scholarly journals The Root Cap Determines Ethylene-Dependent Growth and Development in Maize Roots

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Hahn ◽  
Roman Zimmermann ◽  
Dierk Wanke ◽  
Klaus Harter ◽  
Hans G. Edelmann
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Dependent Growth

scholarly journals Influence of graphene on the multiple metabolic pathways of Zea mays roots based on transcriptome analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244856
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Chen ◽  
Jianguo Zhao ◽  
Jie Song ◽  
Shenghua Han ◽  
Yaqin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Maize Roots

Graphene reportedly exerts positive effects on plant root growth and development, although the corresponding molecular response mechanism remains to be elucidated. Maize seeds were randomly divided into a control and experimental group, and the roots of Zea mays L. seedlings were watered with different concentrations (0–100 mg/L) of graphene to explore the effects and molecular mechanism of graphene on the growth and development of Z. mays L. Upon evaluating root growth indices, 50 mg/L graphene remarkably increased total root length, root volume, and the number of root tips and forks of maize seedlings compared to those of the control group. We observed that the contents of nitrogen and potassium in rhizosphere soil increased following the 50 mg/L graphene treatment. Thereafter, we compared the transcriptome changes in Z. mays roots in response to the 50 mg/L graphene treatment. Transcriptional factor regulation, plant hormone signal transduction, nitrogen and potassium metabolism, as well as secondary metabolism in maize roots subjected to graphene treatment, exhibited significantly upregulated expression, all of which could be related to mechanisms underlying the response to graphene. Based on qPCR validations, we proposed several candidate genes that might have been affected with the graphene treatment of maize roots. The transcriptional profiles presented here provide a foundation for deciphering the mechanism underlying graphene and maize root interaction.

Specific patterns of cortical and endoplasmic microtubules associated with cell growth and tissue differentiation in roots of maize (Zea mays L.)

1992 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. BALUŠKA ◽  
J. S. PARKER ◽  
P. W. BARLOW
Keyword(s):  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Physiological Information ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Tubulin Antibodies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Tissues

Indirect immunofluorescence using α-tubulin antibodies applied to sections of maize roots prepared using low melting point wax was found to give excellent visualisation of both cortical and endoplasmic microtubule (MT) arrays. This allows, for the first time, these arrays to be investigated in cells of the different tissues at various stages of their growth and development. Many cells in the zone between the mcristem and the cell elongation region develop a highly ordered transversal bundling of cortical MTs, which we suggest is related to vacuolation of the cytoplasm and which may also be indispensable for the ensuing rapid cell elongation. On the other hand, there are subtle differences between the cells of the individual tissues regarding the arrangement of thencortical MTs in this zone. The possible physiological significance of these tissue-specific MT arrays is discussed. Endoplasmic MTs were seen to encircle and to connect the nucleus with the cortical MT arrays in both dividing and elongating cells. Even the G1 phase nuclei of the slowly dividing cells of the quiescent centre were encircled by endoplasmic MTs. The continuity of the two MT systems may provide the cell with an important signalling system whereby mechanical and physiological information is relayed from the exterior of the cell to the nucleus.

Do detached root-cap cells influence bacteria associated with maize roots?

1990 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 793-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. GOCHNAUER ◽  
L. J. SEALEY ◽  
M. E. McCULLY
Keyword(s):  
Root Cap ◽  
Maize Roots

Mucilage production by wounded xylem tissue of maize roots — time course and stimulus

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Crews ◽  
Margaret E. McCully ◽  
Martin J. Canny
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharides ◽  
Xylem Tissue ◽  
Xylem Conduits ◽  
Xylem Function

As a reaction to invasion by pathogens, plants block their xylem conduits with mucilage, restricting pathogen advance. Wounding soil-grown roots of maize revealed that pectinaceous mucilage could be found in the vessels after 6 h, and abundantly filled most vessels up to 3 cm proximal to the wound after 1 d. Phenolics increased in the mucilage at later times. The same reactions occurred in vessels following mechanical wounding of axenically-grown roots, showing that the presence of microbes is not necessary for the response. The xylem mucilage is similar to root-cap mucilage in mode of extrusion from the periplasmic space of living cells through primary wall, apparent phase transition, and staining indicative of acidic polysaccharides. Whether other known properties of root-cap mucilage which might alter vessel functioning, such as reduction of surface tension and increased viscosity produced by dissolved solutes, are also common to xylem mucilage requires further investigation. However, our results indicate that possible influence of wounding-induced mucilage in xylem vessels should be considered in all experimental investigations of xylem function.

