Feeding and Reproductive Hosts of Spissistilus festinus (Say) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) Found in Californian Vineyards

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy R Preto ◽  
Mysore R Sudarshana ◽  
Frank G Zalom
Keyword(s):  
Spissistilus Festinus

scholarly journals Two Distinct Genotypes of Spissistilus festinus (Say, 1830) (Hemiptera, Membracidae) in the United States Revealed by Phylogenetic and Morphological Analyses

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cieniewicz ◽  
Victoria Poplaski ◽  
Melina Brunelli ◽  
Jason Dombroskie ◽  
Marc Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Spissistilus Festinus

Spissistilus festinus (Say, 1830) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) is a frequent pest of leguminous crops in the Southern United States, and a vector of grapevine red blotch virus. There is currently no information on the genetic diversity of S. festinus. In this study, populations of S. festinus were collected in 2015–2017 from various crops and geographic locations in the United States, and fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase 1 (mt-COI) gene and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region were characterized by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the mt-COI and ITS2 sequences yielded similar phylogenetic tree topologies, revealing two distinct genetic S. festinus lineages with all of the specimens from California comprising one phylogenetic clade, alongside a single GenBank entry from Arizona, and all specimens from the Southeastern United States comprising a statistically-supported distinct clade, regardless of host and year of collection. The mt-COI gene fragment showed up to 10.8% genetic distance between the two phylogenetic clades. These results suggest the existence of two genotypes within S. festinus in the United States. The only distinct morphological trait between the two genotypes was a less elevated pronotum in the representative specimens from California, compared to the representative specimens from the Southeastern United States. Since this phenotypic feature is inconspicuous, a diagnostic polymerase chain reaction targeting a variable region of the mt-COI fragment was developed to reliably distinguish between the specimens of the two genotypes of S. festinus and to facilitate their specific identification.

Seasonal Dynamics of Spissistilus festinus (Hemiptera: Membracidae) in a Californian Vineyard

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 1138-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy R Preto ◽  
Brian W Bahder ◽  
Emily N Bick ◽  
Mysore R Sudarshana ◽  
Frank G Zalom
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Spissistilus Festinus

Evaluation and Molecular Characterization of Beauveria bassiana for the Control of the Glassy-winged Sharpshooter (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in California

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra K. Dara ◽  
Michael R. McGuire ◽  
Mauricio Ulloa ◽  
Harry K. Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Homalodisca Coagulata ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Spissistilus Festinus ◽  
Fungus Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Almond Leaf Scorch

The glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), is an important pest on grapes, citrus, almonds and other commercial crops in California as it is a vector of Xylella fastidiosa Wells, a bacterium that causes Pierce's disease in grapes, citrus variegated chlorosis, almond leaf scorch and other plant diseases. Various entomopathogenic fungi isolated from natural infections of H. coagulata, its habitats and other insect hosts were evaluated against this insect vector. Based on these studies, 3 isolates of the hyphomycetous fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, were selected for further evaluation. Two of these were California isolates, one each from the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), and soil from H. coagulata habitat, and the third was a Texas isolate from natural infections of H. coagulata. All three were similar in their virulence to H. coagulata under laboratory conditions. The genetic relatedness of the B. bassiana isolates also was compared using single sequence repeat (SSR) markers which showed genetic diversity of this species based on the source of the isolate. Some isolates were 4× more infectious than others demonstrating that virulence of B. bassiana is not necessarily associated with their genetic relatedness.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of novel putative rhabdovirus and dsRNA virus from Japanese persimmon

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1917-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Ito ◽  
Koichi Suzaki ◽  
Masaaki Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Japanese Persimmon ◽  
Distinct Cluster ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Yellow Mottle ◽  
Spissistilus Festinus ◽  
Fungal Viruses

Deep-sequencing analysis of nucleic acids from leaf tissue of Japanese persimmon trees exhibiting fruit apex disorder in some fruits detected two molecules that were graft transmitted to healthy seedlings. One of the complete genomes consisted of 13 467 nt and encoded six genes similar to those of plant rhabdoviruses. The virus formed a distinct cluster in the genus Cytorhabdovirus with lettuce necrotic yellows virus, lettuce yellow mottle virus and strawberry crinkle virus in a phylogenetic tree based on the L protein (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RdRp). The other consisted of 7475 nt and shared a genome organization similar to those of some insect and fungal viruses having dsRNA genomes. In a phylogenetic tree using the RdRp sequence of several unassigned dsRNA viruses, the virus formed a possible new genus cluster with two insect viruses, Circulifer tenellus virus 1 and Spissistilus festinus virus 1, and one plant virus, cucurbit yellows-associated virus.

