Stoichiometry of leaf carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus along a geographic, climatic, and soil gradients in temperate desert of Hexi Corridor, northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Mengmeng Li ◽  
Yongzhong Su ◽  
Rong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Hexi Corridor ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
P Content ◽  
Leaf Stoichiometry ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
Soil Gradients

Abstract Aims Understanding the regional pattern of leaf stoichiometry and its contributing variables are of importance for predicting plant responses to global change and modelling the productivity and nutrient fluxes of ecosystems. In this study, we investigated leaf stoichiometry of plants that sampled from Hexi Corridor, a typical arid region in China, and tried to explore the contribution variables on leaf stoichiometry along the geographic, climatic, and soil gradients. Methods In August 2012, 70 sites in Hexi Corridor were investigated. Plant leaves and soils from five equivalent plots within each site were sampled. C, N, and P contents of leaf and soil were measured. Important findings Compared with leaf N and P contents in regional and global scales, leaf N content in Hexi Corridor was close to them with the value of 20.19 mg g-1, while leaf P content was lower than them with the value of 1.34 mg g-1. Overall, leaf N:P value in Hexi Corridor was 15.70. Individually, leaf N:P values of shrubs and herbs were 16.81 and 14.80, respectively. Scaling exponents for leaf N vs. P of overall and shrubs in Hexi Corridor were 1.29, higher than the scaling exponent of herbs (1.08). Leaf stoichiometry of shrubs and herbs did not show significant latitudinal and longitudinal patterns, meanwhile, it has no significant correlation with mean annual precipitation (MAP), mean annual temperature (MAT), and soil elements. However, only leaf stoichiometry of herbs has significant correlation with altitude and aridity degree. These results indicate that plants in Hexi Corridor are possibly co-limited by N and P, while shrubs are mainly limited by soil P and herbs are limited by soil N. Scaling relationship reveals that leaf N vs. P of herbs is isometric. With increasing altitude, the quadratic regression for leaf C and N contents and the linear regression for leaf P content of herbs reflect the difference responses of the three elements on the variation of MAT along the altitude and it could be explained by plant physiology hypothesis and biogeochemical hypotheses. With decreasing aridity, leaf N and N:P of herbs increased significantly, inferring that herbs growth would be limited by P increasingly and strengthening the increasing nitrogen availability with increasing precipitation. In conclusion, different altitude and aridity patterns for leaf stoichiometry of herbs and shrubs reveal the plastic survive strategies of different xerophytes in Hexi Corridor. Moreover, leaf stoichiometry of herbs in Hexi Corridor could be as indicator of the changing environment that caused by aridity.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution Patterns and Driving Factors of Plant Biomass and Leaf N, P Stoichiometry on the Loess Plateau of China

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2420
Author(s):  
Zhao Fang ◽  
Xiaoyu Han ◽  
Mingyang Xie ◽  
Feng Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
P Content ◽  
Leaf Stoichiometry ◽  
Leaf N

Understanding the geographic patterns and potential drivers of leaf stoichiometry and plant biomass is critical for modeling the biogeochemical cycling of ecosystems and to forecast the responses of ecosystems to global changes. Therefore, we studied the spatial patterns and potential drivers of leaf stoichiometry and herb biomass from 15 sites spanning from south to north along a 500 km latitudinal gradient of the Loess Plateau. We found that leaf N and P stoichiometry and the biomass of herb plants varied greatly on the Loess Plateau, showing spatial patterns, and there were significant differences among the four vegetation zones. With increasing latitude (decreasing mean annual temperature and decreasing mean precipitation), aboveground and belowground biomass displayed an opening downward parabolic trend, while the root–shoot ratio gradually decreased. Furthermore, there were significant linear relationships between the leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents and latitude and climate (mean annual rainfall and mean annual temperature). However, the leaf N/P ratio showed no significant latitudinal or climatic trends. Redundancy analysis and stepwise regression analysis revealed herb biomass and leaf N and P contents were strongly related to environmental driving factors (slope, soil P content and latitude, altitude, mean annual rainfall and mean annual temperature). Compared with global scale results, herb plants on the Loess Plateau are characterized by relatively lower biomass, higher N content, lower P content and a higher N/P ratio, and vegetative growth may be more susceptible to P limitation. These findings indicated that the remarkable spatial distribution patterns of leaf N and P stoichiometry and herb biomass were jointly regulated by the climate, soil properties and topographic properties, providing new insights into potential vegetation restoration strategies.

