scholarly journals The AGN fuelling/feedback cycle in nearby radio galaxies - IV. Molecular gas conditions and jet-ISM interaction in NGC 3100

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Ruffa ◽  
Isabella Prandoni ◽  
Timothy A Davis ◽  
Robert A Laing ◽  
Rosita Paladino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Galaxies ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Spatially Correlated ◽  
Gas Kinematics ◽  
Feedback Cycle ◽  
Gas Compression ◽  
Radio Lobe ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Gas Interactions ◽  
Cold Gas

Abstract This is the fourth paper of a series investigating the AGN fuelling/feedback processes in a sample of eleven nearby low-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs). In this paper we present follow-up Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of one source, NGC 3100, targeting the 12CO(1-0), 12CO(3-2), HCO+(4-3), SiO(3-2) and HNCO(6-5) molecular transitions. 12CO(1-0) and 12CO(3-2) lines are nicely detected and complement our previous 12CO(2-1) data. By comparing the relative strength of these three CO transitions, we find extreme gas excitation conditions (i.e. Tex ≳ 50 K) in regions that are spatially correlated with the radio lobes, supporting the case for a jet-ISM interaction. An accurate study of the CO kinematics demonstrates that, although the bulk of the gas is regularly rotating, two distinct non-rotational kinematic components can be identified in the inner gas regions: one can be associated to inflow/outflow streaming motions induced by a two-armed spiral perturbation; the second one is consistent with a jet-induced outflow with vmax ≈ 200 km s−1 and $\dot{M}\lesssim 0.12$ M⊙ yr−1. These values indicate that the jet-CO coupling ongoing in NGC 3100 is only mildly affecting the gas kinematics, as opposed to what expected from existing simulations and other observational studies of (sub-)kpc scale jet-cold gas interactions. HCO+(4-3) emission is tentatively detected in a small area adjacent to the base of the northern radio lobe, possibly tracing a region of jet-induced gas compression. The SiO(3-2) and HNCO(6-5) shock tracers are undetected: this - along with the tentative HCO+(4-3) detection - may be consistent with a deficiency of very dense (i.e. ncrit > 106 cm−3) cold gas in the central regions of NGC 3100.

scholarly journals The AGN fuelling/feedback cycle in nearby radio galaxies – II. Kinematics of the molecular gas

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (3) ◽  
pp. 3739-3757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Ruffa ◽  
Timothy A Davis ◽  
Isabella Prandoni ◽  
Robert A Laing ◽  
Rosita Paladino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Position Angle ◽  
Radio Galaxies ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Gas Kinematics ◽  
Radio Jets ◽  
Feedback Cycle ◽  
Rotation Pattern ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Cold Gas

ABSTRACT This is the second paper of a series exploring the multicomponent (stars, warm and cold gas, and radio jets) properties of a sample of 11 nearby low-excitation radio galaxies, with the aim of better understanding the active galactic nuclei (AGN) fuelling/feedback cycle in these objects. Here, we present a study of the molecular gas kinematics of six sample galaxies detected in 12CO(2-1) with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). In all cases, our modelling suggests that the bulk of the gas in the observed (sub-)kpc CO discs is in ordered rotation. Nevertheless, low-level distortions are ubiquitous, indicating that the molecular gas is not fully relaxed into the host galaxy potential. The majority of the discs, however, are only marginally resolved, preventing us from drawing strong conclusions. NGC 3557 and NGC 3100 are special cases. The features observed in the CO velocity curve of NGC 3557 allow us to estimate a supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass of (7.10 ± 0.02) × 108 M⊙, in agreement with expectations from the MSMBH–σ* relation. The rotation pattern of NGC 3100 shows distortions that appear to be consistent with the presence of both a position angle and an inclination warp. Non-negligible radial motions are also found in the plane of the CO disc, likely consistent with streaming motions associated with the spiral pattern found in the inner regions of the disc. The dominant radial motions are likely to be inflows, supporting a scenario in which the cold gas is contributing to the fuelling of the AGN.

