scholarly journals Frequent Job Changes can Signal Poor Work Attitude and Reduce Employability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Cohn ◽  
Michel André Maréchal ◽  
Frédéric Schneider ◽  
Roberto A Weber
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Employment History ◽  
Work Attitude ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
Market Experiment

Abstract We study whether employment history provides information about a worker’s “work attitude”, that is, the tendency to act cooperatively and reliably in the workplace. We conjecture that, holding all else equal, frequent job changes can indicate poor work attitude and that this information is transmitted through employment histories. We find support for this hypothesis across three studies that employ complementary laboratory, field, and survey experiments, as well as in labor market panel data. First, a tightly controlled laboratory labor market experiment demonstrates that prior employment information allows employers to screen for reliable and cooperative workers and that these workers obtain better employment outcomes. Secondly, we conduct a field experiment that varies the frequency of job changes in applicants’ resumes and find that those with fewer job changes receive substantially more callbacks from prospective employers. Thirdly, a survey experiment with human resources professionals confirms that the resume manipulations in the field study create different perceptions of work attitude and that these largely account for the callback differences. Finally, we find evidence consistent with our hypothesized relationships in empirical labor market data. Our work highlights the potential importance of job history as a signal of work attitude in labor markets, and points to a potential cost of frequent job changes.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON THE ECONOMIC INTERACTION OF THE LABOR MARKET AND HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1(74)) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
O.M. GUTSALYUK ◽  
A.S. NAVOLOKINA
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
Higher Medical Education

Topicality The relevance of the research of the economic interaction of the labor market and human resources in the healthcare sector is growing today, as it is necessary to involve all interested parties to effective interaction, to ensure the flexibility of higher and vocational education system by adjustment of labor training to the needs of employers. Aim and tasks. The goal of the study is to analyze the interaction of labor markets and education, identify the main disadvantages of this interaction and develop proposals to increase its productivity in the context of meeting the needs and interests of the subjects of these markets. Research results. The interaction of labor markets and educational services can be considered as coordinated behavior of entities engaged in economic activity in these markets in order to balance the supply and demand for skilled labor, create conditions for socio-economic growth of the national economy through the reproduction of human capital and increasing the competitiveness of the workforce. The economic interaction of the labor market and the human resources in the healthcare sector of Ukraine has been analyzed. An assessment of the competitiveness of the field of higher medical education and its institutions in the context of the economic interaction has been carried out. The level of the economic interaction of the educational services market and the labor market has been determined. The process of harmonization of the labor market of EU countries and Ukraine has been investigated. The main causes and disadvantages of the economic interaction of the educational services and the labor markets have been identified. The directions of improvement of the forecasting process of the labor market development as measures of improving the productivity of the studied processes are suggested. The approach to determining the competitive position of a higher medical education institution using a qualimetric approach has been considered, where educational and pedagogical work, personnel, scientific work and international activity are chosen as parameters. The main factor by the parameter of educational and pedagogical work is the medical work, which includes the following evaluation criteria: the number of university clinics, consultative and surgical activity of employees during the year, participation in the creation of clinical protocols, the availability of medical qualification among the teachers, technology acquisition of practical skills. According to the results of competitiveness assessment of higher education institutions, it is proposed to determine the following levels: critical (low); sufficient (average); high (higher than average); excellent (very high). Conclusion. The results of the study indicate an unsatisfactory level of the economic interaction of the labor market and the human resources in the healthcare sector in Ukraine, which is manifested in an imbalance in supply and demand for specialists in the relevant specialties, the low percentage of employed graduates of HEI, the high share of unemployed with higher education and the absence of direct connection between the amount of expenses on the education and the quality of educational services, the imperfection in the information support system and the poor state of forecasting processes in the main indicators of functioning and development of the labor market.

Internal Labor Market in the System of Social and Labor Relations

2004 ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Odegov ◽  
G. Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Internal Labor Market ◽  
Internal Labor Markets ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Balanced Development

The expediency of using in scientific parlance and in practice of human resources management the category "internal labor market" is grounded in the article. The specifics of intra-firm labor market forming and functioning are described. The authors study the mechanism of external and internal labor markets interaction from the standpoint of providing their balanced development.