scholarly journals Solar radiation effects on leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of Chinese fir across subtropical China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Tong ◽  
Yini Cao ◽  
Zhihong Zhu ◽  
Chenyang Lou ◽  
Benzhi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
P Content ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf N

Abstract Background Solar radiation (SR) plays critical roles in plant physiological processes and ecosystems functions. However, the exploration of SR influences on the biogeochemical cycles of forest ecosystems is still in a slow progress, and has important implications for the understanding of plant adaption strategy under future environmental changes. Herein, this research was aimed to explore the influences of SR on plant nutrient characteristics, and provided theoretical basis for introducing SR into the establishment of biochemical models of forest ecosystems in the future researches. Methods We measured leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in 19 Chinese fir plantations across subtropical China by a field investigation. The direct and indirect effects of SR, including global radiation (Global R), direct radiation (Direct R) and diffuse radiation (Diffuse R) on the leaf N and P stoichiometry were investigated. Results The linear regression analysis showed that leaf N concentration had no association with SR, while leaf P concentration and N:P ratio were negatively and positively related to SR, respectively. Partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) demonstrated that SR (e.g. Direct R and Diffuse R), as a latent variable, exhibited direct correlations with leaf N and P stoichiometry as well as the indirect correlation mediated by soil P content. The direct associations (path coefficient = − 0.518) were markedly greater than indirect associations (path coefficient = − 0.087). The covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) indicated that SR had direct effects on leaf P concentration (path coefficient = − 0.481), and weak effects on leaf N concentration. The high SR level elevated two temperature indexes (mean annual temperature, MAT; ≥ 10 °C annual accumulated temperature, ≥ 10 °C AAT) and one hydrological index (mean annual evapotranspiration, MAE), but lowered the soil P content. MAT, MAE and soil P content could affect the leaf P concentration, which cause the indirect effect of SR on leaf P concentration (path coefficient = 0.004). Soil N content had positive effect on the leaf N concentration, which was positively and negatively regulated by MAP and ≥ 10 °C AAT, respectively. Conclusions These results confirmed that SR had negatively direct and indirect impacts on plant nutrient status of Chinese fir based on a regional investigation, and the direct associations were greater than the indirect associations. Such findings shed light on the guideline of taking SR into account for the establishment of global biogeochemical models of forest ecosystems in the future studies.

scholarly journals Climatic rather than edaphic variables determine leaf C, N, P stoichiometry of deciduous Quercus species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutong Lin ◽  
Yuan Lai ◽  
Songbo Tang ◽  
Zhangfen Qin ◽  
Jianfeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Quercus Species ◽  
Leaf Stoichiometry ◽  
Edaphic Variables ◽  
Temperature Seasonality ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Leaf P

