scholarly journals Selective Constraints on Coding Sequences of Nervous System Genes Are a Major Determinant of Duplicate Gene Retention in Vertebrates

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2773-2791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Roux ◽  
Jialin Liu ◽  
Marc Robinson-Rechavi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Duplicate Gene ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Selective Constraints ◽  
Gene Retention

Knockdown of duplicated zebrafishhoxb1genes reveals distinct roles in hindbrain patterning and a novel mechanism of duplicate gene retention

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (10) ◽  
pp. 2339-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. McClintock ◽  
Mazen A. Kheirbek ◽  
Victoria E. Prince
Keyword(s):  
Protein Function ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Duplicate Gene ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Duplicate Genes ◽  
Duplicated Genes ◽  
Gene Retention ◽  
Redundant Functions ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Rhombomere 4

We have used a morpholino-based knockdown approach to investigate the functions of a pair of zebrafish Hox gene duplicates, hoxb1a and hoxb1b, which are expressed during development of the hindbrain. We find that the zebrafish hoxb1 duplicates have equivalent functions to mouse Hoxb1 and its paralogue Hoxa1. Thus, we have revealed a ‘function shuffling’ among genes of paralogue group 1 during the evolution of vertebrates. Like mouse Hoxb1, zebrafish hoxb1a is required for migration of the VIIth cranial nerve branchiomotor neurons from their point of origin in hindbrain rhombomere 4 towards the posterior. By contrast, zebrafish hoxb1b, like mouse Hoxa1, is required for proper segmental organization of rhombomere 4 and the posterior hindbrain. Double knockdown experiments demonstrate that the zebrafish hoxb1 duplicates have partially redundant functions. However, using an RNA rescue approach, we reveal that these duplicated genes do not have interchangeable biochemical functions: only hoxb1a can properly pattern the VIIth cranial nerve. Despite this difference in protein function, we provide evidence that the hoxb1 duplicate genes were initially maintained in the genome because of complementary degenerative mutations in defined cis-regulatory elements.

scholarly journals Evaluating dosage compensation as a cause of duplicate gene retention in Paramecium tetraurelia

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Hughes ◽  
Diana Ekman ◽  
Himanshu Ardawatia ◽  
Arne Elofsson ◽  
David A Liberles
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Compensation ◽  
Duplicate Gene ◽  
Paramecium Tetraurelia ◽  
Gene Retention

Transcriptional regulation of atonal during development of the Drosophila peripheral nervous system

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (18) ◽  
pp. 3731-3740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sun ◽  
L.Y. Jan ◽  
Y.N. Jan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Chordotonal Organ ◽  
Proneural Gene ◽  
Morphogenetic Furrow ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Eye Disc ◽  
Photoreceptor Development ◽  
Eye Morphogenesis

atonal is a proneural gene for the development of Drosophila chordotonal organs and photoreceptor cells. We show here that atonal expression is controlled by modular enhancer elements located 5′ or 3′ to the atonal-coding sequences. During chordotonal organ development, the 3′ enhancer directs expression in proneural clusters; whereas successive modular enhancers located in the 5′ region drive tissue-specific expression in chordotonal organ precursors in the embryo and larval leg, wing and antennal imaginal discs. Similarly, in the eye disc, the 3′ enhancer directs initial expression in a stripe anterior to the morphogenetic furrow. These atonal-expressing cells are then patterned through a Notch-dependent process into initial clusters, representing the earliest patterning event yet identified during eye morphogenesis. A distinct 5′ enhancer drives expression in intermediate groups and R8 cells within and posterior to the morphogenetic furrow. Both enhancers are required for normal atonal function in the eye. The 5′ enhancer, but not the 3′ enhancer, depends on endogenous atonal function, suggesting a switch from regulation directed by other upstream genes to atonal autoregulation during the process of lateral inhibition. The regulatory regions identified in this study can thus account for atonal expression in every tissue and essentially in every stage of its expression during chordotonal organ and photoreceptor development.

scholarly journals Selective constraints on coding sequences of nervous system genes are a major determinant of duplicate gene retention in vertebrates

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Roux ◽  
Jialin Liu ◽  
Marc Robinson-Rechavi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Whole Genome Duplication ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Duplicate Genes ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Whole Genome Duplications ◽  
Genome Duplications

AbstractThe evolutionary history of vertebrates is marked by three ancient whole-genome duplications: two successive rounds in the ancestor of vertebrates, and a third one specific to teleost fishes. Biased loss of most duplicates enriched the genome for specific genes, such as slow evolving genes, but this selective retention process is not well understood. To understand what drives the long-term preservation of duplicate genes, we characterized duplicated genes in terms of their expression patterns. We used a new method of expression enrichment analysis, TopAnat, applied to in situ hybridization data from thousands of genes from zebrafish and mouse. We showed that the presence of expression in the nervous system is a good predictor of a higher rate of retention of duplicate genes after whole-genome duplication. Further analyses suggest that purifying selection against the toxic effects of misfolded or misinteracting proteins, which is particularly strong in non-renewing neural tissues, likely constrains the evolution of coding sequences of nervous system genes, leading indirectly to the preservation of duplicate genes after whole-genome duplication. Whole-genome duplications thus greatly contributed to the expansion of the toolkit of genes available for the evolution of profound novelties of the nervous system at the base of the vertebrate radiation.

scholarly journals Multiple Paleopolyploidizations during the Evolution of the Compositae Reveal Parallel Patterns of Duplicate Gene Retention after Millions of Years

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2445-2455 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Barker ◽  
N. C. Kane ◽  
M. Matvienko ◽  
A. Kozik ◽  
R. W. Michelmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duplicate Gene ◽  
Parallel Patterns ◽  
Gene Retention

Neurotropic enteroviruses co-opt “fair-weather-friend” commensal gut microbiota to drive host infection and central nervous system disturbances

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

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