What Can We Learn From Factorial Surveys About Human Behavior?

Methodology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Petzold ◽  
Tobias Wolbring
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Factorial Survey ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Intended Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Factorial survey experiments are increasingly used in the social sciences to investigate behavioral intentions. The measurement of self-reported behavioral intentions with factorial survey experiments frequently assumes that the determinants of intended behavior affect actual behavior in a similar way. We critically investigate this fundamental assumption using the misdirected email technique. Student participants of a survey were randomly assigned to a field experiment or a survey experiment. The email informs the recipient about the reception of a scholarship with varying stakes (full-time vs. book) and recipient’s names (German vs. Arabic). In the survey experiment, respondents saw an image of the same email. This validation design ensured a high level of correspondence between units, settings, and treatments across both studies. Results reveal that while the frequencies of self-reported intentions and actual behavior deviate, treatments show similar relative effects. Hence, although further research on this topic is needed, this study suggests that determinants of behavior might be inferred from behavioral intentions measured with survey experiments.

Influence of the characteristics of competences on the employability of graduates of Higher Education Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Cueva Zavala
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Active Population

This research has a singular and notable importance, because if something should concern a Higher Education Institution, it is knowing what is the destiny within society of the human resource trained in its classrooms, that product that the institution delivers to the community who are its graduates and professionals. For the Institutions of Higher Education it is satisfactory on the part of employers, that the training received in the Institution of Higher Education is indicated, that the majority of graduates and professionals are incorporated into the occupational market; that is to say; some exercise their profession and others do it in occupations that do not correspond to their profession, which is justified, being aware that one of the great problems of the contemporary world is undoubtedly the lack of demand for human resources for stable work, which according to Authorized and reliable studies of every 10 people who join the economically active population, only 3 have real possibilities of fully joining the labor market, either in the private or public sector.

Movilidad laboral geográfica en un antiguo enclave minero. La inversión de un mercado de trabajo local

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Contreras Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Labor Mobility ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Local Labor Market ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Resumen:Este artículo examina los fa c t o res internos y externos a una localidad que son copartícipes en la estructuración y reestructuración de su mercado de trabajo local. A partir de la revisión de la historia social y económica del lugar, se destaca su tránsito de enclave minero a lugar de residencia de mineros y trabajadores de maquiladoras. En este caso, se presenta la constitución de los mercados de trabajo locales como un resultado del encuentro de las condiciones del lugar de residencia de los trabajadores y el lugar donde se encuentra el centro de trabajo. De aquí que la movilidad laboral geográfica aparezca como una de las tácticas de los sujetos ante una situación de desempleo.Palabras clave: Mercado de trabajo, Minería, Maquiladoras, Mineros, Movilidad laboral, Desempleo.Abstract:This article examines the internal and external local factors shaping the structuring and restructuring of a local labor market. By reviewing the social and economic history of the community, this article underlines its transition from a mining setting to a residence place for miners and maquila workers. In this case, the constitution of local labor markets is presented as a result of the condition encounter of both workers residence place and the location of the work place. This is a reason explaining why geographical labor mobility comes to be an actor tactic to face unemployment.Key words: Labor market, Mining, Export-oriented industry, Miners, Labor mobility, Unemployment.

Labor Market Concentration and Worker Contributions to Health Insurance Premiums

2021 ◽  
pp. 107755872110129
Author(s):  
Mark K. Meiselbach ◽  
Matthew D. Eisenberg ◽  
Ge Bai ◽  
Aditi Sen ◽  
Gerard F. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Health Plan ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Market Concentration ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Insurance Premiums ◽  
Health Insurance Premiums

In concentrated labor markets, where workers have fewer employers to choose from, employers may exploit their monopsony power by contributing less to workers’ health benefits. This study examined if labor market concentration was associated with higher worker contributions to health plan premiums. We combined publicly available data from the Census to calculate labor market concentration and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Insurance/Employer Component to determine premium contributions from 2010 to 2016 for metropolitan areas. After controlling for year fixed-effects and market characteristics, we found that higher labor market concentration was associated with higher worker contributions to health plan premiums, lower take-home income, and no change in employer contributions to premiums, consistent with the hypothesis that greater labor market concentration is associated with less generous health benefits. When evaluating the effects of mergers and acquisitions on labor markets, regulatory agencies should critically assess worker contributions to health insurance premiums.

