scholarly journals Early Adaptive Functioning Trajectories in Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 800-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Franchini ◽  
Daniela Zöller ◽  
Edouard Gentaz ◽  
Bronwyn Glaser ◽  
Hilary Wood de Wilde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The role of emotion perception in adaptive functioning of people with autism spectrum disorders

Autism ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret B Hudepohl ◽  
Diana L Robins ◽  
Tricia Z King ◽  
Christopher C Henrich
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Glutathione S-Transferase Polymorphisms and Clinical Characteristics in Autism Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanja Mandic-Maravic ◽  
Marija Mitkovic-Voncina ◽  
Marija Pljesa-Ercegovac ◽  
Ana Savic-Radojevic ◽  
Miroslav Djordjevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gst Polymorphisms ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of developmental disorders, with different levels of symptoms, functioning, and comorbidities. Recent findings suggested that oxidative stress and genetic variability in glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) might increase the risk of ASD development. We aimed to determine whether GST polymorphisms influence the severity of symptoms as well as the cognitive and adaptive abilities in children with ASD.Methods: The sample included 113 ASD cases. All participants were genotyped for GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms. The clinical characteristics were determined with Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) in all of the participants. In non-verbal participants, we explored the adaptive functioning using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale II, while in verbal participants, we used the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI).Results: It was shown that the GSTA1*CC genotype was a predictor of a lower non-verbal communication impairment as well as of a lower chance of having seizures during life. GSTM1-active genotype predicted a higher adaptive functioning. The predictive effect of GSTA1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genotype was moderated by exposure during pregnancy (maternal smoking and medication). The GSTP1*IleIle genotype was significantly associated to a better cognitive functioning in children with ASD.Conclusion: Besides the complex gene-environment interaction for the specific risk of developing ASD, there is also a possible complexity of interactions between genetic and environmental factors influencing the level of symptoms and impairment in people with ASD. Detoxification and antioxidant enzymes, such as GSTA1, might contribute to the core of this complexity.

scholarly journals Tracing Autism Traits in Large Multiplex Families to Identify Endophenotypes of the Broader Autism Phenotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7965
Author(s):  
Krysta J. Trevis ◽  
Natasha J. Brown ◽  
Cherie C. Green ◽  
Paul J. Lockhart ◽  
Tarishi Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Broader Autism Phenotype ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Traits ◽  
Multiplex Families ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Phenotype

Families comprising many individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may carry a dominant predisposing mutation. We implemented rigorous phenotyping of the “Broader Autism Phenotype” (BAP) in large multiplex ASD families using a novel endophenotype approach for the identification and characterisation of distinct BAP endophenotypes. We evaluated ASD/BAP features using standardised tests and a semi-structured interview to assess social, intellectual, executive and adaptive functioning in 110 individuals, including two large multiplex families (Family A: 30; Family B: 35) and an independent sample of small families (n = 45). Our protocol identified four distinct psychological endophenotypes of the BAP that were evident across these independent samples, and showed high sensitivity (97%) and specificity (82%) for individuals classified with the BAP. Patterns of inheritance of identified endophenotypes varied between the two large multiplex families, supporting their utility for identifying genes in ASD.

scholarly journals Sensory Processing Issues and Their Association with Social Difficulties in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kojovic ◽  
Ben Hadid ◽  
Franchini ◽  
Schaer
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The One ◽  
Social Scenes

Sensory processing issues have been frequently reported in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but their relationship with social and overall adaptive functioning has not been extensively characterized to date. Here, we investigate how sensory processing atypicalities relate with deficits in social skills, impaired social cognition, and general adaptive functioning in a group of preschoolers with ASD. Sixty-four children with ASD aged 3 to 6 were included in this study, along with 36 age-matched typically-developing (TD) peers. Parent-reported measures of sensory processing, social difficulties and overall adaptive functioning were collected for all children. We also obtained precise measures of social attention deployment using a custom-design eye-tracking task depicting naturalistic social scenes. Within the group of children with ASD, higher intensities of sensory issues were associated with more prominent social difficulties and lower adaptive functioning. We also found that children with ASD who had more sensory issues showed visual exploration patterns of social scenes that strongly deviated from the one seen in the TD group. The association of sensory processing atypicalities with “higher-order” functional domains such as social and adaptive functioning in children with ASD stresses the importance of further research on sensory symptoms in autism.

scholarly journals Genetic risk for autism spectrum disorders and neuropsychiatric variation in the general population

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise B Robinson ◽  
Beate St Pourcain ◽  
Verneri Anttila ◽  
Jack Kosmicki ◽  
Brendan Bulik-Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
General Population ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Almost All

Almost all genetic risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) can be found in the general population, but the effects of that risk are unclear in people not ascertained for neuropsychiatric symptoms. Using several large ASD consortia and population based resources, we find genetic links between ASDs and typical variation in social behavior and adaptive functioning. This finding is evidenced through both inherited and de novo variation, indicating that multiple types of genetic risk for ASDs influence a continuum of behavioral and developmental traits, the severe tail of which can result in an ASD or other neuropsychiatric disorder diagnosis. A continuum model should inform the design and interpretation of studies of neuropsychiatric disease biology.

Disfluency Characteristics Observed in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Report

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura W. Plexico ◽  
Julie E. Cleary ◽  
Ashlynn McAlpine ◽  
Allison M. Plumb
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Young Children With Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

This descriptive study evaluates the speech disfluencies of 8 verbal children between 3 and 5 years of age with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Speech samples were collected for each child during standardized interactions. Percentage and types of disfluencies observed during speech samples are discussed. Although they did not have a clinical diagnosis of stuttering, all of the young children with ASD in this study produced disfluencies. In addition to stuttering-like disfluencies and other typical disfluencies, the children with ASD also produced atypical disfluencies, which usually are not observed in children with typically developing speech or developmental stuttering. (Yairi & Ambrose, 2005).

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