scholarly journals Genetic variability for leaf growth rate and duration under water deficit in sunflower: analysis of responses at cell, organ, and plant level

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 2221-2232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Pereyra-Irujo ◽  
Luciano Velázquez ◽  
Leandra Lechner ◽  
Luis A. N. Aguirrezábal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Plant Level

Linking physiological and genetic analyses of the control of leaf growth under changing environmental conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 937 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Tardieu ◽  
Matthieu Reymond ◽  
Bertrand Muller ◽  
Christine Granier ◽  
Thierry Simonneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Division Rate

Decrease in leaf growth rate under water deficit can be seen as an adaptive process. The analysis of its genetic variability is therefore important in the context of drought tolerance. Several mechanisms are widely believed to drive the reduction in leaf growth rate under water deficit, namely leaf carbon balance, incomplete turgor maintenance, and decrease in cell wall plasticity or in cell division rate, with contributions from hormones such as abscisic acid or ethylene. Each of these mechanisms is still controversial, and involves several families of genes. It is argued that gene regulatory networks are not feasible for modelling such complex systems. Leaf growth can be modelled via response curves to environmental conditions, which are considered as ‘meta-mechanisms’ at a higher degree of organisation. Response curves of leaf elongation rate to meristem temperature, atmospheric vapour pressure deficit, and soil water status were established in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of maize in experiments carried out in the field and in the greenhouse. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was conducted on the slopes of these responses. Each parameter of the ecophysiological model could then be computed as the sum of QTL effects, allowing calculation of parameters of new RILs, either virtual or existing. Leaf elongation rates of new RILS were simulated and were similar to measurements in a growth chamber experiment. This opens the way to the simulation of virtual genotypes, known only by their alleles, in any climatic scenario. Each genotype is therefore represented by a set of response parameters, valid in a large range of conditions and deduced from the alleles at QTLs.

Short-term responses of leaf growth rate to water deficit scale up to whole-plant and crop levels: an integrated modelling approach in maize

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARINE CHENU ◽  
SCOTT C. CHAPMAN ◽  
GRAEME L. HAMMER ◽  
GREG MCLEAN ◽  
HALIM BEN HAJ SALAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Modelling Approach

scholarly journals Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Leaf Elongation and Assimilation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Sabine Stuerz ◽  
Folkard Asch
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Area Expansion

Predictions of future crop growth and yield under a changing climate require a precise knowledge of plant responses to their environment. Since leaf growth increases the photosynthesizing area of the plant, it occupies a central position during the vegetative phase. Rice is cultivated in diverse ecological zones largely differing in temperature and relative air humidity (RH). To investigate the effects of temperature and RH during day and night on leaf growth, one variety (IR64) was grown in a growth chamber using 9 day/night regimes around the same mean temperature and RH, which were combinations of 3 temperature treatments (30/20 °C, 25/25 °C, 20/30 °C day/night temperature) and 3 RH treatments (40/90%, 65/65%, 90/40% day/night RH). Day/night leaf elongation rates (LER) were measured and compared to leaf gas exchange measurements and leaf area expansion on the plant level. While daytime LER was mainly temperature-dependent, nighttime LER was equally affected by temperature and RH and closely correlated with leaf area expansion at the plant level. We hypothesize that the same parameters increasing LER during the night also enhance leaf area expansion via shifts in partitioning to larger and thinner leaves. Further, base temperatures estimated from LERs varied with RH, emphasizing the need to take RH into consideration when modeling crop growth in response to temperature.

