Linking physiological and genetic analyses of the control of leaf growth under changing environmental conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 937 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Tardieu ◽  
Matthieu Reymond ◽  
Bertrand Muller ◽  
Christine Granier ◽  
Thierry Simonneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Division Rate

Decrease in leaf growth rate under water deficit can be seen as an adaptive process. The analysis of its genetic variability is therefore important in the context of drought tolerance. Several mechanisms are widely believed to drive the reduction in leaf growth rate under water deficit, namely leaf carbon balance, incomplete turgor maintenance, and decrease in cell wall plasticity or in cell division rate, with contributions from hormones such as abscisic acid or ethylene. Each of these mechanisms is still controversial, and involves several families of genes. It is argued that gene regulatory networks are not feasible for modelling such complex systems. Leaf growth can be modelled via response curves to environmental conditions, which are considered as ‘meta-mechanisms’ at a higher degree of organisation. Response curves of leaf elongation rate to meristem temperature, atmospheric vapour pressure deficit, and soil water status were established in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of maize in experiments carried out in the field and in the greenhouse. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was conducted on the slopes of these responses. Each parameter of the ecophysiological model could then be computed as the sum of QTL effects, allowing calculation of parameters of new RILs, either virtual or existing. Leaf elongation rates of new RILS were simulated and were similar to measurements in a growth chamber experiment. This opens the way to the simulation of virtual genotypes, known only by their alleles, in any climatic scenario. Each genotype is therefore represented by a set of response parameters, valid in a large range of conditions and deduced from the alleles at QTLs.

Rapid environmental changes that affect leaf water status induce transient surges or pauses in leaf expansion rate.

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Passioura ◽  
Rana Munns
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Leaf Elongation Rate

We subjected wheat and barley plants to rapid environmental changes, and monitored leaf elongation rates for several hours thereafter. Changes in light, humidity or salinity caused sudden rises (if the leaf water status rose) or falls (if the leaf water status fell) in leaf elongation rate, followed by a recovery phase that lasted 20–60 min. After a step change in light or humidity, the growing leaf eventually resumed its original elongation rate, although the shoot water status, as monitored by leaf thickness, differed markedly. Salinity, on the other hand, produced a persistent change in leaf elongation rate, which settled down to a lower steady rate after the transient response was over. To determine whether the sudden changes in leaf elongation rate were due to changes in leaf water relations, we kept shoots fully hydrated through the environmental changes by automatically pressurising the roots to maintain leaf xylem on the point of bleeding. This annulled the environmental effects on leaf water status, and thereby largely removed the changes in leaf elongation rate. The only exception was at the dark:light transition, when the leaf elongation rate of pressurised plants rose sharply (in contrast to that of unpressurised plants, which fell), then underwent damped oscillations before settling at about its initial value. The sudden excursions of leaf growth in unpressurised plants accompanying the environmental changes were undoubtedly due to changes in leaf water status. The subsequent, generally complete, return of the leaf elongation rate to its initial value within an hour, despite the persistent change in leaf water status, suggests that a control system is operating at a time scale of tens of minutes that eventually overrides, partially or completely, the rapid effects of changes in leaf water status.

scholarly journals Influence of Warmer and Drier Environmental Conditions on Species-Specific Stem Circumference Dynamics and Water Status of Conifers in Submontane Zone of Central Slovakia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2945
Author(s):  
Adriana Leštianska ◽  
Peter Fleischer ◽  
Katarína Merganičová ◽  
Peter Fleischer ◽  
Katarína Střelcová
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Band Dendrometers ◽  
Species Specific

The frequency and intensity of droughts and heatwaves in Europe with notable impact on forest growth are expected to increase due to climate change. Coniferous stands planted outside the natural habitats of species belong to the most threatened forests. In this study, we assess stem circumference response of coniferous species (Larix decidua and Abies alba) to environmental conditions during the years 2015–2019. The study was performed in Arboretum in Zvolen (ca. 300 m a.s.l., Central Slovakia) characterised by a warmer and drier climate when compared to their natural habitats (located above 900 m a.s.l.), where they originated from. Seasonal radial variation, tree water deficit (ΔW), and maximum daily shrinkage (MDS) were derived from the records obtained from band dendrometers installed on five mature trees per species. Monitored species exhibited remarkably different growth patterns under highly above normal temperatures and uneven precipitation distribution. The magnitudes of reversible circumference changes (ΔW, MDS) were species-specific and strongly correlated with environmental factors. The wavelet analysis identified species-specific vulnerability to drought indicated by pronounced diurnal stem variation periodicity in rainless periods. L. decidua exhibited more strained stem water status and higher sensitivity to environmental conditions than A. alba. Tree water deficit and maximum daily shrinkage were found appropriate characteristics to compare water status of different tree species.

scholarly journals Genetic variability for leaf growth rate and duration under water deficit in sunflower: analysis of responses at cell, organ, and plant level

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 2221-2232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Pereyra-Irujo ◽  
Luciano Velázquez ◽  
Leandra Lechner ◽  
Luis A. N. Aguirrezábal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Plant Level

Short-term responses of leaf growth rate to water deficit scale up to whole-plant and crop levels: an integrated modelling approach in maize

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARINE CHENU ◽  
SCOTT C. CHAPMAN ◽  
GRAEME L. HAMMER ◽  
GREG MCLEAN ◽  
HALIM BEN HAJ SALAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Modelling Approach

scholarly journals SOIL WATER DEFICIT EFFECTS ON PLANT WATER RELATIONS AND LEAF GROWTH OF CUCUMBER