scholarly journals Shock Excitation of Emission Lines in Radio Galaxies

1996 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 473-474
Author(s):  
A. M. Koekemoer ◽  
G. V. Bicknell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Radio Galaxies ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Ionization Mechanism ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Radio Lobe ◽  
Axis Alignment ◽  
Gas Interactions ◽  
Extended Emission

We present evidence for the viability of “auto-ionizing” shocks as the dominant ionization mechanism in extended emission-line regions (EELRs) in two radio galaxies, PKS 0349–27 and PKS 2356–61. The application of this model, rather than the nuclear photoionization hypothesis of unified schemes (Barthel 1989), is motivated by observed EELR properties: large line-of-sight velocity widths (up to δv ≃ 500 km s–1 for nearby objects and ≳ 1000kms–1 at higher z); kinematics/excitation relationships (Baum et al. 1992); the EELR/radio axis alignment (Chambers et al. 1987, McCarthy et al. 1987); and the correspondence between the brighter EELR and the shorter radio lobe (McCarthy et al. 1991), suggestive of jet/gas interactions. We show that the flux, excitation and kinematics across the gas is self-consistently accounted for in terms of shocks as a single physical mechanism, requiring fewer unknown parameters than nuclear photoionization.

scholarly journals Quenching by gas compression and consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. A81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison W. S. Man ◽  
Matthew D. Lehnert ◽  
Joël D. R. Vernet ◽  
Carlos De Breuck ◽  
Theresa Falkendal
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Star Formation History ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Massive Galaxies ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Gas Compression ◽  
Formation History

The objective of this work is to study how active galactic nuclei (AGN) influence star formation in host galaxies. We present a detailed investigation of the star-formation history and conditions of a z = 2.57 massive radio galaxy based on VLT/X-shooter and ALMA observations. The deep rest-frame ultraviolet spectrum contains photospheric absorption lines and wind features indicating the presence of OB-type stars. The most significantly detected photospheric features are used to characterize the recent star formation: neither instantaneous nor continuous star-formation history is consistent with the relative strength of the Si IIλ1485 and S Vλ1502 absorption. Rather, at least two bursts of star formation took place in the recent past, at 6+1-2 Myr and ≳20 Myr ago, respectively. We deduce a molecular H2 gas mass of (3.9 ± 1.0) × 1010 M⊙ based on ALMA observations of the [C I] 3P2−3P1 emission. The molecular gas mass is only 13% of its stellar mass. Combined with its high star-formation rate of (1020-170+190 M⊙ yr-1, this implies a high star-formation efficiency of (26 ± 8) Gyr−1 and a short depletion time of (38 ± 12) Myr. We attribute the efficient star formation to compressive gas motions in order to explain the modest velocity dispersions (⩽55 km s−1) of the photospheric lines and of the star-forming gas traced by [C I]. Because of the likely very young age of the radio source, our findings suggest that vigorous star formation consumes much of the gas and works in concert with the AGN to remove any residual molecular gas, and eventually quenching star formation in massive galaxies.

scholarly journals The SINFONI survey of powerful radio galaxies at z ~ 2: Jet-driven AGN feedback during the Quasar Era

2017 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. A123 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. H. Nesvadba ◽  
C. De Breuck ◽  
M. D. Lehnert ◽  
P. N. Best ◽  
C. Collet
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Radio Galaxies ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Powerful Radio ◽  
Massive Galaxies ◽  
Gas Kinematics

