Resistance Risk Evaluated by Metaflumizone Selection and the Effects on Toxicities Over Other Insecticides in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2354-2361
Author(s):  
Xing-Xing Sun ◽  
Hong-Yang Li ◽  
Ying-Jie Jiang ◽  
Jun-Xi Zhang ◽  
Hui-Ling Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Realized Heritability ◽  
Sodium Channel Blocker ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Threshold Trait ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Metaflumizone is a novel semicarbazone insecticide. It functions as a sodium channel blocker insecticide (SCBI) with excellent insecticidal activity on most economically important lepidopterous pests. This study assessed the resistance risk of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to metaflumizone in the laboratory and the effects of metaflumizone selection on toxicities to other insecticides. Spodoptera exigua collected from a field population at Huizhou in 2012 were successively challenged by metaflumizone to evaluate the risk of resistance evolution. Twelve generations of selection increased resistance to metaflumizone by 3.4-fold and threshold trait analysis revealed that the realized heritability (h2) of this resistance was 0.086. When h2 was equal to 0.086 and 90% of individuals were killed at each generation, LC50 to metaflumizone increased by 10-fold after 15 generations. The selection by metaflumizone did not increase the resistance to indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, spinosad, methomyl, or endosulfan, suggesting a lack of cross-resistance. However, metaflumizone challenge upheld the recession of resistance to emamectin benzoate, chlorfluazuron, and tebufenozide. The block of resistance drops by metaflumizone exposure implied a possible cross-resistance between metaflumizone and these three insecticides. These results contribute to integrated resistance management of S. exigua.

Baseline Response, Monitoring, and Cross-Resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Sodium Channel Blocker Insecticides in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid S Kaiser ◽  
Rubens H Kanno ◽  
Anderson Bolzan ◽  
Fernando S A Amaral ◽  
Ewerton C Lira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Response Monitoring ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Sodium Channel Blocker ◽  
Baseline Response ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is one of the key cross-crop pests in Brazilian agroecosystems. Field-evolved resistance of S. frugiperda to some conventional insecticides and Bt proteins has already been reported. Thus, the use of insecticides with new mode of action such as sodium channel blockers (indoxacarb and metaflumizone) could be an important tool in insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs. To implement a proactive IRM, we conducted baseline response and monitoring to indoxacarb and metaflumizone in 87 field populations of S. frugiperda collected from major maize-growing regions of Brazil from 2017 to 2020, estimated the frequency of resistance alleles to indoxacarb, and evaluated cross-resistance of indoxacarb and metaflumizone to some selected insecticides and Bt proteins. Low variation in susceptibility to indoxacarb (4.6-fold) and metaflumizone (2.6-fold) was detected in populations of S. frugiperda in 2017. The frequency of the resistance allele to indoxacarb was 0.0452 (0.0382–0.0527 CI 95%), by using F2 screen method. The mean survival at diagnostic concentration, based on CL99, varied from 0.2 to 12.2% for indoxacarb and from 0.0 to 12.7% for metaflumizone, confirming high susceptibility of S. frugiperda to these insecticides in Brazil. No cross-resistance was detected between sodium channel blocker insecticides and other insecticides (organophosphate, pyrethroid, benzoylurea, spinosyn, and diamide) and Bt proteins. These findings showed that sodium channel blocker insecticides are important candidates to be exploited in IRM strategies of S. frugiperda in Brazil.