Abstract Purpose Leaf stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is indicative of plant nutrient limitation, community composition, ecosystem function. Understanding leaf stoichiometry patterns of C, N, P of eurytopic species at genus-level across large-scale geographic regions and identifying their driven factors are of great importance to assess and to predict species’ distribution range shifts affected by climate change. Methods Here, we determined the patterns of leaf C, N, P stoichiometry of five deciduous oaks species (Quercus) across China covering ~ 20 latitude (~ 21–41˚ N) and longitude (~ 99–119˚ E) degrees, and detected their relationships with climatic, edaphic variables. Results We found that the concentrations ([ ]) of leaf C, N and the ratios ( / ) of N: P, C: P significantly increased, while leaf [P] and C/N decreased with the increasing latitude. However, leaf stoichiometry had no significant trends along the longitudinal gradient with an exception of leaf [C] which decreased with increasing longitude. The climatic variables, i.e. mean annual temperature precipitation (MAP), the max temperature of the warmest month (Tmax), temperature seasonality (TS), aridity index (AI) were the determinants on the geographic patterns of leaf C, N, P stoichiometry. The studied deciduous Quercus species growing in warm and wet environments tended to increase leaf [C], [N], C/P, and N/P, but to decrease leaf [P] and C/N, which maybe their nutritional strategies to improve adaptability. Conclusion The adaptative mechanisms of leaf stoichiometry should be further studied to assess the fate of deciduous Quercus species affected by climate change.

scholarly journals Elevation Alone Alters Leaf N and Leaf C to N Ratio of Picea crassifolia Kom. in China’s Qilian Mountains

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Yalin Niu ◽  
Jianfang Kang ◽  
Haohai Su ◽  
Jan F. Adamowski ◽  
Asim Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Picea Crassifolia ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Leaf Stoichiometry ◽  
Qinghai Spruce

Leaf stoichiometry of plants can respond to variation in environments such as elevation ranging from low to high and success in establishing itself in a given montane ecosystem. An evaluation of the leaf stoichiometry of Qinghai Spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) growing at different elevations (2400 m, 2600 m, 2800 m, 3000 m, and 3200 m) in eastern China’s Qilian Mountains, showed that leaf carbon (LC) and leaf phosphorus (LP) were similar among elevations, with ranges of 502.76–518.02 g·kg−1, and 1.00–1.43 g·kg−1, respectively. Leaf nitrogen (LN) varied with changes of elevation, with a maxima of 12.82 g·kg−1 at 2600 m and a minima of 10.74 g·kg−1 at 2800 m. The LC:LN under 2400 m and 2600 m was lower than that under other elevations, while LC:LP and LN:LP were not different among these elevations. Except for LN and LC:LN, P. crassifolia’s other leaf stoichiometries remained relatively stable across elevations, partly supporting the homeostasis hypothesis. Variations in leaf stoichiometry across elevations were mainly linked to mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, soil pH, and the soil organic C to soil total N ratio. P. crassifolia growth within the study area was more susceptible to P limitation.

scholarly journals Leaf Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stoichiometry of Chinese fir Plantations across China: A Meta-Analysis

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Tong ◽  
Benzhi Zhou ◽  
Lina Jiang ◽  
Xiaogai Ge ◽  
Yonghui Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf N

Leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry at a large geographical scale is the result of long-term adaptation to the environment. Therefore, the patterns of leaf N and P spatial distributions and their controlling factors represent an important issue in current ecological research. To explore the leaf stoichiometry of Chinese fir at a national level, we conducted a meta-analysis based on the dataset of the leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and the N:P ratio from 28 study sites across China. For all of the age groups considered, the average concentrations of the leaf N and P concentrations and the N:P ratio were 11.94 mg g−1, 1.04 mg g−1, and 12.93, respectively. Significant differences were found in the leaf P concentration and N:P ratio between the five age groups, while the differences in the leaf N concentration between the groups were not significant. Linear fitting results indicated that the leaf P concentration decreased, and the leaf N:P ratio increased with the increase of the MAT (mean annual temperature) and soil N concentration. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the first axis, with an explanatory quantity of 0.350, indicated that the MAT (mean annual temperature), soil nitrogen concentration and stand age had a good relationship with the leaf P concentration and N:P ratio, while the second axis, with an explanatory quantity of 0.058, indicated that the leaf N concentration was less affected by the environmental factors. These results demonstrate that the leaf P concentration and N:P ratio are affected by the stand age, an uneven distribution of the heat and soil nutrient concentration status, and N, as the limiting element, remaining relatively stable. Overall, our findings revealed the response of leaf stoichiometric traits to environment change, which benefits the management of Chinese fir plantations.

