scholarly journals Flea Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations, Effects of Feeding Injury, and Efficacy of Insecticide Treatments on Eggplant and Cabbage in Southwest Virginia

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 887-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mason ◽  
Adam Michael Alford ◽  
Thomas Patrick Kuhar
Keyword(s):  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Flea beetles, are common pests of cabbage Brassica oleracea L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) and eggplant Solanum melongena L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), but little is known about the flea beetle populations in Virginia, their impact on yield, or the most effective control methods. This research investigates flea beetle populations and the impact of their feeding injury on cabbage and eggplant in Southwest Virginia and determines the most efficacious control methods. In Whitethorne, VA, cabbage and eggplant crops were vacuum sampled weekly throughout two summers (2015, 2016). Crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and striped flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata Fabr. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were found on cabbage; whereas, eggplant flea beetle, Epitrix fucula (Crotch) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were found on eggplant. To evaluate the impact of flea beetle feeding on these plants flea beetle densities and defoliation were assessed weekly and individual plant, as well as whole plot yields, assessed at harvest. For cabbage, significant yield reductions were observed between 1 and 20% and >60% defoliation. Similarly, significant yield reductions were observed between 41 and 60% and >60% defoliation for eggplant. The efficacy of various insecticides was also evaluated. Soil application of the systemic neonicotinoid dinotefuran, imidacloprid, and the foliar-applied bifenthrin resulted in the fewest beetles, the least amount of leaf defoliation, and the highest yield in cabbage and eggplant. This research helps vegetable growers to better understand the severity of these pests and how to effectively combat them.

AN EFFECT OF PARASITISM BY MICROCTONUS VITTATAE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) ON EMERGENCE OF PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE AND PHYLLOTRETA STRIOLATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) FROM OVERWINTERING SITES

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 727-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Early Emergence ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAdults of the two main rape-infesting flea beetle species in Manitoba, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Phyllotreta striolata (F.), that were parasitized by Microctonus vittatae Mues., emerged earlier from overwintering sites than unparasitized adults of the same species. Early emergence of parasitized beetles ensures early emergence of parasite adults and thereby probably increases the impact of the parasite on the host's population.

scholarly journals Potential biopesticides for crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) management under dryland canola production in Montana

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabeg Singh Briar ◽  
Frank Antwi ◽  
Govinda Shrestha ◽  
Anamika Sharma ◽  
Gadi V. P. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle

OBSERVATIONS ON DISTRIBUTION, SEASONAL LIFE HISTORY, AND ABUNDANCE OF FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) THAT INFEST RAPE CROPS IN MANITOBA

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 1345-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
History Of

AbstractPhyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) was usually the most abundant flea beetle on crops of Argentine rape, Brassica napus L., in Manitoba, followed in order by Phyllotreta striolata (F.) and Psylliodes punctulata Melsh. These three species and small numbers of Phyllotreta bipustulata (F.) were present on volunteer rape in the spring. A few specimens of a fifth rape-eating species, Phyllotreta robusta Lee, were trapped in April after hibernating. The three main species were recorded in all 16 localities in which samples of flea beetles on rape crops and/or volunteer rape were collected. Details of seasonal life history of each species are presented, as well as data on the abundance of the three main species throughout the year on rape crops, in overwintering habitats and on volunteer rape in spring. The relative abundance of P. cruciferae, P. striolata, and Ps. punctulata in different rape-growing areas of Manitoba is discussed.

Bioassay for assessing resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.) to the adult crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca H. Hallett ◽  
Heather Ray ◽  
Jennifer Holowachuk ◽  
Juliana J. Soroka ◽  
Margaret Y. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle

A bioassay arena and a laboratory screening protocol were developed for assessing lines of Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.) for feeding damage by the adult crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze). The arena consists of a 96-well microtitre plate with a modified top to contain flea beetles and allow ventilation. Eight lines of A. thaliana, arranged in an 8 × 8 Latin square design, were screened simultaneously in each arena using 50 starved flea beetles. Two cotyledons and the first pair of true leaves per plant were rated visually under a dissecting microscope using a visual damage rating scale. The protocol was used to screen 29 wild ecotypes, eight mutant lines and a single transgenic line of A. thaliana. Discrimination between both cotyledon and leaf tissue was apparent for young beetles that were both non-reproductive or reproductive, but not for old reproductive beetles. Differences were observed between Asian and European ecotypes of A. thaliana, suggesting that geographic origin may play a role in susceptibility of Arabidopsis ecotypes to flea beetle feeding. The transparent testa regulatory gene mutants (lines 82, 111, 164) were most susceptible to flea beetle feeding, possibly indicating a role for anthocyanins and/or flavonoids in governing flea beetle susceptibility. Significant variation in damage levels indicates that expression of flea beetle resistance in the A rabidopsis genome is plastic, and that potential exists to use the wide array of publicly available Arabidopsis germplasm as tools in the transfer of resistance to agronomically important host plants. Key words: Seedling bioassay, Arabidopsis thaliana, wild ecotypes and mutants, crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae, host plant resistance

