Interactive effect of climate warming and nitrogen deposition may shift the dynamics of native and invasive species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Qian Ren ◽  
Chris B Zou ◽  
Ling-Yun Wan ◽  
Jacob H Johnson ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
N Availability ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Artemisia Argyi ◽  
Species Dynamics

Abstract Aims Projections of invasive species expansion under a warmer world often do not explicitly consider the concurring nitrogen (N) deposition. It remains largely unknown how the convoluted effect of climate warming and N deposition will shift the native and invasive species dynamics. Here, we hypothesize that the concurring increases in N and temperature would promote growth of invasive species greater than that of native species. Methods A controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted to quantify the growth response of an invasive species (Solidago canadensis L.) and a co-existing native species (Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van) under the effects of climate warming, N deposition and their interactions. Important Findings Due to the strong positive effect of N addition, the interactive effect of temperature increase and N addition resulted in an overall significant increase in growth of both invasive and native species, demonstrating that these manipulations may make microhabitats more favorable to plant growth. However, the relative increases in biomass, height and diameter of invasive S. canadensis were significantly lower than those of native A. argyi. This suggests that the vegetative growth superiority of invasive S. canadensis over the native species A. argyi is reduced by the enhanced N availability in the warmer world. Therefore, the inclusion of N deposition may mitigate the projection of invasive species S. canadensis expansion under climate warming.

Elevated nitrogen deposition may advance invasive weed, Solidago canadensis, in calcareous soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 846-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Yun Wan ◽  
Shan-Shan Qi ◽  
Chris B Zou ◽  
Zhi-Cong Dai ◽  
Guang-Qian Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Availability ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Solidago Canadensis ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
P Acquisition

Abstract Aims Change in nitrogen (N) availability regulates phosphorus (P) acquisition and potentially alters the competition among native species and invasive weeds. This study determines how current and projected N deposition affect the growth, the intraspecific and interspecific competitive ability of native and invasive plants in calcareous soils with low P availability. Methods A controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted using sparingly soluble hydroxyapatite (HAP) to simulate the calcareous soils with low P availability. The growth and competitive intensity between an invasive weed (Solidago canadensis) and a native weed (Pterocypsela laciniata) exposed to two levels of N addition representative of current and future N deposition in China were experimentally determined. Important Findings P acquisition and the growth of both S. canadensis and P. laciniata growing alone significantly increased with increasing N level. However, the effect of N addition was reduced when intraspecific or interspecific competition existed. N addition altered the competitive relationship between S. canadensis and P. laciniata allowing S. canadensis to out-compete P. laciniata due to variation in P acquisition from HAP. Elevated N deposition might assist the invasion of S. canadensis in the widely distributed calcareous soils under environmental changes.

scholarly journals Response of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions to moss removal and N addition in boreal peatland of northeast China

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4809-4816 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Meng ◽  
C. C. Song ◽  
Y. Q. Miao ◽  
R. Mao ◽  
X. W. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
N Availability ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
Hinggan Mountain

Abstract. Boreal peatlands are an important natural source of atmospheric methane (CH4). Recently, boreal peatlands have been experiencing increased nitrogen (N) availability and decreased moss production. However, little is known about the interactive effect of moss and N availability on CH4 emissions in boreal peatlands. In this study, the effects of moss removal and N addition (6 g N m−2 yr−1) on CH4 emissions were examined during the growing seasons of 2011, 2012 and 2013 in a boreal peatland in the Great Hinggan Mountain of northeast China. Notably, the response of CH4 emissions to moss removal and N addition varied with experimental duration. Moss removal and N addition did not affect CH4 emissions in 2011 and 2012, but respectively reduced CH4 emissions by 50% and 66% in 2013. However, moss removal and N addition did not produce an interactive effect on CH4 emissions. Consequently, moss removal plus N addition had no effect on CH4 emissions in 2011 and 2012, but decreased CH4 emissions by 68% in 2013. These results suggest that the effects of moss removal and N enrichment on CH4 emissions are time-dependent in boreal peatlands, and also imply that increased N availability and decreased moss growth would independently inhibit CH4 emissions in the boreal peatlands of northeast China.

