Insects for Income Generation Through Animal Feed: Effect of Dietary Replacement of Soybean and Fish Meal With Black Soldier Fly Meal on Broiler Growth and Economic Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 1966-1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
V O Onsongo ◽  
I M Osuga ◽  
C K Gachuiri ◽  
A M Wachira ◽  
D M Miano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Feed Effect

Influence of different growing substrates and processing on the nutrient composition of black soldier fly larvae destined for animal feed

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tschirner ◽  
A. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Protein Group

Because of the ongoing depletion of fish stocks and thus continuously rising prices for fish meal, substitution possibilities are in demand. However, since alternate protein sources from plants are mostly of lower protein quality, feedstuff produced from the black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, Hermetia illucens, are considered promising alternatives. Hence, this study investigated the influence of different growing substrates on the crude nutrient and mineral composition of BSF larvae. The three tested substrates were a mixture of middlings (control group), dried distillers’ grains with solubles (protein group), and dried sugar beet pulp (fibre group). After a 15 day growing period, the total larvae yield of the control, protein and fibre groups amounted to 2.58, 0.93 and 0.43 kg wet mass, respectively, the crude protein content reached 37.2, 44.6 and 52.3% of dry matter (DM), respectively. Despite a relatively low methionine content of the BSF meal when compared to fish meal, it showed a good overall protein quality. Furthermore, the BSF meal contained about 50% less P than fish meal. Moreover, an accumulation of undesirable substances like heavy metals may occur and should be monitored during production. Because a lower fat content of BSF larvae would simplify further processing, in a second trial larvae yielded from the control group were pressed using 12 different conditions: pressures of 250 or 450 bar and temperatures of 50 or 60 °C, applied over 10, 20 or 30 min. The best fat reduction from 30.8 to 16.6% of DM was achieved by pressing at 250 bar, 50 °C and 30 min. In conclusion, the total yield of BSF larvae and their ingredients were highly influenced by the used growing substrates. Generally, a BSF meal could crucially contribute to substitute fish meal in animal nutrition.

scholarly journals Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as an Alternative Protein Source for Animal Feed

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 069 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Hari Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

<p class="awabstrak2">Increasing demand of protein source for animal feed, particularly fish meal and soybean meal has led to a problem in the future. It is a need to look for an alternative protein source, in order to meet amino acid requirements maintaining livestock production level. Insects possesing high quality, efficient dan rich protein content at all life stages such as Black Soldier Fly (BSF, <em>Hermetia illucens</em>) could be used as one of the alternatives. The flies grow and reproduce easily, have high feed efficiency and can be reared on bio-waste streams. These are neither pests nor vectors of diseases. Insect meal generally possesses levels of chemical contaminants which are below recommended maximum concentrations. The larvae have antibacterial (<em>Escherichia coli</em> O15:H7, <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar <em>Enteritidis</em>) and antiviral (enterovirus and adenovirus ) properties. Larvae of BSF could be scaled up easily and possess 40-50% protein content, including some essential amino acids that can be used to replace both fish meal and soybean meal in feed.</p>

scholarly journals Utilization of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens Linnaeus) Larvae as a Protein Source for Fish Feed: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Nkirote Nairuti ◽  
Sonnia Nzilani Musyoka ◽  
Mourine Jesire Yegon ◽  
Mary Adhiambo Opiyo
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
The Cost

Aquaculture plays a major role in curbing malnutrition and food insecurity. Nonetheless, aquaculture sustainability is threatened by expensive fish feeds due to the overreliance on fish meal (FM) as the main source of protein. Fish meal is not only expensive but also scarce due to declining capture fisheries and competition from other animal feed producers. This has prompted research on potential FM replacers, amongst them the black soldier fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens). The BSF larvae can effectively convert organic wastes into a potential valuable feed source, and its high nutritional content (crude protein of up to 64% dry matter) is vital for fish feed formulation. Nevertheless, there are no documented studies on the complete replacement of FM in the diets of fish using BSF larvae. Therefore, the current study reviewed 107 research publications related to BSF larvae vis-a-visfish feeds production to build capacity for existing theories, identify gaps, and suggest new and further research directions, based on the previous studies available in the area of larvae production and utilization in aquaculture nutrition. The study results are expected to help farmers make an informed decision on how to reduce the cost of fish production, increase yields, thus promoting food security, livelihoods, and ecological balance.

scholarly journals A high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas N Generalovic ◽  
Shane A McCarthy ◽  
Ian A Warren ◽  
Jonathan M D Wood ◽  
James Torrance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Runs Of Homozygosity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Chromosome Conformation ◽  
Important Species

Abstract Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is an increasingly important species for bioconversion of organic material into animal feed. We generated a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly of the BSF using Pacific Bioscience, 10X Genomics linked read and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture sequencing technology. Scaffolding the final assembly with Hi-C data produced a highly contiguous 1.01 Gb genome with 99.75% of scaffolds assembled into pseudochromosomes representing seven chromosomes with 16.01 Mb contig and 180.46 Mb scaffold N50 values. The highly complete genome obtained a BUSCO completeness of 98.6%. We masked 67.32% of the genome as repetitive sequences and annotated a total of 16,478 protein-coding genes using the BRAKER2 pipeline. We analysed an established lab population to investigate the genomic variation and architecture of the BSF revealing six autosomes and an X chromosome. Additionally, we estimated the inbreeding coefficient (1.9%) of a lab population by assessing runs of homozygosity. This provided evidence for inbreeding events including long runs of homozygosity on chromosome five. Release of this novel chromosome-scale BSF genome assembly will provide an improved resource for further genomic studies, functional characterisation of genes of interest and genetic modification of this economically important species.

