Inheritance and Realized Heritability of Resistance to Imidacloprid in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), From Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1831-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danarsi Diptaningsari ◽  
Y Andi Trisyono ◽  
Aziz Purwantoro ◽  
Arman Wijonarko
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Realized Heritability ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål., is a major insect pest causing serious damage to the rice crop in many rice-producing countries. The aim of the study was to determine the inheritance characteristics and realized heritability of resistance to imidacloprid in N. lugens from Banyumas, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The five generations of selection increased the resistance ratio (RR) from 46.20-fold at generation 45 (G45) to 150.39-fold (G49) compared with the laboratory-susceptible population. The LC50 values of imidacloprid for the progeny of reciprocal crosses, F1 and F1’, showed no significant differences, indicating that imidacloprid resistance was inherited autosomally in N. lugens. The degree of dominance (D) values for F1 and F1’ were 0.65 and 0.64, respectively, suggesting that imidacloprid resistance in N. lugens was expressed as an incompletely dominant trait. Chi-square analysis based on the monogenic hypothesis indicated that imidacloprid resistance in N. lugens was polygenic. Furthermore, the estimation realized heritability value (h2) was 0.0893. These results would be useful to determine an effective resistance management strategies in N. lugens.

scholarly journals Stability of Resistance to Imidacloprid in the Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.) from Banyumas, Central Java

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Danarsi Diptaningsari ◽  
Y. Andi Trisyono ◽  
Aziz Purwantoro ◽  
Arman Wijonarko
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Stability Of Resistance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Imidacloprid is one of the insecticides that has been widely used to control the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.). The excessive use of insecticides led to the development of insecticide resistance in N. lugens. This study was aimed to determine the stability of resistance to imidacloprid in N. lugens from Banyumas, Central Java Province. The five generations of selection increased the resistance ratio (RR) from 46.20-fold to 150.39-fold. To assess the stability of resistance to imidacloprid in N. lugens, the fifth generation was further reared for 10 generations without exposure to insecticides. The stability studies showed that resistance to imidacloprid was unstable with a decrease of resistance from 150.39-fold to 38.14-fold after 10 generations without selections. Continuous selections with imidacloprid for three generations could increase the resistance level from 150.39-fold to 216.13-fold. The unstable resistance could be managed by removing the selection pressure for a period of time or switching to insecticides with different mode of actions. Information regarding resistance stability would be useful to determine an effective resistance management strategies in N. lugens.

scholarly journals Resistensi Wereng Batang Cokelat Padi, Nilaparvata lugens Stål terhadap Insektisida di Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Sutrisno Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Insecticide Resistance Management ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance Inheritance ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

<p>The rice<br />brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is a<br />major insect pest of rice and their infestations occur every<br />year in several locations in Indonesia. The use of<br />insecticides often fails to control the BPH so their<br />populations are still high that cause rice crops show<br />hopperburn and the farmer loses the yields. The<br />development of insecticide resistant in BPH population is<br />one of the factors to contribute to the failure of insecticides<br />control. We have detected the development of field<br />population BPH resistance to BPMC, carbofuran, MIPC, and<br />imidacloprid, but we do not know yet the development of<br />resistance to other insecticides to control BPH in Indonesia.<br />This paper will review several cases on BPH resistance to<br />insecticides in Indonesia and other countries that include<br />aspects of the development of resistance in the field and in<br />the laboratory, the mechanism of resistance, inheritance of<br />resistance, genomics of resistance, and resistance<br />management. A policy and further study is also suggested for<br />insecticide resistance management in Indonesia.</p>

scholarly journals Recent Strategies for Detection and Improvement of Brown Planthopper Resistance Genes in Rice: A Review

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Bello Sani Haliru ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Norida Mazlan ◽  
Shairul Izan Ramlee ◽  
Isma’ila Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistant Genes

Brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stal) is considered the main rice insect pest in Asia. Several BPH-resistant varieties of rice have been bred previously and released for large-scale production in various rice-growing regions. However, the frequent surfacing of new BPH biotypes necessitates the evolution of new rice varieties that have a wide genetic base to overcome BPH attacks. Nowadays, with the introduction of molecular approaches in varietal development, it is possible to combine multiple genes from diverse sources into a single genetic background for durable resistance. At present, above 37 BPH-resistant genes/polygenes have been detected from wild species and indica varieties, which are situated on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Five BPH gene clusters have been identified from chromosomes 3, 4, 6, and 12. In addition, eight BPH-resistant genes have been successfully cloned. It is hoped that many more resistance genes will be explored through screening of additional domesticated and undomesticated species in due course.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Efek Pemberian Bioinsektisida dan Ekstrak Kompos terhadap Produksi Padi Ratun dan Populasi Serangga Hama

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Siti Herlinda ◽  
Amarilisa Kusuma ◽  
Suwandi . ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Production Labor ◽  
Compost Extract