scholarly journals Frequency and intensity of nitrogen addition alter soil inorganic sulfur fractions, but the effects vary with mowing management in a temperate steppe

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2891-2904
Author(s):  
Tianpeng Li ◽  
Heyong Liu ◽  
Ruzhen Wang ◽  
Xiao-Tao Lü ◽  
Junjie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
N Availability ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Organic S ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
N Input ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Abstract. Sulfur (S) availability plays a vital role in driving functions of terrestrial ecosystems, which can be largely affected by soil inorganic S fractions and pool size. Enhanced nitrogen (N) input can significantly affect soil S availability, but it still remains largely unknown if the N effect varies with frequency of N addition and mowing management in grasslands. To investigate changes in the soil S pool and inorganic S fractions (soluble S, adsorbed S, available S, and insoluble S), we conducted a field experiment with different frequencies (two times per year vs. monthly additions per year) and intensities (i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 50 g N m−2 yr−1) of NH4NO3 addition and mowing (unmown vs. mown) over 6 years in a temperate grassland of northern China. Generally, N addition frequency, N intensity, and mowing significantly interacted with each other to affect most of the inorganic S fractions. Specifically, a significant increase in soluble S was only found at high N frequency with the increasing intensity of N addition. Increasing N addition intensity enhanced adsorbed S and available S concentrations at low N frequency in unmown plots; however, both fractions were significantly increased with N intensity at both N frequencies in mown plots. The high frequency of N addition increased the concentrations of adsorbed S and available S in comparison to the low frequency of N addition only in mown plots. Changes in soil S fractions were mainly related to soil pH, N availability, soil organic carbon (SOC), and plant S uptake. Our results suggested that N input could temporarily replenish soil-available S by promoting dissolution of soil-insoluble S with decreasing soil pH and mineralization of organic S due to increasing plant S uptake. However, the significant decrease in organic S and total S concentrations with N addition intensity in mown plots indicated that N addition together with biomass removal would eventually cause soil S depletion in this temperate grassland in the long term. Our results further indicated that using large and infrequent N additions to simulate N deposition can overestimate the main effects of N deposition and mowing management on soil S availability in semiarid grasslands.

Relationship between fire frequency and nitrogen limitation on foliage production in a native grassland community in Victoria, Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
N Availability ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Grassland Community ◽  
Native Grasslands ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Western Victoria

The relationship between fire frequency (annual v. infrequent) and nitrogen (N) limitation to foliage production in a temperate native grassland community in western Victoria, Australia, was assessed over one growing season using a simple ammonium nitrate addition experiment. Fire history affected the magnitude of the vegetation responses to N addition. At the community level, mean live biomass in infrequently-burned grasslands declined by 20 ± 8% in response to N addition. In contrast, mean biomass increased by 60 ± 15% in annually-burned grasslands in response to N addition. Both grasses and forbs responded positively to N addition in annually-burned grasslands, with forbs responding more substantially than grasses. Foliage production in annually-burned native grasslands therefore appears to be constrained by N availability. The results of this study may have important implications for understanding species coexistence and invasion by non-native species in temperate native grasslands.

Fate of atmospheric nitrogen depositions in two Italian temperate mountain forests assessed by isotopic analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Da Ros ◽  
Maurizio Ventura ◽  
Mirco Rodeghiero ◽  
Damiano Gianelle ◽  
Giustino Tonon
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
N Availability ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Total N ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Soil And Water