Water Deficit Effects on Transpiration and Leaf Growth 1

1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Rosenthal ◽  
G. F. Arkin ◽  
P. J. Shouse ◽  
W. R. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Growth

scholarly journals Spring barley performances in the Pannonian zone

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novo Przulj ◽  
Vojislava Momcilovic
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Environmental conditions in the Pannonian zone can be characterized with moderate high temperature and partially water deficit during grain filling of spring barley, although low temperature and water deficit are possible also in period till anthesis. This study was conducted to evaluate the variation of the duration of the period from emergence to anthesis (VP), duration of grain filling period (GFP), plant height (PH), spikes number m-2 (SN), grains number spike-1 (GN), thousand grains weight (GW) and yield (YIL) in spring two-rowed barley in conditions of the Pannonian zone. All three factors; genotype, environment and the interaction GxY affected the studied traits. Average VP was 777 GDD, GFP 782 GDD, PH 78 cm, SN 523, GN 28.2, GW 43.2 g and YIL 6.26 t ha-1. Variation across varieties was higher than across growing seasons. Heritability varied from 0.66 for YIL to 0.94 for VP and GFP. This study confirmed that a sufficiently large genetic variability must be base for selecting appropriate varieties for the Pannonian zone conditions. In order to determine high yielding and quality barley extensive research in relation to breeding, variety choice for production and growing practice must be done.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis and forage accumulation of Urochloa ruziziensis under nitrogen and potassium fertilization management

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1605
Author(s):  
Karla Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
Carlos Augusto Brandão de Carvalho ◽  
Flavio Henrique Vidal Azevedo ◽  
Fabio Prudêncio de Campos ◽  
Aline Barros da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Positive Form ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Appearance Rate

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons (summer 1, 2010–2011and summer 2, 2011–2012) and the autumn and spring of 2011. A randomized complete block design with four treatments (0, 120, 240, and 360 kg ha-1 year-1 of N and K2O) and five replications was used, with repeated measurements in each season, in a split plot arrangement. The treatments were allocated to the plots and the seasons of the year to the subplots. The phyllochron (PHY),leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), stem elongation rate (SER), tiller population density (TPD), tiller appearance rate (TAR), tiller mortality rate (TMR), leaf growth rate (LGR), stem growth rate (SGR), senescence rate (SR), forage accumulation rate (FAR), and leaf accumulation rate (LAR) of Urochloa ruziziensis were evaluated. There was a positive quadratic effect for the PHY and ELR, with maximum values of 4.3 days leaf-1 and 0.43 cm tiller-1 day-1, respectively. While the SER increased linearly (0.0012 cm day-1 kg-1 of N and K2O) during summer 2. The TPD, TAR, and TMR increased linearly (averages of 1.53 tillers m-2, 0.04% and 0.02% per kg of N and K2O, respectively) with nitrogen and potassium fertilization during spring and both summer seasons. The LGR, SGR, and SR also increased linearly with N and K2O application rates during summer 2 (0.2809, 0.0082, and 0.0411 kg DM ha-1 day-1, per kg of N and K2O, respectively), while the FAR and LAR increased in a quadratic positive form (maximum values of 175 and 129 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1, corresponding to 294 and 237 kg ha-1 of N and K2O, respectively) during summer 2. Urochloa ruziziensis is a forage plant with a high DM production capacity during the summer and a high seasonal forage production.

Water Stressed Nodal Roots of Wheat: Effects on Leaf Growth

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Volkmar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

This experiment as undertaken to determine the efects of soil drying around the nodal and/or seminal root systems on the shoot growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two split-root experiments were conducted, the first on newly emerged nodal roots of 18-day-old wheat plants, the second on 25-day-old plants. In both experiments, nodal and seminal roots were isolated from one another and water was withheld from either the nodal root chamber, the seminal root chamber, or both, over 6 days. In the first experiment, leaf growth was unaffected by withholding water from very short nodal roots, even though leaf relative water content of the droughted plants decreased. By comparison, both leaf elongation rate and relative water content decreased by withholding water from the seminal roots. On plants that were 1 week older, leaf growth rate and leaf relative water content decreased when nodal roots were drought-stressed. Leaf growth rate of seminal root droughted plants was more impaired than their nodal root counterparts, even though leaf relative water contents of the two treatments were the same. In both experiments, drought stress applied to the nodal root system enhanced nodal root growth more than seminal roots. These results suggest that seminal and nodal roots perceive and respond to drought stress differently with respect to the nature of the message conveyed to the shoots.

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