We present VLT/SINFONI imaging spectroscopy of the rest-frame optical emission lines of warm ionized gas in 33 powerful radio galaxies at redshifts z ≳ 2, which are excellent sites to study the interplay of rapidly accreting active galactic nuclei and the interstellar medium of the host galaxy in the very late formation stages of massive galaxies. Our targets span two orders of magnitude in radio size (2−400 kpc) and kinetic jet energy (a few 1046– almost 1048 erg s-1). All sources have complex gas kinematics with broad line widths up to ~1300 km s-1. About half have bipolar velocity fields with offsets up to 1500 km s-1 and are consistent with global back-to-back outflows. The others have complex velocity distributions, often with multiple abrupt velocity jumps far from the nucleus of the galaxy, and are not associated with a major merger in any obvious way. We present several empirical constraints that show why gas kinematics and radio jets seem to be physically related in all galaxies of the sample. The kinetic energy in the gas from large scale bulk and local outflow or turbulent motion corresponds to a few 10-3 to 10-2 of the kinetic energy output of the radio jet. In galaxies with radio jet power ≳ 1047 erg s-1, the kinetic energy in global back-to-back outflows dominates the total energy budget of the gas, suggesting that bulk motion of outflowing gas encompasses the global interstellar medium. This might be facilitated by the strong gas turbulence, as suggested by recent analytical work. We compare our findings with recent hydrodynamic simulations, and discuss the potential consequences for the subsequent evolution of massive galaxies at high redshift. Compared with recent models of metal enrichment in high-z AGN hosts, we find that the gas-phase metallicities in our galaxies are lower than in most low-z AGN, but nonetheless solar or even super-solar, suggesting that the ISM we see in these galaxies is very similar to the gas from which massive low-redshift galaxies formed most of their stars. This further highlights that we are seeing these galaxies near the end of their active formation phase.

scholarly journals The morphological classification of distant radio galaxies explored with three-dimensional simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 490 (1) ◽  
pp. 1363-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Smith ◽  
Justin Donohoe
Keyword(s):  
Radio Galaxy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radio Galaxies ◽  
Morphological Classification ◽  
Helical Structures ◽  
Radio Jets ◽  
Source Type ◽  
Radio Lobe ◽  
Three Dimensional Simulations

ABSTRACT We explore the observational implications of a large systematic study of high-resolution three-dimensional simulations of radio galaxies driven by supersonic jets. For this fiducial study, we employ non-relativistic hydrodynamic adiabatic flows from nozzles into a constant pressure-matched environment. Synchrotron emissivity is approximated via the thermal pressure of injected material. We find that the morphological classification of a simulated radio galaxy depends significantly on several factors with increasing distance (i.e. decreasing observed resolution) and decreasing orientation often causing reclassification from FR II (limb-brightened) to FR I (limb-darkened) type. We introduce the Lobe or Limb Brightening Index (LBI) to measure the radio lobe type more precisely. The jet density also has an influence as expected with lower density leading to broader and bridged lobe morphologies as well as brighter radio jets. Hence, relating observed source type to the intrinsic jet dynamics is not straightforward. Precession of the jet direction may also be responsible for wide relaxed sources with lower LBI and FR class as well as for X-shaped and double–double structures. Helical structures are not generated because the precession is usually too slow. We conclude that distant radio galaxies could appear systematically more limb darkened due to merger-related redirection and precession as well as due to the resolution limitation.

scholarly journals Radio Jets Clearing the Way Through a Galaxy: Watching Feedback in Action

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 341 (6150) ◽  
pp. 1082-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Morganti ◽  
Judit Fogasy ◽  
Zsolt Paragi ◽  
Tom Oosterloo ◽  
Monica Orienti
Keyword(s):  
Very Long Baseline Interferometry ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Massive Black Hole ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Radio Jets ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Radio Lobe ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Relevant Role

The energy released by an active galactic nucleus (AGN) has a strong impact on the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). This feedback is considered to be the regulating factor for the growth of the central massive black hole and for the rate of star formation in a galaxy. We have located, using very-long-baseline interferometry, the fast outflow of neutral hydrogen in the young, restarted radio-loud AGN 4C12.50. The outflow is located 100 parsec from the nucleus where the radio jet interacts with the ISM, as well as around the associated radio lobe. These observations show that the radio plasma drives the outflow and removes gas from the central regions and that jet-driven outflows can play a relevant role in feedback mechanisms.

