A Descriptive Catalogue of Eight Medieval Manuscripts from Wadham College, Oxford

The Library ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-476
Author(s):  
Zachary E Stone
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Confessio Amantis ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts

Abstract Ranging from an eleventh-century Gospel Book to a fifteenth-century copy of John Gower's Confessio Amantis, the medieval manuscripts of Wadham College merit more extensive consideration than they have hitherto received. This article seeks to enable and encourage the continued investigation of Wadham College's manuscript collection by providing preliminary descriptions for eight manuscripts lacking modern descriptions (MSS 1, 2, 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, and 10.19).

The so-called Statutes of John Pecham and Robert Winchelsey for the Province of Canterbury

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Cheney
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts

Among the legislators of the medieval English Church John Pecham, archbishop of Canterbury, 1279–92, is remembered chiefly on account of canons published in two councils early in his pontificate, at Reading in July-August 1279 and at Lambeth in October 1281. His successor, Robert Winchelsey (1294–1313), less celebrated for his laws, none-the-less is assigned by Lyndwood, the fifteenth-century canonist, nine chapters of the Provinciale. The ‘Winchelsey’ documents and some others described in medieval manuscripts as ‘Statuta’ or ‘Constitutiones’ or ‘Decreta’ of one or other of the two archbishops cannot be immediately or surely connected with any known provincial council. They include texts on questions of almost daily occurrence to medieval archdeacons and parochial clergy: about the calculation of tithe, the duties of stipendiary priests, the obligations of the laity for church repairs. Lyndwood glossed many of them. Modern students of history and canon law commonly cite them. It is, therefore, of some importance to establish the degree of credit which may be allowed to the ascriptions. This study will consider the evidence of the manuscripts and will aim at sorting the genuine statutes from the spurious and the dubious. Some of each kind will be found. The enquiry may not only help to determine the nature of these particular documents, but also may reflect light on other doubtful legislation and illustrate the ways in which laws were framed and customs established in the English Church in the later Middle Ages.

Illustrations of Human Effigies in Tibetan Ritual Texts: With Remarks on Specific Anatomical Figures and Their Possible Iconographic Source

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-97
Author(s):  
BRYAN J. CUEVAS
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Patron Saint

AbstractThe ritual use of objects and images designed to serve as effigies or surrogates of specific persons, animals or spirits is more or less universal across cultures and time. In Tibet, recent archaeological evidence attests to the use of illustrated effigies possibly dating from the eleventh century. Other early Tibetan images include anthropomorphic figures inscribed on animal skulls. The practical use of effigies in Tibetan ritual, both Buddhist and Bon-po, was almost certainly derived from much older Indian practices transmitted to Tibet. In this article illustrated effigies, their iconography and ritual use are discussed and the article concludes with the translation and transliteration of a short work by the fifteenth-century treasure revealer (gter-ston) and patron saint of Bhutan Padma-gling-pa (1450–1521), which gives instructions on how to draw a liṅga for a ritual of defence against human adversaries.

scholarly journals Las técnicas constructivas en las murallas medievales de Almería

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Gurriarán Daza
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Typical Scheme ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Middle Ages

Building techniques in the medieval walls of AlmeríaAlmería was one of the most important cities in al-Andalus, a circumstance that was possible thanks to the strength of its port. Its foundation as an urban entity during the Caliphate of Córdoba originated a typical scheme of an Islamic city organized by a medina and a citadel, both walled. Subsequent city’s growths, due to the creation of two large suburbs commencing in the eleventh century, also received defensive works, creating a system of fortifications that was destined to defend the place during the rest of the Middle Ages. In this work we will analyse the construction techniques used in these military works, which cover a wide period from the beginning of the tenth century until the end of the fifteenth century. Although ashlar stone was used in the Caliphate fortification, in most of these constructions bricklayer techniques were used, more modest but very useful. In this way, the masonry and rammed earth technique were predominant, giving rise to innumerable constructive phases that in recent times are being studied with archaeological methodology, thus to know better their evolution and main characteristics. 

