Two expansins, EXP1 and EXPB2, are correlated with the growth and development of maize roots

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min -Jeong Kam ◽  
Hye Sup Yun ◽  
Peter B. Kaufman ◽  
Soo Chul Chang ◽  
Seon g-Ki Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Maize Roots

scholarly journals Influence of graphene on the multiple metabolic pathways of Zea mays roots based on transcriptome analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244856
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Chen ◽  
Jianguo Zhao ◽  
Jie Song ◽  
Shenghua Han ◽  
Yaqin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Maize Roots

Graphene reportedly exerts positive effects on plant root growth and development, although the corresponding molecular response mechanism remains to be elucidated. Maize seeds were randomly divided into a control and experimental group, and the roots of Zea mays L. seedlings were watered with different concentrations (0–100 mg/L) of graphene to explore the effects and molecular mechanism of graphene on the growth and development of Z. mays L. Upon evaluating root growth indices, 50 mg/L graphene remarkably increased total root length, root volume, and the number of root tips and forks of maize seedlings compared to those of the control group. We observed that the contents of nitrogen and potassium in rhizosphere soil increased following the 50 mg/L graphene treatment. Thereafter, we compared the transcriptome changes in Z. mays roots in response to the 50 mg/L graphene treatment. Transcriptional factor regulation, plant hormone signal transduction, nitrogen and potassium metabolism, as well as secondary metabolism in maize roots subjected to graphene treatment, exhibited significantly upregulated expression, all of which could be related to mechanisms underlying the response to graphene. Based on qPCR validations, we proposed several candidate genes that might have been affected with the graphene treatment of maize roots. The transcriptional profiles presented here provide a foundation for deciphering the mechanism underlying graphene and maize root interaction.

Specific patterns of cortical and endoplasmic microtubules associated with cell growth and tissue differentiation in roots of maize (Zea mays L.)

1992 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. BALUŠKA ◽  
J. S. PARKER ◽  
P. W. BARLOW
Keyword(s):  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Physiological Information ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Tubulin Antibodies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Tissues

Indirect immunofluorescence using α-tubulin antibodies applied to sections of maize roots prepared using low melting point wax was found to give excellent visualisation of both cortical and endoplasmic microtubule (MT) arrays. This allows, for the first time, these arrays to be investigated in cells of the different tissues at various stages of their growth and development. Many cells in the zone between the mcristem and the cell elongation region develop a highly ordered transversal bundling of cortical MTs, which we suggest is related to vacuolation of the cytoplasm and which may also be indispensable for the ensuing rapid cell elongation. On the other hand, there are subtle differences between the cells of the individual tissues regarding the arrangement of thencortical MTs in this zone. The possible physiological significance of these tissue-specific MT arrays is discussed. Endoplasmic MTs were seen to encircle and to connect the nucleus with the cortical MT arrays in both dividing and elongating cells. Even the G1 phase nuclei of the slowly dividing cells of the quiescent centre were encircled by endoplasmic MTs. The continuity of the two MT systems may provide the cell with an important signalling system whereby mechanical and physiological information is relayed from the exterior of the cell to the nucleus.

scholarly journals The Root Cap Determines Ethylene-Dependent Growth and Development in Maize Roots

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Hahn ◽  
Roman Zimmermann ◽  
Dierk Wanke ◽  
Klaus Harter ◽  
Hans G. Edelmann
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Dependent Growth

An ultrastructural study of vegetative incompatibility in plants

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
Randy Moore
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Basic Aspect ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Graft Interface ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Standard Fixation

Cell and tissue interactions are a basic aspect of eukaryotic growth and development. While cell-to-cell interactions involving recognition and incompatibility have been studied extensively in animals, there is no known antigen-antibody reaction in plants and the recognition mechanisms operating in plant grafts have been virtually neglected.An ultrastructural study of the Sedum telephoides/Solanum pennellii graft was undertaken to define possible mechanisms of plant graft incompatibility. Grafts were surgically dissected from greenhouse grown plants at various times over 1-4 weeks and prepared for EM employing variations in the standard fixation and embedding procedure. Stock and scion adhere within 6 days after grafting. Following progressive cell senescence in both Sedum and Solanum, the graft interface appears as a band of 8-11 crushed cells after 2 weeks (Fig. 1, I). Trapped between the buckled cell walls are densely staining cytoplasmic remnants and residual starch grains, an initial product of wound reactions in plants.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

SEM study of the morphological effects of kinetin and zeatin on the growth and development of the apical meristem in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
G. M. Hutchins ◽  
J. S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Moist Environment

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play a large and incompletely understood role in the life-cycle of plants. The goal of this study was to determine what roles cytokinins play in the morphological development of wheat. To achieve any real success in altering the development and growth of wheat, the cytokinins must be applied directly to the apical meristem, or spike of the plant. It is in this region that the plant cells are actively undergoing mitosis. Kinetin and Zeatin were the two cytokinins chosen for this experiment. Kinetin is an artificial hormone that was originally extracted from old or heated DNA. Kinetin is easily made from the reaction of adenine and furfuryl alcohol. Zeatin is a naturally occurring hormone found in corn, wheat, and many other plants.Chinese Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was used for this experiment. Prior to planting, the seeds were germinated in a moist environment for 72 hours.

Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

The Fundamentals of the Clinical Fellowship Experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Melanie Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
New Graduate ◽  
Independent Practitioner

The Clinical Fellowship Experience is described by the American Speech-Hearing-Language Association (ASHA) as the transition period from constant supervision to independent practitioner. It is typically the first paid professional experience for the new graduate, and may be in a setting with which the new clinician has little or even no significant practical experience. The mentor of a clinical fellow (CF) plays an important role in supporting the growth and development of this new professional in areas that extend beyond application of clinical skills and knowledge. This article discusses how the mentor may provide this support within a framework that facilitates the path to clinical independence.

Effects of pH on proton transport by vacuolar pumps from maize roots

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brauer ◽  
DeNea Conner ◽  
Shu-I Tu
Keyword(s):  
Proton Transport ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Effects Of Ph
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