scholarly journals Employment Lapses and Subsequent Hiring Disadvantages: An Experimental Approach Examining Types of Discrimination and Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110198
Author(s):  
Katherine Weisshaar
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Positive Information ◽  
Employment Gaps ◽  
Types Of Information

Employment interruption is a common experience in today’s labor market, most frequently due to unemployment from job loss and temporary lapses to care for family or children. Although existing research shows that employment lapses cause disadvantages at the hiring interface compared to individuals with no employment disruptions, competing theories predict different mechanisms explaining these hiring penalties. In this study, the author uses an original conjoint survey experiment to causally assess perceptions of fictitious job applicants, focusing on a comparison of unemployed applicants and nonemployed caregiver applicants, who left work to care for family, to currently employed applicants. The author examines whether disadvantages for job applicants with employment gaps are receptive to positive information (and therefore represent a form of “informational bias”) or are resistant to information (reflecting “cognitive bias”) and further assesses which types of information affect or do not affect levels of bias in fictitious hiring decisions. Results show that positive information on past job performance and social skills essentially eliminates disadvantages faced by unemployed job applicants, but nonemployed caregiver applicants remain disadvantaged even with multiple types of positive information. These findings suggest that unemployed applicants face informational biases but that nonemployed caregiver applicants face cognitive biases that are rigid even with rich forms of positive or counter-stereotypical information. This study has implications for understanding the career consequences of employment disruption, which is especially relevant to consider in light of labor market disruptions during the recent pandemic.

scholarly journals Risk, Recessions and Resilience: Towards Sustainable Local Labor Markets through Employment Portfolio Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7926
Author(s):  
Bharman Gulati ◽  
Stephan Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Local Labor Market ◽  
Business Survival ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
New Business

This paper explores the role of local labor market dynamics on the survival of new businesses. The characteristics of the local labor market are likely to influence the survival of new businesses, the level of entrepreneurship, and the resilience of the regional economy. We apply portfolio theory to evaluate employment-based and income-based measures of risk-and-return trade-offs in local labor markets on new business survival in the United States. Our results show that volatility in local labor markets has a positive impact on new business survival, especially in Metropolitan Statistical Areas. The results are robust across different timeframes, including during economic downturns, thus highlighting the contribution of new businesses in developing the resilience of the local economy, and further promoting sustainable regional economic development.

scholarly journals Vocational training choice from a regional perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Schuster ◽  
Anne Margarian
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Local Competition ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Upper Secondary ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Urban Labor Markets ◽  
And Training

AbstractMotivated by discussions of skill mismatches on local German vocational educational and training (VET) markets, this paper analyses how occupational segments of VET entry of individuals with lower and intermediate secondary school degree relate to local labor market characteristics. The econometric analysis applies data from a survey conducted with 9th graders within the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). Considering opportunity structures and the local competition for training positions, we find that the match between occupations' skill demands and individuals' abilities tends to be specifically close in diverse and competitive urban labor markets. In non-competitive peripheral labor markets, in contrast, graduates with lower school certificates seem to have a higher likelihood of entering VET in segments that are specifically attractive for graduates with upper secondary school degree. The results on the allocation of abilities and the weight of preferences under different labor market conditions have different welfare implications from an individual, regional and general economic perspective.

scholarly journals Detecting Discrimination

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J Heckman
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Market Discrimination ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
The Way

The evidence on discrimination produced from the audit method is examined. Audits survey the average firm and not the marginal firm which determines the level of market discrimination. Taken on its own terms, there is little evidence of labor market discrimination from audit methods. The validity of audit methods is critically dependent on unverified assumptions about equality across race/gender groups of the distributions of unobserved (by audit designers) productivity components acted on by firms and about the way labor markets work. Audits can find discrimination when none exists and can disguise it when it does.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document