WINTER SAMPLING TO DETERMINE OVERWINTERING SITES AND ESTIMATE DENSITY OF ADULT FLEA BEETLE PESTS OF RAPE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Adult Flea

AbstractThe three most important flea beetle pests of western Canadian rape crops appear to be selective in choosing their overwintering sites, as the greatest densities of overwintering adults of Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Psylliodes punctulata Melsh. were found in leaf litter and turf beneath hedges and(or) shelterbelts, while that of Phyllotreta striolata (F.) was found in these materials beneath groves of native trees. Most beetles overwintered near the surface in leaf litter and turf rather than in the underlying soil. Within a habitat, sample to sample variation for each species was usually large and the overwintering populations appear to have an aggregated distribution pattern. Winter samples over a 6-year period from all five habitat types combined or from parkland groves reflected the continuously low level of the field population of Psylliodes punctulata, and a marked increase in the field population of P. striolata that occurred in one year. Winter samples taken from hedges and(or) shelterbelts provided little information on population sizes or trends except for indicating the general low level of the Psylliodes punctulata population. Winter mortality was low for all three species. The foregoing information will be useful for developing future sampling plans so that overwintering flea beetle populations can be estimated more reliably.

scholarly journals Mitigation strategies for communication networks induced impairments in autonomous microgrids control: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-375
Author(s):  
Olayanju Sunday Akinwale ◽  
◽  
Dahunsi Folasade Mojisola ◽  
Ponnle A. Akinlolu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Topology Design ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Secondary Control ◽  
The Impact

<abstract> <p>The advancement in communication technology and the availability of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) have impacted positively on the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the main electricity grid. High penetration of RES also come along with greater demand for more effective control approaches, congestion management techniques, and microgrids optimal dispatch. Most of the secondary control methods of microgrid systems in the autonomous mode require communication links between the distributed generators (DGs) for sharing power information and data for control purposes. This article gives ample review on the communication induced impairments in islanded microgrids. In the review, attention is given to communication induced delay, data packet loss, and cyber-attack that degrades optimal operations of islanded microgrids. The review also considered impairments modelling, the impact of impairments on microgrids operation and management, and the control methods employed in mitigating some of their negative impacts. The paper revealed that innovative control solutions for impairment mitigation rather than the development of new high-speed communication infrastructure should be implemented for microgrid control. It was also pointed out that a sparse communication graph is the basis for communication topology design for distributed secondary control in the microgrid.</p> </abstract>

EVALUATION OF THE NEMATODE, STEINERNEMA FELTIAE FILIPJEV, FOR THE CONTROL OF THE CRUCIFER FLEA BEETLE, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.N. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Water Suspensions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractWater suspensions of the entomogenous nematode, Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (“All” strain), were applied to the soil of caged microplot stands of canola, Brassica napus L. cv. Tower, colonized by overwintering adults of the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), at the rate of about 1 × 106 infective juveniles per 0.8 m2 soil surface. Single treatments, which were applied before and after the colonization, did not affect the flea beetle adults or their progeny as evidenced by the number of new generation adults that subsequently emerged from the soil. Bioassays with wax moth larvae, Galleria melonella (Linn.), showed that the infectivity of nematodes in the soil declined sharply within 6 days of treatment. High concentrations of the herbicide Treflan®, with which the soil was treated, did not affect the infectivity of the nematodes. Under the conditions of the test, S. feltiae appeared to have no potential as a biological control agent for the crucifer flea beetle.

FEEDING PREFERENCES OF PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) FOR WILTED AND NONWILTED CRUCIFER SEEDLINGS

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Palaniswamy ◽  
F. Matheson ◽  
R.J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle

Water stress, especially wilting, can increase the susceptibility of plants to herbivory by insects (Holtzer et al. 1988). Insects as diverse as locusts and leaf-cutting ants prefer wilted foliage (Bernays and Lewis 1986; Vasconcelos and Cherrett 1996). Palaniswamy et al. (1997) observed that the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), fed on excised and wilted foliage of Thlaspi arvense L. (Cruciferae) but not on intact and turgid foliage. If water stress can make unpalatable plants more palatable, identifying robust resistance to pests such as flea beetles will be difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine whether wilting affects feeding by the crucifer flea beetle and in particular if wilting differentially affects feeding on preferred and nonpreferred plants.

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