by correlations between e-cigarette use measures and cotinine levels, was only achieved in the first week of the study and declined thereafter. These findings indicate that the assignment of a study device and instruction to only use the study device with assigned e-liquid flavor may not be sufficient to ensure participant compliance with the study protocol. We suggest that additional measures, including behavioral and biological markers, are needed to ensure sole use of the study e-cigarette and e-liquid and to be able to interpret results from controlled e-cigarette studies.

scholarly journals Young Adult E-cigarette Use and Retail Exposure in 6 US Metropolitan Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Carla J Berg ◽  
Xuejing Duan ◽  
Betelihem Getachew ◽  
Kim Pulvers ◽  
Natalie D. Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Age Verification ◽  
Vape Shops

Objectives: Given the need to understand e-cigarette retail and its impact, we examined so- ciodemographic, tobacco and marijuana use, and e-cigarette retail experiences as correlates of (1) past 30-day e-cigarette use, (2) past 30-day advertising/media exposure, and (3) point-of-sale age verification among young adults. Methods: We analyzed baseline survey data (September- December, 2018) among 3006 young adults (ages 18-34) in 6 metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Boston, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, San Diego, Seattle) in a 2-year longitudinal study. Results: In this sample (Mage = 24.6, 42.3% male, 71.6% white, 11.4% Hispanic), 37.7% (N = 1133) were past 30-day e-cigarette users; 68.6% (N = 2062; non-users: 66.0%, users: 72.9%) reported past 30-day e-cigarette-related advertising/media exposure. Among e-cigarette users, vape shops were the most common source of e-cigarettes (44.7%) followed by online (18.2%). Among users, 34.2% were "almost always" asked for age verification. In multilevel logistic regression, e-cigarette use and advertising/media exposure were correlated (and both correlated with being younger). E- cigarette use also correlated with other tobacco product and marijuana use (and being male and white). Infrequent age verification correlated with commonly purchasing e-cigarettes online (and being older and black). Conclusions: Increased efforts are needed to reduce young adult advertising/media exposure and increase retailer compliance among retailers, particularly online and vape shops.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of the relationship of proximal smoking environments and cessation history, plans, and self-efficacy among low-income smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
Rachel Widome ◽  
Patrick J Hammett ◽  
Anne M Joseph ◽  
Diana J Burgess ◽  
Janet L Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Readiness To Quit

AbstractIntroductionProximal environments could facilitate smoking cessation among low-income smokers by making cessation appealing to strive for and tenable.AimsWe sought to examine how home smoking rules and proximal environmental factors such as other household members' and peers' smoking behaviors and attitudes related to low-income smokers' past quit attempts, readiness, and self-efficacy to quit.MethodsThis analysis used data from Offering Proactive Treatment Intervention (OPT-IN) (randomized control trial of proactive tobacco cessation outreach) baseline survey, which was completed by 2,406 participants in 2011/12. We tested the associations between predictors (home smoking rules and proximal environmental factors) and outcomes (past-year quit attempts, readiness to quit, and quitting self-efficacy).ResultsSmokers who lived in homes with more restrictive household smoking rules, and/or reported having ‘important others’ who would be supportive of their quitting, were more likely to report having made a quit attempt in the past year, had greater readiness to quit, and greater self-efficacy related to quitting.ConclusionsAdjustments to proximal environments, including strengthening household smoking rules, might encourage cessation even if other household members are smokers.

Temporal Changes in the Correlates of U.S. Adolescent Electronic Cigarette Use and Utilization in Tobacco Cessation, 2011 to 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Lippert
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Demographic Subgroups

Objective. To examine temporal changes in the correlates of experimental and current e-cigarette use and associations with tobacco quit attempts. Method. Repeated cross-sectional analyses of data from the 2011 ( n = 17,741), 2012 ( n = 23,194), and 2013 ( n = 16,858) National Youth Tobacco Surveys—a nationally representative sample of U.S. middle and high school students. Respondents were asked about lifetime and past-month e-cigarette use, conventional cigarette use, and number of quit attempts made in the prior year among current smokers. Results. Multinomial logistic regression models indicate higher odds of experimental or current e-cigarette use versus abstinence in the 2012 and 2013 survey years (vs. 2011). Respondents in the 2013 survey were more likely to use e-cigarettes in 2012, and they were significantly more likely to be current versus experimental users. Temporal increases in past-month e-cigarette use were uneven across demographic subgroups. Among current smokers of conventional cigarettes, fully adjusted models show that across all survey years the probability of past-month e-cigarette use was not significantly different for those who attempted to quit using tobacco in the past year from those who did not. Conclusions. Adolescent e-cigarette use has become more common between 2011 and 2013 and shows signs of becoming increasingly characterized by current rather than experimental use. Temporal patterns suggest that recent population increases were initially driven by select subgroups (e.g., Whites), with other subgroups contributing to the increase more recently (e.g., Black). Tobacco cessation has remained unrelated to current e-cigarette use over time, suggesting that e-cigarette use may be contributing to increased nicotine use.