Modeling Glyphosate Resistance Management Strategies for Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Cotton

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Neve ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Kenneth L. Smith ◽  
Ian A. Zelaya
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Resistance Evolution

A simulation model is used to explore management options to mitigate risks of glyphosate resistance evolution in Palmer amaranth in glyphosate-resistant cotton in the southern United States. Our first analysis compares risks of glyphosate resistance evolution for seven weed-management strategies in continuous glyphosate-resistant cotton monoculture. In the “worst-case scenario” with five applications of glyphosate each year and no other herbicides applied, evolution of glyphosate resistance was predicted in 74% of simulated populations. In other strategies, glyphosate was applied with various combinations of preplant, PRE, and POST residual herbicides. The most effective strategy included four glyphosate applications with a preplant fomesafen application, and POST tank mixtures of glyphosate plusS-metolachlor followed by glyphosate plus flumioxazin. This strategy reduced the resistance risk to 12% of populations. A second series of simulations compared strategies where glyphosate-resistant cotton was grown in one-to-one rotations with corn or cotton with other herbicide resistance traits. In general, crop rotation reduced risks of resistance by approximately 50% and delayed the evolution of resistance by 2 to 3 yr. These analyses demonstrate that risks of glyphosate resistance evolution in Palmer amaranth can be reduced by reducing glyphosate use within and among years, controlling populations with diverse herbicide modes of action, and ensuring that population size is kept low. However, no strategy completely eliminated the risk of glyphosate resistance.

scholarly journals I alternate therefore I generalize: how the intrinsic resistance risk of fungicides counterbalances their durability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agathe Ballu ◽  
Philomene Despreaux ◽  
Clementine Duplaix ◽  
Anne Deredec ◽  
Florence Carpentier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Evolution Approach

The evolution of resistance to pesticides is a major burden in agriculture. Resistance management involves maximizing selection pressure heterogeneity, particularly by combining active ingredients with different modes of action. We tested the hypothesis that alternation may delay the build-up of resistance not only by spreading selection pressure over longer periods, but also by decreasing the rate of evolution of resistance to alternated fungicides, by applying an experimental evolution approach to the economically important crop pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. Our results show that alternation is either neutral or slows the evolution of resistance, relative to continuous fungicide use, but results in higher levels of generalism in evolved lines. We demonstrate that the relative risk of resistance intrinsic to fungicide alternation probably underlies a trade-off between the number of fungicides and the frequency of alternation. This trade-off is also dynamic over the course of resistance evolution. These findings open up new possibilities for tailoring resistance management effectively while optimizing interplay between alternation components.

scholarly journals Baseline Sensitivity and Resistance-Risk Assessment of Phytophthora capsici to Iprovalicarb

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 1162-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hong Lu ◽  
Shu Sheng Zhu ◽  
Yang Bi ◽  
Xi Li Liu ◽  
Jianjun J. Hao
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Zoospore Production ◽  
Caa Fungicides ◽  
Growth Characters

Iprovalicarb has been used to control Phytophthora capsici, a devastating pathogen of many economically important crops. To evaluate the risk of fungicide resistance, 158 isolates of P. capsici were examined for sensitivity to iprovalicarb by measuring mycelial growth. Values of effective concentrations for 50% mycelial growth inhibition varied from 0.2042 to 0.5540 μg/ml and averaged 0.3923 (±0.0552) μg/ml, with a unimodal distribution. This is the first report of P. capsici isolates highly resistant to iprovalicarb (resistance factor >100). Resistance of the isolates was stable through 10 transfers on iprovalicarb-free medium, and most resistant isolates had the same level of fitness (mycelial growth, zoospore production, and virulence) as their corresponding parents, indicating that iprovalicarb resistance was independent from other general growth characters. There was cross-resistance among all tested carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides, including iprovalicarb, flumorph, dimethomorph, and mandipropamid, but not with non-CAA fungicides, including azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, cymoxanil, etridiazole, metalaxyl, and zoxamide. Based on the present results, resistance risk of P. capsici to CAAs could be moderate and resistance management should be considered.

scholarly journals Laboratory Selection and Assessment of Resistance Risk in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to Spinosad and Malathion

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Joseph Onwusemu Disi ◽  
Ashfaq A. Sial
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Realized Heritability ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Laboratory Selection ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Selection And Assessment