scholarly journals TANGGAP BIBIT KAKAO TERHADAP MEDIA TANAM GAMBUT DAN ULTISOL SERTA ZEOLIT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Ida Nursanti
Keyword(s):  
Peat Soil ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Duncan Multiple Range Test ◽  
N Content ◽  
P Content ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Leaf N

Peat soils and mineral soils have poor chemical and biological properties. The addition of mineral soil and zeolite in peat plant media will improve the soil properties. The aim of this research is to know the effect of ultisol and zeolite soil on peat media and to determine the ratio of ultisol and peat soil media and zeolite for the growth of cocoa seedlings. Implementation of research in Jambi City. The study used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 2 factors. Giving ultisol soil (U) with 4 levels : U0 = without ultisol soil, U1 = ultisol soil 15% by weight of planting medium, U2 = ultisol soil 20% by weight of planting medium, U3 = ultisol soil 25% weight of planting medium. Zeolite (Z) with 3 levels ie: Z0 = zeolite, Z1 = zeolite 100 g and Z2 = zeolite 200g. Observation of: height of plant (cm), dry weight of crown (g), leaf N content (%), and leaf P content (%). The observed data were analyzed using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) test at 5% level. The administration of ultisol and zeolite soils on peat moss can significantly influence the growth of cocoa seeds, especially in plant height, dry crown weight, leaf N content and leaf P content. Ultisol soil 25% and zeolite 200g on peat media can better influence the growth of cocoa seedlings.Keywords : Peat, Ultisol, Zeolit, CocoaTanah gambut dan tanah mineral memiliki sifat kimia dan biologi kurang baik. Penambahan tanah ultisol dan zeolit dalam media tanam gambut akan dapat memperbaiki sifat tanah. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui  pengaruh pemberian tanah ultisol dan zeolit pada media gambut serta menentukan perbandingan media tanah ultisol, zeolit dan gambut untuk  pertumbuhan bibit kakao. Pelaksanaan penelitian di Kota Jambi. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 faktor. Pemberian tanah ultisol (U) dengan 4 taraf  yaitu :U0  = tanpa pemberian tanah ultisol, U1  = tanah ultisol  15% berat medium tanam, U2=tanah ultisol 20% berat medium tanam, U3=tanah ultisol 25% berat medium tanam.  Zeolit  (Z) dengan 3 taraf yaitu :Z0= tanpa zeolit, Z1  = zeolit 100 g dan Z2 = zeolit 200g.   Pengamatan terhadap: tinggi tanaman (cm), bobot kering tajuk (g), kadar N daun (%), dan kadar P daun (%). Data hasil pengamatan dianalisa menggunakan analisis ragam dan uji Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) pada taraf 5%. Pemberian tanah ultisol dan zeolit pada media gambut dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bibit kakao secara signifikan terutama pada tinggi tanaman, bobot kering tajuk,  kadar N daun dan kadar P daun. Tanah ultisol 25% dan zeolit 200g pada media gambut dapat lebih baik mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bibit kakao.Kata kunci : Gambut,Ultisol, Zeolit, Kakao

scholarly journals NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF SWEETPOTATO CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 489e-489
Author(s):  
E. Niyonsaba ◽  
E. G. Rhoden ◽  
P. K. Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
Gypsum Application

The uptake of nutrients by sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) is critical in determining crop yield. Research was conducted to assess the effects of gypsum application on the nutrient uptake in three sweetpotato cultivars; `Carver II', `Georgia Jet' and `Jewel'. Gypsum application did not influence leaf P content of sweetpotato. However application of 3 tons per acre of gypsum increased leaf N and K content in `Carver II' and `Jewel' at 60 and 90 days after planting. There was a similar increase observed in Ca and Mg content of the leaf. While rate of gypsum did not influence nutrient uptake, date of sampling significantly influenced leaf nutrient concentration. It was noted that leaf K for `Jewel' and Ca for `Carver II' were greatest at 60 days after planting. Overall, Mg content was decreased following the application of gypsum in both `Carver II' and `Georgia Jet' cultivars.