Nizam al-Mulk Remembered

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
Neguin Yavari
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Fifteenth

The focus in the fifth and final chapter is on the afterlife of Nizam al-Mulk, of his legacy as well as of his representations. By the late fifteenth century, in Timurid Iran, Nizam al-Mulk is already the stuff of legend. In one historian’s estimation, the vizier is a veritable eleventh-century avatar of the martyr par excellence of Shi’i lore Husayn b. ‘Ali (d. 680), and the progenitor of modern Iran. But the story of Nizam al-Mulk does not end with his metamorphosis into a crypto-Shi‘i and a proto-Iranian patriot. In the 2010s, it is Nizam al-Mulk who is the most regularly invoked exemplar of legitimate Islamic governance, exhorting prudence and expedience to guide the Iranian polity through the treacherous waters of nuclear negotiations with the West, and to domesticate outlier and extremist fervor. The Iranian invocation of Nizam al-Mulk differs radically from his depiction in modern Sunni—Arab or Turkish—historiography. That living legacy is the true history of the laureled vizier.

Chaucer, Gower, and Fifteenth-Century Poetry in English

2019 ◽  
pp. 228-254
Author(s):  
Derek Attridge
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Confessio Amantis ◽  
Speaking Voice ◽  
Century Poetry ◽  
Iambic Pentameter

By the end of the fourteenth century, a sizeable audience for poetry in English among the gentry and the commercial classes had emerged. Chaucer wrote for this readership, and his poetry shows a successful absorption of French and Italian models. This chapter scrutinizes his work for evidence of the manner in which it was performed and received. Throughout his oeuvre, Chaucer appeals to both hearers and readers, using images both of books and of oral performers. His invention of the English iambic pentameter made possible a fuller embodiment in verse of the speaking voice, unlike Gower, who chose to write his major work, Confessio Amantis, in strict tetrameters. In the fifteenth century, the changing pronunciation of English made writing in metre a challenge, as is evident in the work of Hoccleve and Lydgate. The chapter ends with a consideration of the Scottish poets Henryson, Dunbar, and Douglas.

scholarly journals PANAKAWAN WAYANG KULIT PURWA: Asal-usul dan Konsep Perwujudannya

Panggung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunarto
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
Magic Power ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Wayang Kulit

Panakawan is a group of purwa shadow puppet having a specific embodiment. The embodiment of panakawan figures is shown in unproportional body and caricaturistics. The question is since when panakawan figures appear and how the concept of embodiment is. To answer that question, the research is done through historical approach to track the existence of panakawan figures, while the iconography is used to identify panakawan figures in terms of embodiment, and in tracing the concept of panakawan embodiment is done through structural approach.This study found that panakawan history can be traced through two sources, namely verbal and pictorial sources. Verbal is any source that is obtained from written works, whereas pictorial is any source of artifacts. The term of Panakawan was first found on serat Gattkacasraya by Empu Panuluh in the eleventh century and on Kitab Nawaruci  by Empu Siwamurti in the fifteenth century. Panakawan was also found on several sources of puppet plays, among others: Kidung Sudamala, Serat Purwakanda, Serat Pustakarajapurwa, and Serat Purwacarita. On artifact sources, it was found on temple reliefs and on some kinds of puppet. The concept of panakawan embodiment was inspired by the disabled people who have magic power. The people of this type in Yogyakarta palace are called Abdi Dalem Palawija, whereas in the ancient Java they were included in the character of i’jro. Keywords: Panakawan, history, concept

scholarly journals Oleksiy Tolochko’s Concept and the Origin of the Short Pravda Russkaia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Joukovskaia
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Collective Effort ◽  
Wide Circle ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Document ◽  
Holistic Theory