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract.&lt;/strong&gt; Forests ability to store carbon is strongly connected with the amount of nitrogen (N) that forest ecosystems can retain; N is indeed considered the most limiting nutrient for terrestrial ecosystem's net primary productivity. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have more than doubled the rate of N input into the nitrogen cycle and this could alleviate N limitation thus stimulating plant growth. However, it has been suggested that when N availability exceeds biotic demand and abiotic sinks, additional N can trigger a negative cascade effect: nutrient imbalance, reduced productivity, increased losses of N, eutrophication and acidification of soil and water, leading toward forest decline and net greenhouse gases emissions. The consequences of increased N deposition on forest depend in large share on the fate of N in the ecosystem, which can be simulated and quantified by a fertilization at a known isotopic signature. Nevertheless, most of the tracer experiments performed so far added the fertilizer directly to the forest floor, neglecting the potential role of N uptake by the forest canopy. In the Italian Alps, we are conducting an experiment where both types of N additions (above and below the canopy layer) are performed in two different forest stands, to understand if canopy fertilization better simulates ecological consequences of increased atmospheric N deposition. These field-scale manipulation experiments are willing to test two different hypotheses: i) the N uptake by trees in the above-canopy N addition experimental sites is higher than under-canopy N addition ii) forest growth rate varies with the type of treatment. To describe the fate of the applied N, stable isotope techniques have been adopted: the forest sites, fertilized with NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; at a known isotopic signature, are sampled for all the ecosystem components (plant, soil and water) periodically to determine the total N content and its isotopic signature. The &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;N values permit to calculate the recovery of N-fertilizer in tree tissues, soil and leaching-water, allowing us to understand how N allocation varies under these two fertilization strategies and how this affects C sequestration potential. Results regarding the short-term effects over the first 6 years of data collection will be presented.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Invasion Impact and Biotic Resistance by Invertebrate Communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Habteab Tsegai Habtom
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
Argentine Ants ◽  
Arthropod Species

<p>Invasive species have been recognized as one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity and can have dire economic consequences. Yet rates of invasion are increasing due to the fast and growing network of transportation across the globe. The establishment, spread and impact of invasive species are affected by environmental conditions as well as resident species. Species respond differently to the same abiotic factors and different native species can respond either positively or negatively to invasion. The interaction between invasive and resident species, as well as the effect of temperature on invasive species, has gained much attention. The synergistic effect of suboptimal temperature and biotic resistance could have a much stronger limiting or controlling effect on invasive species than either factor alone. Linepithema humile (Argentine ants) are invasive species originally from a Mediterranean climate, but successfully spreading into extra range habitats. The establishment and spread of these ants in temperate New Zealand represents an ideal model system for studying invasion biology in terms of temperature limits and biotic resistance effects. I investigated the changing distribution of the invasive species the Argentine ants over multiple years at five sites in New Zealand. To test whether their rate of spread corresponds with microclimate I investigated their fine-scare distribution patterns and evaluated the number of generations they may develop seasonally and annually in different microhabitat types. I also evaluated their impact on other arthropod species. I conducted a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effect of temperature on their aggression towards other species, walking speed, and foraging abundance. Similarly, I tested the effect of biotic resistance from other ant species (Monomorium antarcticum and Prolasius advenus) with varying colony sizes. I investigated whether there was any interactive effect of temperature and biotic resistance on the Argentine ants. The distribution of Argentine ants had declined across many invasion fronts over the past 7-8 years. They were more likely to be found in concrete, short grass and sandy habitats, which provide warm microsites. Degree-day calculations predicted that they could develop between 2.5 to 3 generations in each of the above microhabitats per year in urban and rural sites while they were predicted to be unable to develop one generation under tree habitats. In tall grass microhabitats they were predicted to develop between 1-1.5 generations per year. The Argentine ants were hypothesised to adversely affect many other arthropod species. Richness and abundance of resident beetle species were negatively correlated with the invasion of the Argentine ants. Areas invaded by the Argentine ants were also associated with a greater number of exotic beetle species, which may imply secondary invasion. Laboratory experiments showed that lowering temperatures below 17°C negatively affected the Argentine ants‟ walking speed, foraging abundance, aggression and their resource control. A high colony size of M. antarcticum (the competing ant species) affected the foraging success of Argentine ants, and the effect was stronger when coupled with unsuitable temperature (17°C and below). Therefore, Argentine ants are weak competitors at low temperature levels. The results of my thesis underline the importance of biotic and abiotic resistances, their interactive effect as well as the effect of the Argentine ants on other species. Based on climatic considerations and the habitat preferences of resident species it may be possible to predict future spread of the Argentine ants. More importantly, knowledge of microhabitat preferences and biotic resistance may help future control measures against Argentine ants based on management of vegetation structure and microhabitat availability.</p>

scholarly journals Response of CH<sub>4</sub> emission to moss removal and N addition in boreal peatland of Northeast China

