Changes in phosphorus and nitrogen availability on recessional moraines of the Athabasca Glacier, Alberta

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Fitter ◽  
W. F. J. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Leaf P

Soil pH and concentrations of N and P in leaves of Dryas drummondii were measured on recessional moraines of the Athabasca Glacier, Alberta. Soil pH declined by 0.5 units per 100 years under Dryas but remained steady on bare ground. Water-soluble N and P levels in soil remained low at all stages, but N was higher under Dryas patches. Leaf P and N declined in the early stages of succession but increased later. This increase may represent the initiation of biotic N and P cycles in soil. These patterns contrast with those reported for other moraine successions.

scholarly journals Vertical distribution of soil nutrients under different land use systems in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Tahsina Sharmin Hoque ◽  
Shafia Afrin ◽  
Israt Jahan ◽  
Md. Joinul Abedin Mian ◽  
Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Land Use Systems

Soil depth can significantly influence the availability of nutrients in soil. An experiment was conducted with seven soil samples from seven land use types to observe the effect of soil depth on soil properties under various land use systems. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, available phosphorus (P), available sulphur (S) and different forms of potassium (K) such as water soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable were determined from the soil samples collected from four soil depths (viz. 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm). Soil pH varied from 6.30-7.39 irrespective of depths and land uses and it increased with increasing soil depth. Electrical conductivity of the soils ranged from 42-310 µS cm-1 and organic matter status of most of the soils was very low to medium in level. Both EC and organic matter content decreased with the increase of soil depth. Available P concentration showed no specific changing trend with soil depth whereas available S concentration under different land use systems decreased with increasing soil depth. The concentrations of water soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K in soils varied from 12.30-39.60, 20.90-53.16 and 163.30-684.30 mg kg-1, respectively and showed no specific changing pattern with soil depth. Water soluble K content was higher in rice growing fertilizer and manure-treated soil but higher exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents were observed in banana growing soil. In rice growing soils, nutrient concentration is mostly higher in nitrogen (N), P and K + farm yard manure (FYM) - treated plots compared to rice growing control plots.

Liming improves soil microbial growth, but trash blanket placement increases labile carbon and nitrogen availability in a sugarcane soil of subtropical Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Y. Liu ◽  
M. Rezaei Rashti ◽  
M. Esfandbod ◽  
B. Powell ◽  
C. R. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial

Liming has been widely used to decrease soil acidity, but its effects on soil nitrogen (N) availability and microbial processes in sugarcane fields are largely unknown. Adjacent sugarcane soils at 26 months after liming (26ML), 14 months after liming (14ML) and with no lime amendment (CK) in Bundaberg, Australia, were selected to investigate the effect of liming on soil N bioavailability and microbial activity in a long-term subtropical sugarcane cropping system. Liming in both 14ML and 26ML treatments significantly increased soil pH (by 1.2–1.4 units) and exchangeable Ca2+ (>2-fold) compared with the CK treatment. The lower concentrations of hot water extractable organic carbon (C) and total N and ammonium-N in the 14ML, compared with the CK and 26ML treatments, can be attributed to the absence of trash blanket placement in the former. Enhanced microbial immobilisation due to improved soil pH by liming (14ML and 26ML treatments) led to increased soil microbial biomass C and N, particularly in the presence of a trash blanket (26 ML treatment), but decreased soil respiration and metabolic quotient indicated that acidic stress conditions were alleviated in the liming treatments. Soil pH was the main factor governing soil enzyme activities, with an overall decrease in all enzyme activities in response to liming. Overall, liming and trash blanket practices improved sugarcane soil fertility. Further study is warranted to investigate the shifts in soil microbial community composition and the diversity and abundance of N-associated functional genes in response to liming in sugarcane fields.

The influence of Pinus radiata, Quercus suber, and improved pasture on soil chemical properties

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Noble ◽  
I. P. Little ◽  
P. J. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Quercus Suber ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Permanent Pasture

Soil acidification and related land degradation issues are assuming increasing importance in Australia and challenging the concept of sustainability of current land management systems. In this study, the impacts of tree plantations of 2 species and permanent pasture on soil chemical properties are compared. Soil samples were collected from the top 50 cm (0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–20, 20–30, and 30–50 cm depths) from 3 adjacent sites carrying pasture and monocultures of Pinus radiata (radiata pine) and Quercus suber (cork oak) on a deep-surfaced yellow podzolic soil, and differences in soil pH and other soil chemical properties were examined. In the surface 0–5 cm, pH was similar at all 3 sites. Below that depth, soil pH was significantly lower and exchangeable Al greater under the cork oak stand than at the other 2 sites. Consistent with a decrease in soil pH there was significantly less exchangeable Ca under cork oak. Also, less clay was observed under the cork oak stand and this is taken as evidence of the degradational impact of soil acidification. An estimate of Ca in the top 50 cm of the soil implies considerable loss of Ca under oak, probably by leaching and loss of litter down the slope. Evidence is presented to show that there has been more Fe and Al movement under oak than under pasture and pine, this being ascribed in part to the greater Al and Fe mobilising capacity of the water-soluble component extracted from freshly fallen leaf litter of oak. The Fe and Al composition of the oxalate extract from concretionary material at 10–30 cm under oak is consistent with a process similar to podzolisation. Pseudogleying of Fe and Al may have accompanied the leaching of bases from the system and a reduction of pH.

