Effects of clonal integration, nutrients and cadmium on growth of the aquatic macrophyte Pistia stratiotes

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-772
Author(s):  
Michael Opoku Adomako ◽  
Peter Alpert ◽  
Dao-Lin Du ◽  
Fei-Hai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Clonal Integration ◽  
Final Mass

Abstract Aims Many wetlands are polluted with both nutrients and toxic metals and vegetated largely by clonal plants. We hypothesized that eutrophication and clonal integration can increase phytoremediation of toxic metal pollution by increasing plant growth, even under the stress imposed by toxicity. Methods To test this hypothesis, single ramets of the common, widespread, floating, stoloniferous plant Pistia stratiotes L., were grown for 42 days at two levels of nutrient availability with and without 0.6 mg L−1 cadmium. Ramets were either severed from their vegetative offspring to prevent clonal integration or left connected, and severed offspring were either removed to eliminate intraclonal competition or left in place. Important Findings Plants subjected to cadmium addition accumulated almost twice as much dry mass if given the higher nutrient level, due mainly to a doubling of the number of clonal offspring. Severance had little effect on the final mass of the parent plus offspring ramets. Removing offspring following severance had no effect on the final mass of the parental ramet in the presence of added cadmium, but it did increase the final mass of the parent in the absence of cadmium. These results support the hypothesis that eutrophication can increase remediation of toxic metal pollution by aquatic macrophytes but provided no evidence that clonal integration can affect remediation. Species such as P. stratiotes may help remediate co-pollution of wetlands with toxic metals and nutrients, and fragmentation of clones may not affect their remediation capacity.

scholarly journals Effects of fragmentation of clones compound over vegetative generations in the floating plant Pistia stratiotes

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Michael Opoku Adomako ◽  
Peter Alpert ◽  
Dao-Lin Du ◽  
Fei-Hai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Physiological Integration ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Resource Levels

Abstract Background and Aims Clonal plants dominate many plant communities, especially in aquatic systems, and clonality appears to promote invasiveness and to affect how diversity changes in response to disturbance and resource availability. Understanding how the special physiological and morphological properties of clonal growth lead to these ecological effects depends upon studying the long-term consequences of clonal growth properties across vegetative generations, but this has rarely been done. This study aimed to show how a key clonal property, physiological integration between connected ramets within clones, affects the response of clones to disturbance and resources in an aquatic, invasive, dominant species across multiple generations. Methods Single, parental ramets of the floating stoloniferous plant Pistia stratiotes were grown for 3 weeks, during which they produced two or three generations of offspring; connections between new ramets were cut or left intact. Individual offspring were then used as parents in a second 3-week iteration that crossed fragmentation with previous fragmentation in the first iteration. A third iteration yielded eight treatment combinations, zero to three rounds of fragmentation at different times in the past. The experiment was run once at a high and once at a low level of nutrients. Results In each iteration, fragmentation increased biomass of the parental ramet, decreased biomass of the offspring and increased number of offspring. These effects persisted and compounded from one iteration to another, though more recent fragmentation had stronger effects, and were stronger at the low than at the high nutrient level. Fragmentation did not affect net accumulation of mass by groups after one iteration but increased it after two iterations at low nutrients, and after three iterations at both nutrient levels. Conclusions Both the positive and negative effects of fragmentation on clonal performance can compound and persist over time and can be stronger when resource levels are lower. Even when fragmentation has no short-term net effect on clonal performance, it can have a longer-term effect. In some cases, fragmentation may increase total accumulation of mass by a clone. The results provide the first demonstration of how physiological integration in clonal plants can affect fitness across generations and suggest that increased disturbance may promote invasion of introduced clonal species via effects on integration, perhaps especially at lower nutrient levels.

scholarly journals Toxic Metal Implications on Agricultural Soils, Plants, Animals, Aquatic life and Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchenna Okereafor ◽  
Mamookho Makhatha ◽  
Lukhanyo Mekuto ◽  
Nkemdinma Uche-Okereafor ◽  
Tendani Sebola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Water Plants

The problem of environmental pollution is a global concern as it affects the entire ecosystem. There is a cyclic revolution of pollutants from industrial waste or anthropogenic sources into the environment, farmlands, plants, livestock and subsequently humans through the food chain. Most of the toxic metal cases in Africa and other developing nations are a result of industrialization coupled with poor effluent disposal and management. Due to widespread mining activities in South Africa, pollution is a common site with devastating consequences on the health of animals and humans likewise. In recent years, talks on toxic metal pollution had taken center stage in most scientific symposiums as a serious health concern. Very high levels of toxic metals have been reported in most parts of South African soils, plants, animals and water bodies due to pollution. Toxic metals such as Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Aluminium (Al), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Arsenic (As) are major mining effluents from tailings which contaminate both the surface and underground water, soil and food, thus affecting biological function, endocrine systems and growth. Environmental toxicity in livestock is traceable to pesticides, agrochemicals and toxic metals. In this review, concerted efforts were made to condense the information contained in literature regarding toxic metal pollution and its implications in soil, water, plants, animals, marine life and human health.