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 3365-3385 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Meng ◽  
C. C. Song ◽  
Y. Q. Miao ◽  
R. Mao ◽  
X. W. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
N Loading

Abstract. Boreal peatlands are an important natural source of atmospheric methane (CH4). Recently, boreal peatlands have been experiencing increased nitrogen (N) input and decreased moss production. However, little is known about the interactive effect of moss and N availability on CH4 emission in boreal peatlands. In this study, the effects of moss removal and N addition (6 g N m−2 yr−1) on CH4 emission were examined during the growing seasons of 2011 to 2013 in a boreal peatland in the Great Hinggan Mountain of Northeast China. Notably, the response of CH4 emission to moss removal and N addition varied with experimental duration. Moss removal and N addition did not affect CH4 emission in 2011 and 2012, but respectively declined CH4 emission by 50% and 66% in 2013. However, moss removal and N addition did not produce an interactive effect on CH4 emission. Specifically, moss removal plus N addition had no effect on CH4 emission in 2011 and 2012, but decreased CH4 emission by 68% in 2013. These results suggest that the effects of moss removal and N enrichment on CH4 emission are time-dependent in boreal peatlands, and also imply that increased N loading and decreased moss growth would independently inhibit CH4 emission in the boreal peatlands of Northeast China.

scholarly journals Invasion Impact and Biotic Resistance by Invertebrate Communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Habteab Tsegai Habtom
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
Argentine Ants ◽  
Arthropod Species

<p>Invasive species have been recognized as one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity and can have dire economic consequences. Yet rates of invasion are increasing due to the fast and growing network of transportation across the globe. The establishment, spread and impact of invasive species are affected by environmental conditions as well as resident species. Species respond differently to the same abiotic factors and different native species can respond either positively or negatively to invasion. The interaction between invasive and resident species, as well as the effect of temperature on invasive species, has gained much attention. The synergistic effect of suboptimal temperature and biotic resistance could have a much stronger limiting or controlling effect on invasive species than either factor alone. Linepithema humile (Argentine ants) are invasive species originally from a Mediterranean climate, but successfully spreading into extra range habitats. The establishment and spread of these ants in temperate New Zealand represents an ideal model system for studying invasion biology in terms of temperature limits and biotic resistance effects. I investigated the changing distribution of the invasive species the Argentine ants over multiple years at five sites in New Zealand. To test whether their rate of spread corresponds with microclimate I investigated their fine-scare distribution patterns and evaluated the number of generations they may develop seasonally and annually in different microhabitat types. I also evaluated their impact on other arthropod species. I conducted a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effect of temperature on their aggression towards other species, walking speed, and foraging abundance. Similarly, I tested the effect of biotic resistance from other ant species (Monomorium antarcticum and Prolasius advenus) with varying colony sizes. I investigated whether there was any interactive effect of temperature and biotic resistance on the Argentine ants. The distribution of Argentine ants had declined across many invasion fronts over the past 7-8 years. They were more likely to be found in concrete, short grass and sandy habitats, which provide warm microsites. Degree-day calculations predicted that they could develop between 2.5 to 3 generations in each of the above microhabitats per year in urban and rural sites while they were predicted to be unable to develop one generation under tree habitats. In tall grass microhabitats they were predicted to develop between 1-1.5 generations per year. The Argentine ants were hypothesised to adversely affect many other arthropod species. Richness and abundance of resident beetle species were negatively correlated with the invasion of the Argentine ants. Areas invaded by the Argentine ants were also associated with a greater number of exotic beetle species, which may imply secondary invasion. Laboratory experiments showed that lowering temperatures below 17°C negatively affected the Argentine ants‟ walking speed, foraging abundance, aggression and their resource control. A high colony size of M. antarcticum (the competing ant species) affected the foraging success of Argentine ants, and the effect was stronger when coupled with unsuitable temperature (17°C and below). Therefore, Argentine ants are weak competitors at low temperature levels. The results of my thesis underline the importance of biotic and abiotic resistances, their interactive effect as well as the effect of the Argentine ants on other species. Based on climatic considerations and the habitat preferences of resident species it may be possible to predict future spread of the Argentine ants. More importantly, knowledge of microhabitat preferences and biotic resistance may help future control measures against Argentine ants based on management of vegetation structure and microhabitat availability.</p>