Mapping the dark matter of NGC 2974: Combination of stellar & cold gas kinematics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (S353) ◽  
pp. 253-254
Author(s):  
M. Yang ◽  
L. Zhu ◽  
A. Weijmans ◽  
G. van de Ven ◽  
N. F. Boardman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
New Method ◽  
Stellar Kinematics ◽  
Gas Kinematics ◽  
Superposition Technique ◽  
Cold Gas

AbstractWe present a new method to combine cold gas kinematics with the stellar kinematics modelled with the Schwarzschild orbit-superposition technique, and its application to the lenticular galaxy NGC 2974. The combination of stellar and cold gas kinematics significantly improves the constraints on the measured dark matter profile: assuming a generalised NFW halo profile, we find a cuspy inner halo slope for NGC 2974.

scholarly journals Observations of Three Radio Galaxies with The Einstein X-Ray Observatory

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 695-697
Author(s):  
E. D. Feigelson ◽  
E. J. Schreier
Keyword(s):  
Radio Galaxies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cygnus A ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Radio Lobe ◽  
Extended Radio ◽  
Double Radio Source ◽  
Parent Galaxy ◽  
Detailed Presentation ◽  
Centaurus A

We would like to present early results from the EINSTEIN X-ray Observatory on three radio galaxies: Centaurus A, NGC 315 = DW0055+30, and Cygnus A = 3C405. We hope to demonstrate that imaging X-ray astronomy can provide important insights into the physics and environment of radio galaxies and their extended radio components.NGC 5128, the parent galaxy of the double-double radio source Centaurus A, is the nearest radio galaxy, providing the best testing ground for high resolution X-ray studies. The X-ray morphology has proved to be rich and varied. We detect four distinct components to the X-ray emission: (1) the strong, compact nucleus detected by earlier satellites; (2) extended emission around the nucleus; (3) emission from the inner radio lobes; and (4) a unique X-ray jet between the nucleus and the NE radio lobe. A detailed presentation of these observations can be found in Schreier et al. (1979).

scholarly journals The AGN fuelling/feedback cycle in nearby radio galaxies – III. 3D relative orientations of radio jets and CO discs and their interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 499 (4) ◽  
pp. 5719-5731
Author(s):  
Ilaria Ruffa ◽  
Robert A Laing ◽  
Isabella Prandoni ◽  
Rosita Paladino ◽  
Paola Parma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Galaxies ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Very Large Array ◽  
Radio Jets ◽  
Rotation Axes ◽  
Feedback Cycle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disc Rotation ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT This is the third paper of a series exploring the multifrequency properties of a sample of eleven nearby low-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs) in the southern sky. We are conducting an extensive study of different galaxy components (stars, dust, warm and cold gas, radio jets) with the aim of better understanding the AGN fuelling/feedback cycle in LERGs. Here, we present new, deep, sub-kpc resolution Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) data for five sample sources at 10 GHz. Coupling these data with previously acquired Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) CO(2–1) observations and measurements of comparable quality from the literature, we carry out for the first time a full 3D analysis of the relative orientations of jet and disc rotation axes in six FR I LERGs. This analysis shows (albeit with significant uncertainties) that the relative orientation angles span a wide range (≈30○–60○). There is no case where both axes are accurately aligned and there is a marginally significant tendency for jets to avoid the disc plane. Our study also provides further evidence for the presence of a jet-CO disc interaction (already inferred from other observational indicators) in at least one source, NGC 3100. In this case, the limited extent of the radio jets, along with distortions in both the molecular gas and the jet components, suggest that the jets are young, interacting with the surrounding matter and rapidly decelerating.

scholarly journals Gas kinematics in powerful radio galaxies atz~ 2: Energy supply from star formation, AGN, and radio jets

2017 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. A121 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. H. Nesvadba ◽  
G. Drouart ◽  
C. De Breuck ◽  
P. Best ◽  
N. Seymour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Radio Galaxies ◽  
Powerful Radio ◽  
Gas Kinematics ◽  
Radio Jets
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