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is one of the most economically important pests of soft-skinned fruits worldwide. Repeated insecticide applications commonly used to prevent fruit infestations increase the risk of resistance development in D. suzukii. Assessment of resistance risk in D. suzukii using artificial selection can be valuable in developing proactive resistance management strategies to retain susceptibility in the field populations. Here, we artificially selected a colony of field-collected D. suzukii for resistance against spinosad and malathion. A quantitative genetic approach was then used to estimate realized heritability (h2) of resistance and predict the rates of resistance development. After 10 and 11 generations of selection, resistance to spinosad and malathion in D. suzukii females significantly increased by 7.55- and 2.23-fold, respectively. Based on the predicted rates of resistance development, assuming h2 = 0.14 (mean h2 of spinosad resistance in this study) and 90% of population was killed at each generation, 10-fold increase in LC50 of D. suzukii females would be expected in nine generations for spinosad. However, 10-fold increase in LC50 of D. suzukii females for malathion would be expected in 37 generations, assuming h2 = 0.08 (mean h2 of malathion resistance) and 90% of population was killed at each generation. These results indicate that the risk of resistance in D. suzukii populations exists against both spinosad and malathion. However, resistance would develop faster against spinosad as compared to malathion. Thus, resistance management strategies should be implemented proactively to maintain the effectiveness of these insecticides to control D. suzukii.

scholarly journals Insecticide resistance in field populations of the tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa armigera, from Senegal

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
Serigne Omar Sene ◽  
Etienne Tendeng ◽  
Mamadou Diatte ◽  
Serigne Sylla ◽  
Babacar Labou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Monitoring of the evolution of insecticide resistance in the field is crucial to prevent pest control issues. The present study was conducted to assess insecticide resistance status of the fruitworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), the most destructive pest of field-grown tomato in Senegal. A sample of 11- 15 field populations were monitored for their susceptibility to abamectin, deltamethrin, and profenofos, using a standard leaf-dip bioassay method. Resistance ratios ranged from 1- to 30-fold to abamectin (4/15 populations with RR>10), 7- to 112-fold to deltamethrin (11/12 populations with RR>10), and 1- to 29-fold to profenofos (3/11 populations with RR>10). This indicates that resistance evolution to deltamethrin was widespread among field populations of H. armigera. However, an increasing trend of resistance to deltamethrin was observed from the South to the North of Niayes. Susceptibility to abamectin and profenofos was generally high but showed that resistance might be evolving within some populations. In addition, signs of cross-resistance to abamectin were detected, suggesting possible metabolic resistance mechanisms already selected in pyrethroid-resistant populations. The recorded high levels of pyrethroids resistance are a concern for the control of H. armigera in Senegal as the country is being currently embarking into economic expansion of tomato cropping systems. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Insecticide resistance, pyrethroids, avermectins, OPs, Helicoverpa armigera, West Africa

scholarly journals Plant Abandonment by Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae: Do Bt Toxins Have an Effect?

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Visser ◽  
Hannalene Du Plessis ◽  
Annemie Erasmus ◽  
Johnnie Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Management ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Bt Toxins ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Busseola fusca (Fuller; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize in Africa and can be effectively controlled by Bt maize. However, the sustainability of this technology is threatened by resistance evolution, which necessitates the implementation of the high-dose/refuge insect resistance management (IRM) strategy. Despite the success of this IRM strategy, it is based on several assumptions about insect-hostplant interactions that are not always valid for different pest species. In this study, the plant abandonment behavior of Cry1Ab-resistant and susceptible B. fusca larvae were evaluated on a non-Bt, single toxin (Cry1Ab), and a pyramid event (Cry1.105 + Cry2Ab2) of maize over a four-day period. The aim was to determine if larvae are more likely to abandon maize plants that contain Bt-toxins than conventional non-Bt plants, and if resistance to the Cry1Ab-toxin affects this behavior. This study found that both Bt-resistant and susceptible B. fusca neonate larvae show feeding avoidance behavior and increased plant abandonment rates when exposed to Bt maize leaf tissue. The implications of these findings for the design of IRM strategies and choice of refuge structures are discussed in the context of Bt maize in Africa.

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