Phytoremediation of Chromium and Lead Using Water Lettuce Pistia stratiotes L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 2071-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Qing Zhou ◽  
Shu Ying Li ◽  
Yun Dong Shi ◽  
Wei Lv ◽  
Tai Bo Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Chromium Removal ◽  
Water Lettuce ◽  
Metal Solution

Heavy metal pollution of water is of concern for human health and ecosystem. Under present investigation Pistia stratiotes L. (water lettuce) has been tested for removal of two important heavy metals chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) from metal solution. This species was grown at four concentrations of Cr and Pb, i.e. 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 mg/L, respectively in single metal solution. This aquatic macrophyte has successfully removed up to 80% of Cr and 93% of Pb after 10 days. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value ranged between 299 and 1026 for Cr and between 1672 and 1852 for Pb, respectively. The amount of BCF in Pistia stratiotes showed that removal of Pb was higher than removal of Cr. The accumulation of heavy metals was more obvious in the roots as compared to leaves. These findings contribute to the application of aquatic macrophytes to lead and chromium removal from moderately contaminated waters.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Freshwater Macrophytes for Treating Dye-Containing Wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Karunakaran Gowri Ahila ◽  
Balasubramani Ravindran ◽  
Vasanthy Muthunarayanan ◽  
Dinh Duc Nguyen ◽  
Xuan Cuong Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Dyeing Effluent

Phytoremediation is a promising green technology for the remediation of various industrial effluents. Notably, aquatic plants are widely applied to remove dyes and toxic metals from polluted environments. In the present study, the phytoremediation potency of aquatic macrophytes such as Pistia stratiotes L, Salvinia adnata Desv, and Hydrilla verticillata (L.f) Royle were assessed based on the removal capability of pollutants from dyeing effluent. Physicochemical characterizations were carried out for industrial wastewater collected from a cotton material dyeing unit located in the Karur District of Tamilnadu, India. The physicochemical characteristics of the dyeing effluent, such as color, odor, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, acidity, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, chemical oxygen demand (COD), fluoride, and toxic metal levels were determined. The core parameters such as total dissolved solid (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and chloride level were determined and found to be 6500 mg/L, 2400 mg/L, and 2050 mg/L, respectively, which exceeded the regulatory limit prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board of India. The levels of toxic metals such as Hg, Ni, and Zn were under the acceptable concentration but Cr and Pb levels in the dyeing effluent were a little bit higher. The effluent was subjected to treatment with Pistia stratiotes L, Salvinia adnata Desv and Hydrilla verticillata (L.f) Royle separately. After the treatment, the toxic metal results were recorded as below detectable levels and the same results were obtained for all three aquatic plants samples used for treatment. Among the three plants, P. stratiotes L efficiently removed 86% of color, 66% of TDS, 77% of COD, and 61.33% of chloride. The variation in phytochemicals of the macrophytes was studied before and after treatment using GC–MS which revealed the reduction of ascorbic acid in the plant samples. The toxic effect of treated effluent was investigated by irrigating an ornamental plant, Impatiens balsamina L. The plant biomass P. stratiotes L obtained after the treatment process was subjected to manure production and its nutrient quality was proved, which can be applied as a soil conditioner. Among the aquatic plants, the results of P. stratiotes L indicated a higher remediation potential, which can be used as an ecologically benign method for treatment of industrial effluents and water bodies contaminated with dyeing effluents.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and risk assessment of toxic metals in agricultural soils from endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma region in South China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 568-579
Author(s):  
Liping Mo ◽  
Yongzhang Zhou ◽  
Gnanachandrasamy Gopalakrishnana ◽  
Xingyuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
South China ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Low Incidence

AbstractSihui city (South China) is much affected by nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). To investigate the relationships between the toxic metals in soil and NPC incidence in Sihui, 119 surface soil samples were collected from agricultural fields and analyzed. The soil As–Cr contents in Longjiang (high-incidence area) are significantly lower than those in Weizheng and Jianglin (low-incidence areas), whereas the soil Pb content in Longjiang is significantly higher than that in Weizheng. The Nemerow pollution indices (PIN) of soils decrease in the order of Jianglin > Weizheng > Longjiang. The enrichment factor (EF) of Cd indicates that the Cd enrichment is contributed by human activities. Potential toxic metal-related ecological risk values decrease in the order of Jianglin > Weizheng > Longjiang. The mean hazard index (HI) value of Longjiang was lower than those of Weizheng and Jianglin. There are no adverse noncarcinogenic health effects of soil toxic metals to adults in the study areas. Carcinogenic risks of As and Cr via ingestion and dermal contact and total carcinogenic risk are within the warning range, from 10−6 to 10−4. Hence, we suggest that toxic metals in the soil may not be major geochemical carcinogenic factors of high NPC incidence in Sihui.

