Public Policy and the Digital Geospatial Representation of Designated Land Use in the UK: PART II

Abstract. In the UK, as organo-mineral soils are a significant store of soil organic carbon (SOC), they may become increasingly favoured for the expansion of upland forestry. It is important, therefore, to assess the likely impacts on SOC of this potentially major land use change. Currently, these assessments rely on modelling approaches which assume that afforestation of organo-mineral soils is "carbon neutral". This review evaluates this assumption in two ways. Firstly, UK information from the direct measurement of SOC change following afforestation is examined in the context of international studies. Secondly, UK data on the magnitude and direction of the major fluxes in the carbon cycle of semi-natural upland ecosystems are assessed to identify the likely responses of the fluxes to afforestation of organo-mineral soils. There are few directly relevant measurements of SOC change following afforestation of organo-mineral soils in the UK uplands but there are related studies on peat lands and agricultural soils. Overall, information on the magnitude and direction of change in SOC with afforestation is inconclusive. Data on the accumulation of litter beneath conifer stands have been identified but the extent to which the carbon held in this pool is incorporated into the stable soil carbon reservoir is uncertain. The effect of afforestation on most carbon fluxes is small because the fluxes are either relatively minor or of the same magnitude and direction irrespective of land use. Compared with undisturbed moorland, particulate organic carbon losses increase throughout the forest cycle but the data are exclusively from plantation conifer forests and in many cases pre-date current industry best practice guidelines which aim to reduce such losses. The biggest uncertainty in flux estimates is the relative magnitude of the sink for atmospheric carbon as trees grow and mature compared with that lost during site preparation and harvesting. Given the size of this flux relative to many of the others, this should be a focus for future carbon research on these systems.

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Disablism, Planning, and the Built Environment

Environment and Planning C Government and Policy ◽

10.1068/c110213 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 213-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

R F Imrie ◽

P E Wells

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Built Environment ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Local Authority ◽

Planning System ◽

Political Agenda ◽

The Political ◽

Disabled People ◽

The Uk

In the last decade access for disabled people to public buildings has become an important part of the political agenda. Yet, one of the main forms of discrimination which still persists against disabled people is an inaccessible built environment. In particular, statutory authorities have been slow to acknowledge the mobility and access needs of disabled people, and the legislative base to back up local authority policies remains largely ineffectual and weak. In this paper, the interrelationships between disability and the built environment are considered by focusing on the role of the UK land-use planning system in securing access provision for disabled people.

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Social Justice and Disabled People: Principles and Challenges

Social Policy and Society ◽

10.1017/s1474746404002179 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 45-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Robina Goodlad ◽

Sheila Riddell

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Social Justice ◽

Alternative Conceptions ◽

Social Injustice ◽

Disabled People ◽

Labour Government ◽

Socially Constructed ◽

The Uk

Social justice is a policy aim of the UK Labour government. This paper considers the applicability of the concept to disability, seeking to establish principles for conceptualising social justice and disability and considering the nature of the challenges for public policy and society posed by this conceptualisation. The paper considers how disability is implicated in two types of claims about the source of social injustice: those concerned with socially constructed differences between people; and those arising from material inequalities. Appropriate values underpinning alternative conceptions of social justice are discussed and tensions in policymaking considered.

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Under Way

Creating the AHRC ◽

10.5871/bacad/9780197264294.003.0006 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

James Herbert

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Research Funding ◽

Research Grants ◽

Administrative Costs ◽

Film And Television ◽

Arts And Humanities ◽

Sense Of Direction ◽

Distinct Sense ◽

The Uk ◽

Humanities Students

This chapter discusses the developments in terms of research grants and research funding of the newly established AHRB. By 2002 to 2003, during its fifth year, the AHRB's total budget had increased from £17.9 million to £64.8 million. During this period, non-programmed costs were capped at five per cent. Putting aside its administrative costs, the AHRB in its fifth year had programmatic expenditures of £61.7 million, a 20 per cent increase from the initially predicted expenditure. Of the £61.7 million, £9 million was allocated to the operation of museums and galleries of English institutions and the rest was equally divided between postgraduate awards and research awards throughout the UK. As funding rose, intellectual ambitions also increased. Several ambitious projects were initiated such as the editing of Francis Bacon's works, the creation of public policy concerning the film and television of Britain and Europe, the pursuing of the long-delayed multinational Romanian project, and several other projects. During this period, the AHRB garnered a distinct sense of direction and momentum. Over three years, the applications of research funding increased to 58 per cent. The applications for the postgraduate awards increased to 20 per cent in a year and the four year doctoral submission rate for arts and humanities students increased to 78 per cent.

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UK E-Voting

Politics, Democracy and E-Government ◽

10.4018/978-1-61520-933-0.ch011 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 183-198

Author(s):

Mark Liptrott

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Voter Turnout ◽

Policy Process ◽

Central Government ◽

Policy Model ◽

The Public ◽

Public Policy Process ◽

The Uk ◽

Voluntary Adoption ◽

Elected Representatives

This chapter evaluates the UK government strategy to promote electronic voting through the public policy process as an integral part of the e-government agenda to enhance participatory democracy. It argues that the formulation of the present policy is flawed as it lacks a diffusion strategy to enhance the likelihood of policy adoption. The electoral modernisation policy arose from concerns regarding the falling voter turnout at elections and is being introduced via local authorities through a series of voluntary pilot schemes. If issues influencing local authority pilot participation are not resolved e-voting may be permanently rejected by local elected representatives and so will not be available to citizens. This author identifies variables influencing pilot participation and suggests a revised public policy model incorporating selected diffusion concepts at the formulation stage of the linear policy process. The model is used to propose recommendations to enhance the likelihood of voluntary adoption of a policy introduced by central government for voluntary implementation by local government.

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