A wide circle of historians, lawyers, and secondary school teachers are interested in the Pravda Russkaia. This review analyses the historiographical situation around the study of this important artefact after the publication of The Short Pravda: The Origin of the Text (2009) by Oleksiy Tolochko, in which the author develops the opinion that the Short Pravda appeared later than the Expanded Pravda, which was expressed by prominent linguists and historians (E. F. Karskii, S. P. Obnorskii, A. I. Sobolevskii, etc.) in the first half of the twentieth century but later discarded by Soviet scholarship. By combining various methods from source studies, the author proves that the Short Pravda did not originate as a legal document in the eleventh century, but as a fragment of The Chronicle of Novgorod in the early fifteenth century. The review shows that specialists’ responses to Tolochko’s book are limited to a few journal publications, each of which criticises one or two of separate arguments but does not systematically consider the proposed holistic theory of the artefact’s origin (articles by K. Zukerman, P. V. Lukin, A. A. Gorskii, A. Y. Degtyarev, etc.). Any attempt at summarising the results of the controversy leads to the belief that the discussion is methodologically unsound. The analysis of an article from the Pravda that is taken out of context can lead to opposing interpretations depending on the choice of the parameters preferred by a given author at a given time. Considering the fundamental nature of the Pravda Russkaia for the history of medieval Russia, the reviewer concludes that it is necessary to make an effort (probably a collective effort) towards a systematic analysis of Tolochko’s hypothesis: the traditional isolated study of this most important legal document should be placed within the broader framework of a comprehensive study of the collections in which the short and expanded versions of the Pravda have been preserved.

scholarly journals Patterns of martyrial sanctity in the royal ideology of medieval Serbia continuity and change

Balcanica ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smilja Marjanovic-Dusanic
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Royal Ideology ◽  
Political Legitimation

Especially important for the development of the holy king concept with the Serbs appears to be the early period of Serbian sovereignty, initially in Zeta, and subsequently in Raska under Stefan Nemanja and his descendants. During the eleventh century, cults of royal martyrs arise across the Slavic world, receiving a most enthusiastic response connected with the spread of the martyrial and monastic ideals in Byzantium. The cult of St Vladimir is the earliest royal saint's cult with the Serbs, and it is rightfully set apart from the ideologically consistent whole encompassing the subsequent cults of the Nemanjic rulers. The cult of this royal saint undergoes a change in the twelfth century as regards the image of the exemplary ruler. The martyrial cults of holy kings emerge in medieval Serbia only in the fifteenth century, under the influence of completely different motives. The cults of national royal saints associate domestic dynasties with the Old Testament-based traditions of God-chosenness, which play a central role in the processes of securing political legitimation for ruling houses. At the turn of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, we can see both the national and universal relics being used for raising an awareness of chosen ness observable in expanding the sacred realm as the fatherland's prayerful shield. In that sense, all-Christian relics, especially those of Constantinopolitan provenance, become integrated into domestic traditions.

On Emending Livy's Fourth Decade

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
The World ◽  
One Step ◽  
Present Text ◽  
Late Roman

The present text of Livy's Fourth Decade rests upon two main lines of tradition: first, the eleventh-centuryBambergensiswith fourteenth–fifteenth centuryrecentioresand Gelenius' notes (1535) of the lostSpirensis; secondly, Carbachius' recording (1519) of the lostMoguntinus. This paper is concerned with the effect which more recent knowledge of the archetype of the first tradition may have upon emendation of the text. In the light of uncial fragments discovered at Bamberg in 1904 Traube showed thatBambergensisis a direct copy of the fifth-century MS. which they represent. At one step we are back in the world of late Roman scholarship, and one may correctBambergensisin terms of the copying of continuous uncial script.

The Last Pharmacopeia

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-48
Author(s):  
He Bian
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
The State ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
Northern Song ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Field Of Inquiry ◽  
Book Culture

This chapter traces the decentralization of prestige associated with the state-commissioned pharmacopeia up until the end of the sixteenth century. It argues that the decentralization of authority had already been well under way since the eleventh century, when the Northern Song court did commission multiple bencao pharmacopeias. Proceeding chronologically, three trends stand out in this examination of bencao as a field of inquiry. First, the Song state could not exert much control over these elaborate texts in transmission. A variety of authors, acting independently of the imperial court, made changes to the official edition and promoted their work through the manuscript or the newly available technology of printing. Second, major medical innovations during the Jin-Yuan period inspired physicians to explain pharmacological action in cosmic, systematic terms. Lastly, regional official publishing—a hallmark of Ming book culture—made the elaborate Song pharmacopeia widely available in print from the mid-fifteenth century. As a result, an unprecedented number of texts emerged that attempted to integrate cosmic pharmacology with the pharmacopeia, creating new discourses and textual genres.

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