The advantages of ratooning rice are to save water, cost production, labor, preparation time for planting and harvesting, but the ratooning productivity is still low.  This research aimed to study the effect of the bioinsecticide and compost extract on ratooning rice production and insect populations. The ratooning rice was applied by bioinsecticide, compost extract, and combination of bioinsecticide and compost extract with dose 2 L ha-1  per application, respectively. Data of agronomic variables were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, whereas insect pest population data were analyzed using Chi Square test. The seedling height of ratoon applied by compost extract was the highest among treatments. The number of productive tillers per clumps and rice production on plot applied by compost extract were higher than the insecticide treatment. At the age of 17 day-ratooning rice, application bioinsecticide reduced the population of insect pests, such as Ciccadulina bipunctata, Recilia dorsalis, Nilaparvata lugens, and Nephotettix nigropictus. Thus, application of compost extract tended to improved the growth and production of the ratooning rice, while the bioinsecticide decreased the insect pest population.<br />Keywords: Beauveria bassiana, rice growth, production

scholarly journals Characterization of gustatory receptor 7 in the brown planthopper reveals functional versatility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Ojha ◽  
Wenqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Gustatory Receptor ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Protein Ligands

AbstractInsect pests consume tastants as their necessary energy and nutrient sources. Gustatory receptors play important roles in insect life and can form within an extremely complicated regulatory network. However, there are still many gustatory genes that have a significant impact on insect physiology, but their functional mechanism is still unknown. Here, we purified and characterized a gustatory receptor (protein) coding gene, NlGr7, from the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, which is an important insect pest of rice. Our results revealed that NlGr7 has an active association with various ligands, such as lectins, lipids (phospho- and sphingolipid) and copper. The mass-spectrometry result showed that NlGr7 is a sugar receptor, and NlGr7 is validated by different types of insoluble polysaccharides and a varied range of tastants. Furthermore, we observed that NlGr7-bound ATP hydrolysed on the ATPase activity assay, which indicated that NlGr7 may be associated with important biological functions in the BPH. The important NlGr7 for chemoreception has now been characterized in the BPH. We showed that NlGr7 in the BPH is required for various protein-ligands, as well as protein-sugars interactions, to play crucial roles in this pest. This study will provide valuable information for further functional studies of chemoreception mechanisms in this important agricultural pest.

scholarly journals Produce certification and income risk management strategies of cocoa farming households in South-West Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
A. B. Oreyemi ◽  
R. A. Sanusi ◽  
L. O. Okojie ◽  
A. O. Olaiya ◽  
D. Akerele
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Income Risk ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
South West ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Farming Households

Agricultural produce certification is synonymous to farm assurance of which cocoa certification is an example; dealing with issues of Good Agricultural, Environmental and Social Practices (GAP, GEP and GSP) in cocoa production. Essentially, GAP, GEP and GSP packages had in-built mechanism that can aid farmers mitigate factors that could lead to farm income risks in cocoa production. Consequently, this study examined the influence of cocoa certification on income risks of cocoa farming households in South-west Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 180 cocoa farming households from whose heads data were obtained with interview schedule in Southwest Nigeria. Data were analyzed with Chi-square Statistic, Income Risk Management Diversification Index (IRD) and Mann-Whitney-U Test Statistic. Chi-square analysis shows that (52.3%) certified cocoa farming households employed more risk management strategies than (94.2%) uncertified cocoa farming households (p<0.01). The Mann-Whitney-U test revealed a significant difference (p>0.05) between the income risk management practices of certified and uncertified cocoa farming households. Therefore, produce certification has been helping cocoa farming households in mitigating farm income risk in cocoa production through the employment of diverse (risk) management strategies. Hence, stakeholders should intensify efforts in encouraging farming households to embrace (cocoa) produce certification.

scholarly journals Pillar Algorithm in K-Means Method for Identification Health Human Resources Availability Profile in Central Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
M. Nishom ◽  
Sharfina Febbi Handayani ◽  
Dairoh Dairoh
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Human Resource ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Health Human Resources ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Based on data from the Ministry of Health, the distribution ratio between health workers and patients in Indonesia is still not equal distributed. It influenced by the distribution of health human resources that are not in accordance with the ideal needs of health services. This results need to identify the profile of the availability of health human resources in Indonesia. In this study, an approach will be implemented to identify the profile of health human resources availability using K-Means Clustering with a combination of pillar algorithms in optimizing the selection of the initial cluster centroid. Chi-square analysis is used to determine the disparity in the needs of health human resources with the conditions of the availability of health human resources in the Central Java region. The data collection method used in this research is the observation method, while the scientific method used in this research is the K-Means Clustering method. The results showed that the application has been generated can dynamically determine the health human resource cluster based on the disparity category of health human resource availability in the Central Java region. In addition, the labeling of the Pillar K-Means cluster based on the Chi-square test has a high degree of accuracy, namely 80%.