scholarly journals Autophagy development as an adaptive response to microgravity conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
R. Yu. Shadrina ◽  
A. I. Yemets ◽  
Ya. B. Blume
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Microgravity Conditions

Aim. The main aim of the study was to analyze the effect of microgravity on the growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings at different time intervals of cultivation (4–10 days) and to investigate the development of autophagy induced by the conditions of microgravity in seedlings root cells. Methods. Microscopic methods as well as in vitro propagation method were used. To simulate of microgravity conditions plants were placed in clinostat machine. Results. In the course of experiments, the peaks of the formation of autophagosome were recorded: in the cells of the root cap zone of at 9th day and in the cells of the root zone extension on the 10th day of clinical establishment. Conclusions. It can be concluded that microgravity is capable to induce the development of autophagy in the roots of A. thaliana seedlings. Cells with signs of autophagy were revealed on the 9th and 10th day of cultivation of seedlings under microgravity conditions. Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana, autophagy, microgravity.

scholarly journals Gibberellin Regulates PIN-FORMED Abundance and Is Required for Auxin Transport–Dependent Growth and Development in Arabidopsis thaliana

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 2184-2195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn C. Willige ◽  
Erika Isono ◽  
René Richter ◽  
Melina Zourelidou ◽  
Claus Schwechheimer
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Dependent Growth

Two expansins, EXP1 and EXPB2, are correlated with the growth and development of maize roots

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min -Jeong Kam ◽  
Hye Sup Yun ◽  
Peter B. Kaufman ◽  
Soo Chul Chang ◽  
Seon g-Ki Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Maize Roots

scholarly journals PILS6 is a temperature-sensitive regulator of nuclear auxin input and organ growth in Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 3893-3898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Feraru ◽  
Mugurel I. Feraru ◽  
Elke Barbez ◽  
Sascha Waidmann ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Auxin Carrier ◽  
Dependent Growth

Temperature modulates growth and development throughout the entire lifecycle of a plant. High temperature (HT) triggers the auxin biosynthesis-dependent growth in aerial tissues. On the other hand, the contribution of auxin to HT-induced root growth is currently under debate. Here we show that the putative intracellular auxin carrier PIN-LIKES 6 (PILS6) is a negative regulator of organ growth and that its abundance is highly sensitive to HT. PILS6 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and limits the nuclear availability of auxin, consequently reducing the auxin signaling output. HT represses the PILS6 protein abundance, which impacts on PILS6-dependent auxin signaling in roots and root expansion. Accordingly, we hypothesize that PILS6 is part of an alternative mechanism linking HT to auxin responses in roots.

scholarly journals The relationship of root-cap slimes to proteins

1974 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Wright ◽  
D. H. Northcote
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Neutral Sugars ◽  
Relationship Of

1. The patterns of incorporation of radioactivity from d-[U-14C]glucose into the pectic components of sections of sycamore roots changed so that sections nearer the tip incorporated relatively more label into arabinose and galactose compared with uronic acid. 2. Radioactive maize root-cap slime was prepared and found to contain three water-soluble component polymers which were electrophoretically (i) neutral, (ii) weakly acidic and (iii) strongly acidic at pH6.5. The neutral component was a glucan. The other components, which could be degraded by trans-elimination, consisted of an acidic backbone chain composed of galacturonic acid and glucose, attached to which were different proportions of neutral sugars. Arabinose, galactose and fucose, the main neutral sugars of the weakly and strongly acidic materials, were absent from the neutral fraction. 3. Fucose was a major sugar in maize-root slime and in a slime of similar composition synthesized by a maize callus of shoot origin. Only trace amounts were found in sycamore, pea and wheat root tips, and in pectin prepared from maize roots and coleoptiles. A high proportion of fucose is therefore a chemical characteristic of maize slime, and slime synthesis indicated a state of differentiation of the tissue. 4. The similarity between the slime and pectin is discussed; slime is a form of pectin modified in such a way as to provide a hydrated protective coating around the root tip.

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