Increased precipitation magnifies the effects of N addition on performance of invasive plants in subtropical native communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Qin Li ◽  
Sai-Chun Tang ◽  
Yu-Mei Pan ◽  
Chun-Qiang Wei ◽  
Shi-Hong Lü
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Native Communities

Abstract Aims Nitrogen (N) deposition, precipitation and their interaction affect plant invasions in temperate ecosystems with limiting N and water resources, but whether and how they affect plant invasions in subtropical native communities with abundant N and precipitation remains unclear. Methods We constructed in situ artificial communities with 12 common native plant species in a subtropical system and introduced four common invasive plant species and their native counterparts to these communities. We compared plant growth and establishment of introduced invasive species and native counterparts in communities exposed to ambient (CK), N addition (N+), increased precipitation (P+) and N addition plus increased precipitation (P+N+). We also investigated the density and aboveground biomass of communities under such conditions. Important Findings P+ alone did not enhance the performance of invasive species or native counterparts. N+ enhanced only the aboveground biomass and relative density of invasive species. P+N+ enhanced the growth and establishment performance of both invasive species and native counterparts. Most growth and establishment parameters of invasive species were greater than those of native counterparts under N+, P+ and P+N+ conditions. The density and aboveground biomass of native communities established by invasive species were significantly lower than those of native communities established by native counterparts under P+N+ conditions. These results suggest that P+ may magnify the effects of N+ on performance of invasive species in subtropical native communities where N and water are often abundant, which may help to understand the effect of global change on plant invasion in subtropical ecosystems.

Plant phenols contents and their changes with nitrogen availability in peatlands of northeastern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-721
Author(s):  
Di Wu ◽  
Xian-Wei Wang ◽  
Shi-Qi Xu ◽  
Chong-Juan Chen ◽  
Rong Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
Leaf N

Abstract Aims Climate warming and increasing nitrogen (N) deposition have influenced plant nutrient status and thus plant carbon (C) fixation and vegetation composition in boreal peatlands. Phenols, which are secondary metabolites in plants for defense and adaptation, also play important roles in regulating peatland C dynamics due to their anti-decomposition properties. However, how the phenolic levels of different functional types of plants vary depending on nutrient availability remain unclear in boreal peatlands. Methods Here, we investigated total phenols contents (TPC) and total tannins contents in leaves of 11 plant species in 18 peatlands of the Great Hing’an Mountains area in northeastern China, and examined their variations with leaf N and phosphorus (P) and underlying mechanisms. Important Findings Shrubs had higher TPC than graminoids, indicating less C allocation to defense and less uptake of organic N in faster-growing and nonmycorrhizal graminoids than in slower-growing and mycorrhizal shrubs. For shrubs, leaf TPC decreased with increasing N contents but was not influenced by changing leaf phosphorus (P) contents, which suggested that shrubs would reduce the C investment for defense with increasing N availability. Differently, leaf TPC of graminoids increased with leaf N contents and decreased with leaf P contents. As graminoids are more N-limited and less P-limited, we inferred that graminoids would increase the defensive C investment under increased nutrient availability. We concluded that shrubs would invest more C in growth than in defense with increasing N availability, but it was just opposite for graminoids, which might be an important mechanism to explain the resource competition and encroachment of shrubs in boreal peatlands in the context of climate warming and ever-increasing N deposition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document