scholarly journals Effect of New Environmentally Friendly Fertilizers in a Commercial Vineyard

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Thomas Thomidis ◽  
Nikitas Karagiannidis ◽  
Constantinos Karagiannidis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
N Content ◽  
P Content ◽  
Commercial Vineyard ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf N

<p>In this study the effectiveness of the environmentally friendly fertilizers AXION RED, BIO.L.A and QUATTRO to improve soil fertility and the nutrition status of vines was examined. Application of above three fertilizers increased significantly the level of organic matter, K, P, Mn and Fe in soil. AXION RED also improved the concentration of Ζn, Β, and Cu. Tissue analyses showed that the leaf P content was significantly increased in the vines treated with the fertilizers in comparison to control in 2012. The fertilizer QUATTRO increased the leaf concentrations of Fe and Mn contents in 2012. It was found that the fertilizer BIO.L.A significantly increased the leaf N content, while the fertilizer QUATTRO increased the leaf B content in 2013. Although there was no statistically difference, the leaf P, K and Fe contents were increased in vines treated with each one of the fertilizers tested.The results also showed that all fertilizers increased the fruit N content in comparison to control. The percentage of fruit rot was significantly higher on bunches treated with each one of the fertilizers tested than the untreated control. Finally, the results of this study showed that only the fertilizer QUATTRO significantly increased the bunch weight in 2012.</p><p>Generally, the above fertilizers improved the nutrition status of vine plants and also improved the soil fertility. However, the increased fruit N content in the grapes treated with each one of the fertilizers increased the susceptibility of fruits to pathogens causing fruit rots and therefore growers should consider its use carefully.</p>

scholarly journals Biological and extrinsic correlates of extinction risk in Chinese lizards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxi Zhong ◽  
Chuanwu Chen ◽  
Yanping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Habitat Specialization ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Extrinsic Factors

Abstract China is a country with one of the most species rich reptile faunas in the world. However, nearly a quarter of Chinese lizard species assessed by the China Biodiversity Red List are threatened. Nevertheless, to date, no study has explicitly examined the pattern and processes of extinction and threat in Chinese lizards. In this study, we conducted the first comparative phylogenetic analysis of extinction risk in Chinese lizards. We addressed the following three questions: 1) What is the pattern of extinction and threat in Chinese lizards? 2) Which species traits and extrinsic factors are related to their extinction risk? 3) How can we protect Chinese lizards based on our results? We collected data on ten species traits (body size, clutch size, geographic range size, activity time, reproductive mode, habitat specialization, habitat use, leg development, maximum elevation, and elevation range) and seven extrinsic factors (mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, mean annual solar insolation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), human footprint, human population density, and human exploitation). After phylogenetic correction, these variables were used separately and in combination to assess their associations with extinction risk. We found that Chinese lizards with small geographic range, large body size, high habitat specialization, and living in high precipitation areas were vulnerable to extinction. Conservation priority should thus be given to species with the above extinction-prone traits so as to effectively protect Chinese lizards. Preventing future habitat destruction should also be a primary focus of management efforts because species with small range size and high habitat specialization are particularly vulnerable to habitat loss.

Changes in phosphorus and nitrogen availability on recessional moraines of the Athabasca Glacier, Alberta

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Fitter ◽  
W. F. J. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Leaf P

Soil pH and concentrations of N and P in leaves of Dryas drummondii were measured on recessional moraines of the Athabasca Glacier, Alberta. Soil pH declined by 0.5 units per 100 years under Dryas but remained steady on bare ground. Water-soluble N and P levels in soil remained low at all stages, but N was higher under Dryas patches. Leaf P and N declined in the early stages of succession but increased later. This increase may represent the initiation of biotic N and P cycles in soil. These patterns contrast with those reported for other moraine successions.

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