Prevalence and Factors Associated With Virological Treatment Failure Among Children and Adolescents on Antiretroviral Therapy Attending HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Clinics in Dodoma Municipality, Central Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niyonziza Z Bitwale ◽  
David P Mnzava ◽  
Francisca D Kimaro ◽  
Theopista Jacob ◽  
Bonaventura C T Mpondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Virological Suppression ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Virological Treatment Failure ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background As the World Health Organization (WHO) and its joint partners such as USAIDS target achieving 90% sustained virological suppression among children and adolescents living with Human Immunodeficience Virus (HIV)/AIDS, it is imperative to elucidate the current prevalence and factors associated with virological treatment failure for formulation of appropriate strategies. This study was conducted determine the prevalence and factors associated with virological treatment failure among children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy (ART) attending HIV/AIDS care clinics in Dodoma, Central Tanzania. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of children aged 1–19 years attending 3 HIV/AIDS care clinics in Dodoma (central Tanzania) from November 2018 to February 2019. Sociodemographic and clinical factors were documented, HIV viral load and CD4+ T lymphocytes were evaluated for children on ART for ≥6 months. The primary outcomes were the prevalence and factors associated with viralogic treatment failure. Results Of 300 children enrolled, 102 (34%) had virological treatment failure. Poor adherence to ART (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.221; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.867–5.558; P = .032), nevirapine regimen (AOR = 3.185; 95% CI, 1.473–6.886; P ≤ .001), not using cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (AOR = 25.56; 95% CI, 3.15–27.55; P = .002) and nondisclosure of HIV status to others (AOR = 7.741; 95% CI, 2.351–25.489; P = .001) were independently associated with virological treatment failure. Conclusions Current prevalence of virological treatment failure among children and adolescents living with HIV on ART remain high. Factors such as ART adherence, nevirapine based regimen, HIV status disclosure to those caring for the child need to be addressed to achieve sustained virological suppression.

scholarly journals The progress towards achieving the UNAIDS ambitious viral suppression target among adults living with HIV in South-Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saheed Opeyemi Usman ◽  
Adetosoye Adebanjo ◽  
Anuri Emeh ◽  
Ererosanaga Ogboghodo ◽  
Babatunde Akinbinu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa where genotypic drug resistance testing is rarely performed and poor adherence is blamed for the inability to achieve viral suppression and treatment failure, programmatic approaches to preventing & handling these are thus essential. Hypothesis tested was antiretroviral therapy adherence effect on viral load outcome. This study was aimed at determining and monitoring HIV/AIDS disease progression using viral load to provide prognostic information and evaluate patients for viral suppression using the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline strategies. Methods: This study was an observational study of subjects living with HIV already initiated on antiretroviral therapy for at least six months, enrolled in health facilities across Ondo State, South-Western Nigeria, during a 12-month observation period starting October 2018 till September 2019. Quantitative viral load analysis was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction, Roche Cobas Taqman 96 Analyzer. All data were statistically analyzed, using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), with multiple comparisons done using Post Hoc Bonferonni test. Results: A total of 8124 (1947 males & 6177 females) subjects eligible for the study were recruited. Most of them are in the age range of 35 – 39 years, with a mean age of 42.02 ± 10.88 years. 7162 (88.2%) & 1771 (21.8%) of the subjects had viral suppression of <1000 RNA copies per ml and <20 RNA copies per ml respectively. The unsuppressed subjects went through enhanced adherence counselling (EAC) for three months and viral load test repeated thereafter. 192 patients who had completed the three sessions of EAC and repeated viral load increased the entire suppression numbers to 7339 (90.3%) & 1824 (22.5%) <1000 RNA copies per ml and <20 RNA copies per ml respectively during the period of observation. ART adherence has significant effect on viral load outcome from the study hypothesis tested. Conclusion: Current ART regimen & HIV treatment enhanced adherence counseling are key to the achieving viral suppression, thus, routine viral load monitoring will ultimately help in HIV/AIDS disease progression follow up and reduce treatment failure tendencies. This will help more patients stay on first line regimen and prolong their life expectancy, indicating that the UNAIDS last 90 target is achievable.

Factors associated to first line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure among HIV/AIDS patients at Sanglah Hospital, Bali