Effects of calcium carbonate and ammonium sulphate on manganese toxicity in an acid soil

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Siman ◽  
FW Crodock ◽  
PJ Nicholls ◽  
HC Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Manganese Toxicity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
Linear Relationships

The effects of increasing rates of lime and ammonium sulphate on French beans were studied on an acid red basaltic soil (pH 4.5-4.8), rich in manganese, on the north coast of New South Wales. Addition of lime resulted in an increased plant yield, a higher soil pH, and a marked reduction in available soil manganese and plant manganese. Applications of 2 or more tons lime per acre corrected manganese toxicity. Ammonium sulphate applications acidified the soil, increased manganese levels in both soil and plant tissue, and increased the frequency of manganese toxicity symptoms at less than 2 tons lime per acre. At pH 4.7-4.8, exchangeable and water-soluble manganese levels were sensitive to slight changes in reaction. Changes in pH between 5.2 and 6.0 caused only slight alterations in manganese levels in soil and plants. Two tons lime per acre reduced the level of manganese in the soil to about half that in the untreated soil, whereas 3 tons lime was necessary to halve the level of manganese in plants. Close linear relationships were found between rates of lime application and pH, between exchangeable and water-soluble manganese, and between both water-soluble and exchangeable soil manganese and plant manganese. Hyperbolic relationships were found between lime and manganese in soil and plants and also between pH and manganese fractions. Toxic levels of manganese in soil and leaves varied seasonally and yearly, and symptoms usually appeared when the manganese content of the first mature leaves was greater than 600 p.p.m. in the winter crop. Symptoms were more closely related to high levels of plant manganese than to soil manganese. The results of this trial indicate that soil and plant analyses are useful for predicting manganese toxicity in acid soils.

scholarly journals Plant-availability of soil and fertilizer zinc in cultivated soils of Finland

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-270
Author(s):  
Markku Yli-Halla
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Cultivated Soils

The Zn status of cultivated soils of Finland was investigated by chemical analyses and bioassays. The effect on ryegrass of different Zn fertilizers and Zn rates was studied in pot experiments and their effect on barley and timothy in field experiments. In an uncontaminated surface soil material of 72 mineral soils and 34 organogenic soils, total Zn (Zntot) was 10.3-202 mg kg-1(median 66 mg kg-1). In mineral soils, Zntot correlated positively with clay content (r = 0.81***) and in organogenic soils negatively with organic C (r = -0.53***). Zinc bound by organic matter and sesquioxides was sequentially extracted by 0.1 M K4P2O7 (Znpy) and 0.05 M oxalate at pH 2.9 (Znox), respectively. The sum Znpy + Znox, a measure of secondary Zn potentially available to plants, was 2 - 88% of Zntot and was the lowest in clay (median 5%) and highest in peat soils (median 49%). Water-soluble and exchangeable Zn consisted of0.3 - 37% (median 3%) of Zntot, the percentage being higher in acid soils, particularly in peat soils. Zinc was also extracted by 0.5 M ammonium acetate - 0,5 M acetic acid - 0.02 M Na2-EDTA at pH 4.65 (ZnAC), the method used in soil testing in Finland. The quantities of ZnAC (median 2.9 mg dm-3, range 0.6 - 29.9 mg dm-3) averaged 50% and 75% of Znpy + Znox in mineral and organogenic soils, respectively, and correlated closely with Znpy. In soil profiles, ZnAC was with few exceptions higher in the plough layer (0 - 20 cm) than in the subsoil (30 - 100 cm). In an intensive pot experiment on 107 surface soils, four crops of ryegrass took up 2 - 68% (median 26%)of Znpy + Znox. The plant-available Zn reserves were not exhausted even though in a few peat soils the Zn supply to grass decreased over time. Variation of Zn uptake was quite accurately explained by ZnAC but increasing pH had a negative impact on Zn uptake. Application of Zn (10 mg dm-3 of soil as ZnSO4 * 7 H2O) did not give rise to yield increases. In mineral soils, increase of plant Zn concentration correlated negatively with soil pH while ZnAC was of secondary importance. In those organogenic soils in which the reserves of native Zn were the most effectively utilized, plant Zn concentration also responded most strongly to applied Zn. In two 2-year field experiments, Zn application did not increase timothy or barley yields. Zinc concentration of timothy increased from 30 mg kg-1 to 33 and 36 mg kg-1 when 3 or 6 kg Zn ha-1 was applied, respectively. The efficiency of ZnSO4 * 7 H2O alone did not differ from that of a fertilizer where ZnSO4 * 7H20 was granulated with gypsum. Zinc concentration of barley grains increased by foliar sprays of Na2Zn-EDTA but only a marginal response to soil-applied Zn (4.8 or 5.4 kg ha-1 over three years) was detected in three 3-year experiments. High applications of Zn to soil (15 or 30 kg ha-1 as ZnSO4 * 7H2O) were required to increase Zn concentration of barley markedly. In order to prevent undue accumulation of fertilizer Zn in soil, it is proposed that Zn fertilizer recommendations for field crops should be based on both soil pH and ZnAC. In slightly acid and neutral soils, even if poor in Zn, response of plant Zn concentration to applied Zn remains small while there is a high response in strongly acid soils.