Daily stress, mood, and drinking among young adult sexual minority women

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly F. Balsam ◽  
Debra L. Kaysen ◽  
Jennifer L. Kirk ◽  
Michael A. Richards ◽  
Kim Hodge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Minority Women ◽  
Sexual Minority Women ◽  
Daily Stress

Understanding Associations Between Exposure to Violent Pornography and Teen Dating Violence Among Female Sexual Minority High School Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110283
Author(s):  
Cara Herbitter ◽  
Alyssa L. Norris ◽  
Kimberly M. Nelson ◽  
Lindsay M. Orchowski
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Teen Dating

Previous research indicates that teen dating violence (TDV) is more common among sexual minority than heterosexual adolescents, with approximately half of female sexual minority adolescents (SMA) endorsing TDV victimization in the last year. In samples of adolescents without regard to sexual orientation, exposure to violent pornography is associated with TDV, but this relationship has not been assessed in female SMA. The current study sample consisted of 10th-grade high school students aged 14–17 who identified as cisgender females ( N = 1,276). Data were collected from a baseline survey prior to the delivery of a sexual assault prevention intervention. Female SMA had 2.54 times the odds (95%CI [1.75, 3.69]) of being exposed to violent pornography and 2.53 times the odds (95%CI [1.72, 3.70)]) of TDV exposure compared to heterosexual girls. Exposure to violent pornography was not associated with involvement in TDV among female SMA, controlling for episodic heavy drinking ( aOR = 2.25, 95%CI [0.88,6.22]). Given the relatively higher rates of violent pornography and TDV exposure among female SMA compared to heterosexual girls, it is critical that sex education curricula address these experiences and meet the needs of adolescents of all sexual orientations. Future research can assess how these TDV interventions might be tailored for female SMA. Although we did not find that exposure to violent pornography was associated with TDV among female SMA, these investigations should be replicated with larger data sets, given that the association between exposure to violent pornography and engagement in TDV was in the expected direction.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Factors, Smoke-Free Restrictions, and Media Exposure in Relation to Smoking-Related Attitudes and Behaviors among Adults in Armenia and Georgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4013
Author(s):  
Christina N. Wysota ◽  
Marina Topuridze ◽  
Zhanna Sargsyan ◽  
Ana Dekanosidze ◽  
Lela Sturua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Readiness To Quit ◽  
Perceived Harm

Background: Perceived harm, social influences, smoke-free policies, and media exposure have been understudied in relation to tobacco-related attitudes/behaviors in aggregate or in low and middle-income countries; thus, this study examined these factors collectively in relation to smoking-related outcomes among Armenian and Georgian adults. Methods: Using 2018 cross-sectional survey data (n = 1456), multivariable regression analyses examined these factors in relation to smoking status, perceived harm among nonsmokers, and readiness to quit and past-year quit attempts among smokers. Results: Significant predictors (p < 0.05) of current smoking (27.3%) included lower perceived harm, more smoking friends, and fewer home and vehicle restrictions. Among nonsmokers, more home and restaurant/bar restrictions, fewer vehicle restrictions, greater anti-tobacco media exposure, and less pro-tobacco media exposure predicted greater perceived harm. Among smokers, greater perceived social acceptability of smoking, less anti-tobacco media exposure, and greater pro-tobacco media exposure predicted readiness to quit (12.7% of smokers). More smoking friends, more home restrictions, less anti-tobacco media exposure, and greater pro-tobacco media exposure predicted past-year quit attempts (19.2%). Conclusions: Findings support the importance of smoke-free policies but were counterintuitive regarding the roles of social and media influences, underscoring the need to better understand how to address these influences, particularly in countries with high smoking rates.

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