Analysis of land tillage practices and related problems among rice farmers in the tropic of sub-saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Madu Ali Bwala ◽  
Saliu Akinlabi Tiamiyu ◽  
Alhaji Yanda Kolo
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Tillage Methods

The decision “to till” or “not to till” is premised on the farmers’ perception of the inherent negative effects of tilling vis-à-vis the crop output performance and the profitability of the farm venture. Land tillage practices and land related problems of farmers were assessed in Agricultural Zone I of Niger State, Nigeria. Furthermore, the relation between land related problems and rice production levels was also investigated. Cross sectional data was collected for the analysis using questionnaire from one hundred and twenty (120) rice farmers. Descriptive statistics as well as the Chi-Square Test were used to analyze data collected. Findings revealed that 40.8 % and 56.7% of the respondents utilize manual and mechanized tillage methods on their farms, respectively. Thus indicating a majority (97.5%) of the farmers intensively tilling the soil as a cultivation practice. Land related problems reported by farmers include induce errosion, loss of nutrient, insect pest attack and change in soil texture. Furthermore, it was also found that farmers operating at a higher level of production experience more land related problems on the fields. The Chi square analysis revealed a strong relationship between tillage method and prevalence of land related problems and incidences of pests and diseases. Also levels of production at which farmers operate was found to have a relationship with the incidence of tillage related problems observed on the farms. It is therefore the opinion of this study that agronomist need to research and put forward environmentally friendly tillage methods that best suits farmer needs in the study area. Furthermore, farmer education about the negative effects of tilling without recourse to the environment is also advocated.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 98-103, April 2018

scholarly journals NADPH Oxidase 5 Is Essential for Molting and Oviposition in a Rice Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Lu-Yao Peng ◽  
Zhen-Wei Dai ◽  
Rui-Rui Yang ◽  
Zhen Zhu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Nadph Oxidase 5

The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens is a typical monophagous insect herbivore that feeds exclusively on rice sap. This insect pest causes serious damage to rice crops throughout East Asian countries. Chemical control remains the first choice for managing N. lugens populations; however, the use of insecticides has given rise to planthopper resurgence and additional environmental risks. Nilaparvata lugens is a model insect of Hemiptera because its whole genome sequence has been elucidated and is susceptible to RNA interference. In this study, our findings revealed that a superoxide-generating gene, NADPH oxidase 5 (Nox5), is essential for molting and oviposition in a Hemipteran insect Nilaparvata lugens. Knockdown of Nox5 transcript levels by RNA interference in 2nd–5th-instar nymphs results in significantly lethal deficits in the molting transitions from nymph–nymph and nymph–adult. Nox5 knockdown leads to a reduction of hydrogen peroxide in female ovaries and failure of oviposition from the insect ovipositor into the rice leaf sheath. Here, we provide in vivo evidence demonstrating that Nox5 is a key enzyme for regulating molting and oviposition in this insect species.

scholarly journals Uji Ekstrak Daun Tithonia diversifolia sebagai Penghambat Daya Makan Nilaparvata lugens Stal. pada Oryza sativa L. (Evaluation of Tithonia diversifolia Leaf Extract as Feeding Capacity Inhibitor of Nilaparvata lugens in Oryza sativa L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri A. Mokodompit ◽  
Roni Koneri ◽  
Parluhutan Siahaan ◽  
Agustina M Tangapo
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Feeding Inhibition ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

AbstrakWereng Batang Coklat (WBC) (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) merupakan serangga hama yang dapat merusak tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.). Tanaman kipait (Tithonia diversifolia) berpotensi sebagai insektisida nabati karena memiliki senyawa toksik terhadap serangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aktifitas makan akibat pemberian ekstrak daun kipait. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun kipait yang digunakan adalah 0% (kontrol), 1%, 3%,5% dan 7% dalam RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dengan 5 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun kipait berpengaruh terhadap penghambatan daya makan WBC. Penghambatan makan tertinggi terjadi pada konsentrasi 7% setelah 24 jam.Kata kunci : penghambatan daya makan, Nilaparvata lugens Stal., Tithonia diversifoliaAbstractBrown planthopper (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) Is an insect pest that can damage rice plants (Oryza sativa L.). Kipait (Tithonia diversifolia) is potential as a bioinsecticide because it is toxic to insects. This study aimed to evaluate the feeding activity that was influenced by kipait leaf extract. The concentration of kipait leaf extract were 0% (control), 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%. The experiment design was CRD (completely randomized design) with 5 replications. The results showed that the kipait leaf extract influenced the feeding inhibition of BHP. The highest inhibition occurred in the concentration of 7% after 24 hours treatment.Keywords : brown planthopper, feeding inhibition, Tithonia diversifolia

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