Impact of age, size, and sex on adult black soldier fly [Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)] thermal preference

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
N.F. Addeo ◽  
C. Li ◽  
T.W. Rusch ◽  
A.J. Dickerson ◽  
A.M. Tarone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Thermal Preference ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

Population growth and rapid urbanisation have increased the global demand for animal feed and protein sources. Therefore, traditional animal feed production should be increased through the use of alternative nutrient sources. Insects as feed are beginning to fill this need. One such insect is the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). However, to more effectively mass produce the black soldier fly, a better understanding of its thermal biology is needed. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of age, size, and sex on adult black soldier fly thermal preference. The thermal preference of adult black soldier flies was determined by exposing flies to a thermal gradient with a range of surface temperatures and monitoring their positions over time. An aluminium plate was used to create a linear thermal gradient where surface temperatures ranged from ~15-60 °C. Flies were distinguished by age (1-d-post-emergence vs 7-d-post-emergence), size (large vs small) and sex (male vs female) to assess whether thermal preference differed by specific life-history traits. Thermal preference for 7-d-post-emergence adults was significantly lower (19.2 °C) than 1-d-post-emergence adults (28.7 °C), respectively. Similarly, small adults selected significantly cooler (21.1 °C) temperatures than large adults (26.9 °C). No significant differences in thermal preferences were found between sex, regardless of age or size. In fact, males and females had similar thermal preference of 23.8 and 24.2 °C, respectively. This study reveals that multiple life-history traits of adult black soldier fly affect their thermal preference, and thus should be taken into consideration by mass rearing facilities to optimize production.

Kajian Pengelolaan Biokonversi Sampah Organik melalui Budidaya Maggot Black Soldier Fly (Studi Kasus: PKPS Medan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Restu Auliani ◽  
Bella Elsaday ◽  
Desy Ari Apsari ◽  
Helfi Nolia
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Regulatory Aspect ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Market Trader

The cultivation of maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is a bioconversion technology of organic matter that can be one solution to the problem of organic waste. This study aims to examine aspects of organic waste management through BSF Medan maggot cultivation, including operational technical, financing, institutional, regulatory and community and government participation aspects. This research is a descriptive observational study with an exploratory study approach using the interview method. Descriptive and quantitative data processing and analysis. Based on operational technical aspects, maggot cultivation has succeeded in converting organic waste into a source of animal feed protein and reducing the amount of organic waste. The amount of organic waste that is managed is 90kg/day with an effectiveness of 0.013% the total domestic waste in Medan. The financing and institutional aspects of waste management are managed in an organized manner through a cooperative body, namely the Primary Waste Management Cooperative (PKPS) Medan. The regulatory aspect that is used as reference is Medan Mayor Regulation No. 26 of 2019. Aspects of community participation directly from members of the cooperative and the Laucih wholesale market trader in Medan City. This bioconversion technology is able to overcome the problem of waste in an effort to reduce organic waste.

scholarly journals Performance of Multiple Borrowing Clients in Gandaki Province of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Bharat Ram Dhungana ◽  
Ramkrishna Chapagain
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The multiple borrowing problems are more common in microfinance institutions in Nepal. The study aims to evaluate the performance of multiple borrowing clients in Gandaki province of Nepal with reference to Muktinath Bikas Bank Limited (MBBL). The performance of multiple borrowing clients, in terms of women empowerment, consumption expenditure, capital expenditure, micro-enterprises creation, saving, investment, and profit, has been examined with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. The study has been confined to five districts of Gandaki province and the data have been collected from MBBL clients who are involved in microfinance intervention at least from the last five or more years. The performance of most of the observed clients was empowered by microfinance activities but no significant difference in terms of changes in the livelihood parameters. Although microfinance programmes empower clients, the results of the investment, saving, micro-enterprises creation, capital and consumption expenditure, and income generation of clients are not convincing. The regulatory authority should identify the problems of multiple borrowing whether the financing from microfinance institutions is just for their profit or for productive application of loan. The socio-economic performance of clients is connected with the effective monitoring of clients made by microfinance institutions whether the loan has been properly utilized or not.

scholarly journals Life on a piece of cake: performance and fatty acid profiles of black soldier fly larvae fed oilseed by-products

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
S.J.J. Schreven ◽  
S. Yener ◽  
H.J.F. van Valenberg ◽  
M. Dicke ◽  
J.J.A. van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
By Products

The oilseed crops Crambe abyssinica and Camelina sativa produce oils rich in erucic acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), respectively. After pressing the oil, a seed cake remains as a protein-rich by-product. Edible insects may convert this seed press cake and the defatted seed meal produced from it into insect biomass suitable for animal feed. Black soldier fly larvae (BSF, Hermetia illucens) can grow on a wide range of organic waste types, but may be hindered by excess protein or the plant toxins characteristic for these two oilseed crops, i.e. glucosinolates and their breakdown products. We tested the effects of 25, 50 and 100% oilseed by-product inclusion in the diet on survival, development, biomass production and fatty acid composition of BSF larvae. Larval performance on diets with up to 50% camelina by-product or 25% crambe by-product was similar to performance on control diet (chicken feed), and decreased with higher inclusion percentages. Larval fatty acid profiles differed significantly among diets, with larvae fed press cake more distinct from control than larvae fed seed meal. Larvae fed camelina press cake had more α-linolenic acid, whereas larvae fed crambe contained most oleic acid. The n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio decreased with increasing proportion of by-product, especially on camelina diets. Lauric acid content was highest in larvae fed 100% camelina meal or 50% crambe meal. These results indicate that BSF larvae can be successfully grown on diets with camelina or crambe oilseed by-products, and that the resulting larval n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio is favourable for animal feed. However, the fate of glucosinolates and their derivatives remains to be determined, to guarantee chemical safety of camelina- or crambe-fed BSF larvae for animal feed.

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