scholarly journals Fractionation, Characterization and Speciation of Lead in the Industrially Polluted Soils of Tejgaon Area of Bangladesh and Lead Pollution of Associated Plants and Water

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
MN Mondol ◽  
AS Chamon ◽  
B Faiz ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
SF Elahi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Soil Fractions ◽  
Tolerable Level

The Tejgaon industrial area is located within the Dhaka Municipality area and about 5 km north of the city centre. At Tejgaon soil pH was around neutrality (mean 6.73) although the minimum value was 5.3 and the maximum 7.6. High buffering capacity resulting from high soil organic matter content (4.87-11.55%) probably influenced soil pH to a neutral value. Electrical conductivity (EC) (25-551 μS), organic matter (OM) (4.87-11.55%) and nitrogen (N) contents were also influenced by the industrial wastes and effluents of the factories. The average Pb concentrations (mg/kg) in different soil fractions were 7.80, 21.85, 56.15 and 130.29 and 11.42, 20.27, 40.33 and 95.08 in water-soluble, NH4OAc extractable, DTPA ( Dietheline-Triamine-Penta-Acetic acid) extractable and total fractions during dry (January) and rainy seasons (September) respectively. Comparing 1st (rainy season) and 2nd (dry season) sampling data, Pb concentrations in different soil fractions were higher in the 2nd sampling data. Concentration of total Pb in soils during 1st sampling were found above the natural background level with few exceptions. Only 4% of total Pb (=20 mg kg-1) samples were in the normal range during wet season. Lead concentration in the group of tolerable level was 58% (>20-<=100 mg kg-1) and 38% (>=100 mg kg-1) were found in the group of in excess of tolerable level during 1st sampling. On the other hand 62.5% (>=100 mg kg-1) were found in the group of in excess of tolerable level (0.01 mg kg-1 Pb) during dry season. In case of water samples, total Pb concentration in the rainy season, all samples were found in the group of in excess of tolerable level during 1st sampling. Plant samples were found to contain untolerable total Pb (>20 mg kg-1) during rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Key words: Speciation; Tejgaon soil; Industrial area; Lead. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i3.9032 BJSIR 2011; 46(3): 277-290

The effect of stage of growth on the copper, zinc, manganese, and molybdenum contents of Algerian oats grown of thirteen soils

1952 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Williams ◽  
CWE Moore
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Copper Zinc

Algerian oats were grown on 13 soils in the glass-house. Plants were harvested at intervals throughout the growing period, and when large enough were divided into leaf, stem, and (in later harvests) flowers or fruits. Copper, zinc, manganese, and molybdenum were determined on the separate plant fractions. Characteristic changes in the trace metal contents of the plant with growth were found for each element. These changes were generally similar irrespective of the soil on which the plants were grown. With the exception of manganese, the availability of the element in the soil did not affect the trend of the changes as the plant matured, but only the amount present. The uptake of each of the four elements continued through the whole period of growth. The total amounts of copper and zinc in both the leaf and the stem decreased after flowering as translocation to the grain proceeded. The amount of manganese in the leaf increased throughout the period of growth, although the rate of increase was less after flowering. The amount of molybdenum in the leaf increased until flowering, after which there was little further change. The rate of uptake of manganese was approximately equal to the rate of production of dry matter, whereas that of molybdenum, copper, and zinc was relatively greater in the early stages of growth. There was no observable influence of soil pH on the availability of copper and zinc, but that of manganese decreased with increasing pH. The availability of molybdenum was affected by the combined influences of soil pH and soil iron.

LABORATORY AND GREENHOUSE STUDIES ON EFFECT OF LIME AND OTHER AMENDMENTS ON WATER-SOLUBLE BORON IN SOIL

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Bishop ◽  
R. L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Boron Content ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were used to study the effect of various soil amendments on the water-soluble boron content of a strongly acid soil.In the greenhouse, using ladino clover as the test crop, liming reduced boron availability as measured by soil and plant analysis. Calcium-boron ratios in the clover ranged from approximately 550:1 to 2000:1 and there was a significant correlation between the water-soluble boron in the soil and the boron content of the clover.In the laboratory studies calcium and magnesium carbonates were equally effective in decreasing water-soluble boron in soil. Gypsum was ineffective. Manure or alfalfa hay increased the water-soluble boron content of soil in proportion to the amounts applied. Applications of sodium hydroxide, resulting in a range of soil pH values from 4.82 to 9.72, were accompanied by decreases in water-soluble boron until a pH of approximately 8.0 was reached. Above this point water-soluble boron increased. At comparable pH values of approximately 7.0 or less, sodium hydroxide caused a smaller reduction in water-soluble boron than did either calcium or magnesium carbonate.

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