2017 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Cok Istri Sri Dharma Astiti ◽  
A.A Sagung Sawitri ◽  
Tuti Parwati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
First Line ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Risk Of Treatment ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background and purpose: The incidence of first line ART failure is increasing in the South East Asia region. The main referral hospital in Bali has recorded an increased use of second line ART due to the first line ART failure. This study aims to explore risk factors associated to first line ART failure.Methods: A case control study was conducted among people living with HIV and AIDS at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar who started first line ART between 2004 and 2013. Cases were those who diagnosed as having clinical treatment failure and still on treatment in 2015. Controls were those with no treatment failure. Sex and year of ART initiation were matched between case and control. Data were obtained from medical records that include initial regiments, HIV mode of transmission, the WHO HIV clinical stage, CD4 count, opportunistic infections, body mass index, hemoglobin level, and drug substitution at the beginning and during treatment. Risk factors were analysed using logistic regression.Results: Out of 68 HIV/AIDS patients with clinical ART failure, 72.1% were confirmed with immunological and 36.8% were confirmed with virological failure. Median time before treatment failure was 3.5 years. Factors associated to ART failure were HIV clinical stage IV with (AOR=3.43; 95%CI=1.65-7.13) and being widow/widower (AOR=4.85; 95%CI=1.52-15.53). Patients with TB co-infection have a lower risk for treatment failure due to early diagnosis and treatment through TB-HIV program with (AOR=0.32; 95%CI=0.14-0.70).Conclusions: Higher HIV clinical stage at ART initiation increases the risk of treatment failure. HIV-TB co-infection indirectly reduces the risk of treatment failure.

scholarly journals 1371. Tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection in the Bahamas: A Retrospective Review of Cases Diagnosed Between 2014 and 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S496-S497
Author(s):  
Javardo McIntosh ◽  
Kevin Moss ◽  
Nikkiah Forbes ◽  
M Anthony C Frankson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Hiv Coinfection

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest diseases known to man, yet the world health organization reports that TB is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. HIV infection is the most potent biologic risk factor for developing tuberculosis. The HIV epidemic has been responsible for increasing the burden of TB worldwide and The Bahamas has been no exception. The aim of this study was to determine the HIV testing rate as well as prevalence of TB-HIV coinfection for The Bahamas and compare cases of TB based on HIV status for clinical presentation, radiologic findings, TST results and Smear and Culture results. We also evaluated cases of TB-HIV for degree of immunosuppression and compliance to antiretroviral therapy. Methods A retrospective chart review of cases of Tuberculosis diagnosed at the Princess Margaret Hospital, Nassau, Bahamas. 189 cases of active tuberculosis diagnosed between 2014 and 2016 and all cases were evaluated for demographics, risk factors, HIV status, clinical manifestation, radiologic findings, and smear and culture results. Results Of the 189 cases of notified tuberculosis between 2014 and 2016, 109 (59.9%) were HIV negative and 73 (40.1%) were HIV positive. For patients who were HIV positive, 54(74%) were previously diagnosed with HIV and 19(26%) were newly diagnosed. Of the patients who were previously diagnosed with HIV, 14(25.9%) were on antiretroviral (ARV) medications and compliant, 34(63.0%) were on ARVs and noncompliant and 6(11.1%) were not on ARVs. 4(8.2%) patient had a CD4 count ≥500, 8(16.3%) patients had a CD4 count between 499–200 and 37(75.5%) had a CD4 counts 1000. Conclusion HIV is a major risk factor for Tuberculosis in the Bahamas and it is advised that all patients diagnosed with TB be tested for HIV. Routine screening of HIV patients for TB is recommended. Noncompliance with antiretroviral therapy remains a public health issue as it increases susceptibility to TB infection. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Brazilian children and adolescents: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Pelegrini ◽  
Mateus Augusto Bim ◽  
Fernanda Ulsula de Souza ◽  
Karoline Sisnandes da Silva Kilim ◽  
André de Araújo Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
World Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Brazilian Children

abstract It is important to know about overweight and obesity situation of Brazilian children and adolescents. The present study aims to update scientific production, through a systematic review, on the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in Brazilian children and adolescents. Nine databases were verified, and 1,316 references were examined from 2018 to 2019. The electronic search was conducted by three independent researchers. All review steps followed a strategy based on PRISMA. 40 studies were included in this systematic review. Most studies use the World Health Organization classification criteria. The prevalence of overweight in Brazilian children and adolescents varies from 8.8% to 22.2% (boys: 6.2% to 21%; girls: 6.9% to 27.6%). The prevalence of obesity varied from 3.8% to 24% (boys: 2.4% to 28.9%; girls: 1.6% to 19.4%). It was observed that the socioeconomic factors (sex, skin color, economic level, region, mother's educational level, living in a rented house and without access to the internet), hereditary/genetic (family history of dyslipidemia and overweight and rs9939609 genotype) and behavioral (physical activity, screen time, eating habits, perceived body weight, health vulnerability, presence of a result close to home, alcoholic beverages, cigarette consumption) were associated with the outcome. It is concluded that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Brazilian children and adolescents are worrisome and most of the factors associated with the outcomes are subject to change from the adoption of a healthy lifestyle.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Insulin Resistance among Children and Adolescents Perinatally Infected with HIV-1 in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell E. Geffner ◽  
Kunjal Patel ◽  
Tracie L. Miller ◽  
Rohan Hazra ◽  
Margarita Silio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Perinatally Infected ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Factors associated with DAA virological treatment failure and resistance-associated substitutions description in HIV/HCV coinfected patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 856-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Salmon ◽  
Pascale Trimoulet ◽  
Camille Gilbert ◽  
Caroline Solas ◽  
Eva Lafourcade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Virological Treatment Failure
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document