scholarly journals Treehopper voucher specimens collected in from Benton, Josephine, and Yamhill Counties, Oregon

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Dalton ◽  
Richard J Hilton ◽  
Dennis D Kopp ◽  
Vaughn M Walton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural History ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Willamette Valley ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Historical Presence ◽  
Spissistilus Festinus

Treehopper insect populations (Hemiptera: Membracidae) were surveyed in 2018 in Benton, Josephine, and Yamhill Counties, Oregon to determine their potential roles in the epidemiology of Grapevine red blotch virus. Stictocephala basalis and Tortistilus albidosparsus were identified through a taxonomic assessment of samples collected by hand near vineyards and in a natural area. Historical presence of Spissistilus festinus in the Willamette Valley is discussed. Voucher specimens were deposited in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection and at the United States National Museum of Natural History.

Timing the Implementation of Cultural Practices for Spissistilus festinus (Hemiptera: Membracidae) in California Vineyards Using a Stage-Structured Degree-Day Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2558-2562
Author(s):  
Emily N Bick ◽  
Cindy R Kron ◽  
Frank G Zalom
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Spissistilus Festinus

Abstract The three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), was shown to transmit Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), the causative agent for Grapevine red blotch disease, in a greenhouse study on grapes. GRBV is a major concern of wine grape growers due to its economic impact on wine quality. Plants in the family Fabaceae are preferred hosts of S. festinus and are commonly planted as cover crops or present in a vineyard’s native vegetation. In late winter, during grapevine dormancy, S. festinus migrate into vineyards to feed and reproduce on these cover crop and weed hosts. Tilling vineyard floor vegetation provides growers an opportunity to disrupt the life cycle of early instars that are relatively immobile, reducing the S. festinus first-generation population. Nymphal presence is difficult to detect. First through third instars were not detected in sweep net samples in a 2-yr weekly sampling study, whereas fourth and fifth instars were first found on the same sample date as emerging adults. A degree-day model was developed and successfully predicted when early S. festinus instars are present in the vineyard to aid in exploiting the time period when S. festinus is most susceptible to cultural control measures.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Ecology of Grapevine red blotch virus in a Diseased Vineyard

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Cieniewicz ◽  
Sarah J. Pethybridge ◽  
Gregory Loeb ◽  
Keith Perry ◽  
Marc Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Spissistilus Festinus

Limited information is available on the spread of Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV, genus Grablovirus, family Geminiviridae) in vineyards. To investigate ecological aspects of red blotch disease spread, sticky cards to catch flying insects were placed in 2015 (April to November) and 2016 (March to November) in a vineyard study site in California where disease incidence increased by nearly 20% between 2014 and 2016. Subsets of insect species or taxa were removed from sticky card traps and individual specimens were tested for the presence of GRBV by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. GRBV was consistently detected in Spissistilus festinus (Membracidae), Colladonus reductus (Cicadellidae), Osbornellus borealis (Cicadellidae), and a Melanoliarus sp. (Cixiidae). Populations of these four candidate vectors peaked from June to September, with viruliferous S. festinus peaking from late June to early July in both years. An assessment of co-occurrence and covariation between the spatial distribution of GRBV-infected vines and viruliferous insects identified a significant association only with viruliferous S. festinus. These findings revealed the epidemiological relevance of S. festinus as a vector of GRBV in a vineyard ecosystem. Sequencing coat protein and replicase-associated protein gene fragments of GRBV isolates from newly infected vines and viruliferous vector candidates further suggested secondary spread primarily from local sources and occasionally from background sources.

HISTOLOGY OF ANOMALOUS GROWTH AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS ASSOCIATED WITH MAINSTEM GIRDLING BY THREECORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER, SPISSISTILUS FESTINUS (SAY) (HOMOPTERA: MEMBRACIDAE) ON SOYBEAN1

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Johnson ◽  
A. J. Mueller ◽  
W. M. Harris ◽  
K. S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Spissistilus Festinus ◽  
Anomalous Growth

Cell and tissue structure of undamaged soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, stems were compared with those from the swollen area immediately above (< 1 cm) threecornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), girdles. Examination of epoxy - resin embedded transverse sections from the swollen stems revealed growth that differed significantly from the normal dicot structure. The anomalous growth consisted of vascular bundles scattered in the secondary phloem surrounded by parenchyma cells. Examination of Paraplast® embedded transverse and longitudinal sections of adventitious root - like growths arising from or above the swollen hypocotyl area revealed normal root structure.

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