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 596c-596
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Melkonian ◽  
David W. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
And Control

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Marketmore 80) plants were exposed to a soil water deficit and subsequently rewatered. Maximum stress intensity was -1.5 MPa midday leaf water potential compared to -0.6 to -0.8 MPa in the well watered control, eight days after withholding water. Midday stomatal conductance {ks), leaf turgor potential and water potential decreased in the stress treatment compared to the control beginning at the first sampling, two days after withholding water. The decrease in all three was approximately linear with time over the stress. Decreased leaf elongation was observed at the second sampling, three days after the initial decline in ks and five days after withholding water. At similar relative water content {RWC), osmotic potentials of the stress and control treatments were the same throughout most of the stress. Further, there was no difference in osmotic potential, at the same RWC, between the stress and control treatments 12 - 16 hours after rewatering. Split-root experiments were also conducted to examine a possible role of a non-hydraulic signal from roots in drying soil in the regulation of ks and leaf elongation in cucumber. No conclusive evidence of a signal was found despite significant decreases in soil water potential of one-half of the root system of the stress plants. However, fluctuating vapor pressure gradients (vpg) may have obscured evidence of a signal.

scholarly journals Leaf Production and Expansion: A Generalized Response to Drought Stresses from Cells to Whole Leaf Biomass—A Case Study in the Tomato Compound Leaf

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garance Koch ◽  
Gaëlle Rolland ◽  
Myriam Dauzat ◽  
Alexis Bédiée ◽  
Valentina Baldazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Compound Leaf

It is clearly established that there is not a unique response to soil water deficit but that there are as many responses as soil water deficit characteristics: Drought intensity, drought duration, and drought position during plant cycle. For a same soil water deficit, responses can also differ on plant genotype within a same species. In spite of this variability, at least for leaf production and expansion processes, robust tendencies can be extracted from the literature when similar watering regimes are compared. Here, we present response curves and multi-scale dynamics analyses established on tomato plants exposed to different soil water deficit treatments. Results reinforce the trends already observed for other species: Reduction in plant leaf biomass under water stress was due to reduction in individual leaf biomass and areas whereas leaf production and specific leaf area were not affected. The dynamics of leaf expansion was modified both at the leaf and cell scales. Cell division and expansion were reduced by drought treatments as well as the endoreduplication process. Combining response curves analyses together with dynamic analyses of tomato compound leaf growth at different scales not only corroborate results on simple leaf responses to drought but also increases our knowledge on the cellular mechanisms behind leaf growth plasticity.

High temperature and water deficit may reduce seed number in field pea purely by decreasing plant growth rate

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydie Guilioni ◽  
Jacques Wéry ◽  
Jérémie Lecoeur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Variable Yield

Seed number, the most variable yield component of legumes is strongly affected by heat stress (HS) and water deficit (WD). The objective of this paper is to investigate whether HS and WD reduced seed number in field pea through their negative effects on biomass production rather than by specific effects on the developing reproductive organs. Several field and glasshouse experiments were carried out in southern France, in which HS and / or WD of various intensities, durations and positions in the plant lifecycle were imposed on several pea cultivars. WD and HS reduced seed number, in an intensity-dependent manner. They also changed the distribution of seeds along the stem. Plants subjected to WD and mild HS had more seeds on the basal phytomers than did control plants, making it possible to exclude direct effects of stress on seed development. In contrast, severe HS resulted in the immediate abortion of reproductive organs. WD and HS also decreased net photosynthesis (Pn), but only during the period of constraint. Quantitative relationships between Pn and soil water status and between Pn and leaf temperature were established. Nevertheless, in all cases there was a single linear relationship between final seed number and plant growth rate during the critical period for seed set (from the beginning of flowering to the beginning of seed fill for the last seed-bearing phytomer). This reflects the reproductive plasticity of pea, which adjusts the number of reproductive sinks in an apparent balance with assimilate availability in the plant.

scholarly journals Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Leaf Elongation and Assimilation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Sabine Stuerz ◽  
Folkard Asch
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Area Expansion

Predictions of future crop growth and yield under a changing climate require a precise knowledge of plant responses to their environment. Since leaf growth increases the photosynthesizing area of the plant, it occupies a central position during the vegetative phase. Rice is cultivated in diverse ecological zones largely differing in temperature and relative air humidity (RH). To investigate the effects of temperature and RH during day and night on leaf growth, one variety (IR64) was grown in a growth chamber using 9 day/night regimes around the same mean temperature and RH, which were combinations of 3 temperature treatments (30/20 °C, 25/25 °C, 20/30 °C day/night temperature) and 3 RH treatments (40/90%, 65/65%, 90/40% day/night RH). Day/night leaf elongation rates (LER) were measured and compared to leaf gas exchange measurements and leaf area expansion on the plant level. While daytime LER was mainly temperature-dependent, nighttime LER was equally affected by temperature and RH and closely correlated with leaf area expansion at the plant level. We hypothesize that the same parameters increasing LER during the night also enhance leaf area expansion via shifts in partitioning to larger and thinner leaves. Further, base temperatures estimated from LERs varied with RH, emphasizing the need to take RH into consideration when modeling crop growth in response to temperature.

Water Deficit Effects on Transpiration and Leaf Growth 1

1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Rosenthal ◽  
G. F. Arkin ◽  
P. J. Shouse ◽  
W. R. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Growth
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