scholarly journals Population dynamics and net primary production of the aquatic macrophite Nymphaea rudgeana C. F. Mey in a lotic environment of the Itanhaém River basin (SP, Brazil)

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. M. CAMARGO ◽  
E. R. FLORENTINO
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Annual Productivity ◽  
Lotic Environment ◽  
Low Levels

In this paper we evaluated the population dynamics and obtained estimates of the net primary production of the aquatic macrophyte Nymphaea rudgeana in an arm of the Itanhaém River (São Paulo State, Brazil). This species presents, in the studied area, a broad seasonal variation of biomass. As from November (13.1 g DW/m²) we observed a gradual increase of biomass that reached a maximum in February (163.1 g DW/m²). Then, the biomass decreased, maintaining low levels until a new growth period. The reduction of biomass is associated to the development of floating aquatic macrophytes (Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia molesta) and, subsequently to environmental factors (higher salinity values) that are unfavorable to their development. The net primary production of N. rudgeana was estimated from the biomass data, and the annual productivity value was estimated between 3.02 and 3.82 t/ha/year.

Removal of Toxic Metal Ions from Solutions Using Industrial Solid Byproducts

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Zouboulis ◽  
K. A. Kydros ◽  
K. A. Matis
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Solid Adsorbent ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation ◽  
By Products

Nowadays the problem of industrial wastes handling and disposal is increasing continuously, as more strict environmental considerations have to be taken into account. In this paper, selected experimental results are presented from our current research in toxic metals removal (e.g. Cu, Pb, As), related to the applications of mineral particles as by-products (red mud, pyrite, dolomite, etc.) for the induced removal of toxic metals from aqueous solutions. These by-products, existing in finely divided form and considered rather as solid industrial wastes, have been used as a cheap solid adsorbent or substrate. Appropriate methods for the subsequent solid/liquid separation were examined, among them flotation. Different parameters were tested and high removals of toxic metals were achieved. In this way, a useful application may be realized for the waste mineral particles.

Pollution Intensity of Hazardous Metals, Microbiome and Potential Bacterial-Based Toxic Metal Sequestration of Coal Mine Drainage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganiyu Oyetibo ◽  
Joy Enahoro ◽  
Chimuanya Ikwubuzo ◽  
Chiamaka Ukwuoma
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Metal Sequestration ◽  
Remediation Strategies ◽  
Severe Degree

Abstract Drains from coal mine remain a worrisome point source of toxic metal/metalloid pollutions to surface- and ground-waters worldwide, requiring sustainable remediation strategies. Understanding the microbial community subtleties through integrated metagenomic and geochemical data elicit selection of autochthonous bacteria consortium, spurring decommissioning of drains before discharge to hydrosphere. The drains contained characteristic sulphates (313.0 ± 15.9 mg/l), carbonate (253.0 ± 22.4 mg/l), and nitrate (86.6 ± 41.0 mg/l), having extreme tendencies to enrich receiving environments with extremely high pollution load index (3110 ± 942) for toxic metals/metalloid. The drains exerted severe degree of toxic metals/metalloid contamination (3,400,000 ± 240,000) and consequent astronomically high ecological risks in the order: Lead > Cadmium > Arsenic > Nickel > Cobalt > Iron > Chromium. Metagenome of the drains revealed dominance of Proteobacteria (50.8%) and Bacteroidetes (18.9%) among bacterial community, whereas, Ascomycota (60.8%) and Ciliophora (12.6%) dominated the eukaryotic community. A consortium of 7 autochthonous bacterial OTUs exhibited excellent urease activities (≥ 253 µmol urea/min.) with subsequent stemming of acidic pH to > 8.2 and sequestration of toxic metals (approx. 100% efficiency) as precipitates (15.6 ± 0.92 mg/ml). The coal mine drain is a point source for metals/metalloid pollution to surrounding hydrosphere, and its bioremediation is achievable with the bacteria consortium.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy and Toxic Metals in the Blood and Hair of Saudi Arabia Smokers Using Modern Analytical Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed Alrobaian ◽  
Hassan Arida
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Modern Analytical

Epidemiological studies on the heavy and toxic metal content in the human blood and hair of some smokers from Saudi Arabia were carried out by modern analytical techniques. The levels of some selected heavy and toxic metals (e.g.; Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Se, Mn, Zn, Ni, and Cr) were determined using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). Prior to the analysis, the blood and hair samples of Saudi Arabia smokers were collected, treated, and digested by microwave digestion system. The number of cigarettes per day as well as the smoking period was taken in consideration in this study. The tested elements concentrations in the investigated smoker blood and hair samples were compared with those obtained from some nonsmoking control samples. The samples were collected from the psychiatric hospital in Taif city after issuing the ethical committee license in this regard. The results obtained from this study represent a very important guide for the antismoking organizations. The assessment of some side effects of the smoking in such studies presents vital challenge for the social antismoking authorities and the stakeholder governments to attain the sustainable investment for their people.

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