First Findings in the Route of the Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma Within Its VectorDalbulus maidis(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 966-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. García González ◽  
F. A. Ossamu Tanaka ◽  
J. R. Spotti Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma

scholarly journals Effect of phytoplasma infection on the activity of peroxidase, β-1,3 glucanase and chitinase in corn plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-198
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Bruno Junqueira ◽  
Ivan Paulo Bedendo ◽  
Sérgio Florentino Pascholati
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dalbulus Maidis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Corn Hybrid

In the present work we studied the effect of inoculating corn plants with the maize bushy stunt phytoplasma on the activity of the enzymes peroxidase, β-1,3 glucanase and chitinase. The experiments were carried out inside a greenhouse. Plants of a resistant and a susceptible corn hybrid were inoculated by using infective Dalbulus maidis leafhoppers 10 days after sowing. When symptoms started to appear, leaf samples were collected at different periods to quantify enzyme activity. The results showed an increase in the activity of the three enzymes in inoculated plants of both hybrids. In general, the values observed for the level of the different enzymes were higher in the susceptible hybrid when compared to the resistant one. Thus, the increases in peroxidase, β-1,3 glucanase and chitinase levels in inoculated plants are evidence of changes in the host metabolism caused by the phytoplasma. On the other hand, since the increases could not be correlated with plant resistance further studies are needed to explain such changes.

scholarly journals A few sequence polymorphisms among isolates of Maize bushy stunt phytoplasma associate with organ proliferation symptoms of infected maize plants

2017 ◽  
pp. mcw213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zigmunds Orlovskis ◽  
Maria Cristina Canale ◽  
Mindia Haryono ◽  
João Roberto Spotti Lopes ◽  
Chih-Horng Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Polymorphisms ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma

scholarly journals Ocorrência de doenças causadas por molicutes e por vírus em milho nas Províncias de Tucumán e de Córdoba na Argentina

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA P. GIMÉNEZ PECCI ◽  
ELIZABETH DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
RENATO O. RESENDE ◽  
IRMA G. LAGUNA ◽  
LUÍS R CONCI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus ◽  
Dalbulus Maidis ◽  
Delphacodes Kuscheli ◽  
Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus

A incidência de doenças causadas por molicutes e por vírus foi avaliada em lavouras de milho (Zea mays) nas Províncias de Tucumán e de Córdoba, na Argentina, em fevereiro de 2000. Na Província de Tucumán verificou-se que 44% das lavouras apresentaram altos níveis de incidência de plantas com sintomas de enfezamentos causados por molicutes (50 a 100%), em altitudes variando de 300 a 2.000 m. A presença de fitoplasma e de espiroplasma foi confirmada em amostras de folhas de plantas com sintomas de enfezamentos, através dos testes de PCR e de "Western blotting". Constatou-se, porém, que a eficiência desses testes para detecção destes patógenos, quando os sintomas apresentados pelas plantas eram muito acentuados, foi da ordem de 70%, e de apenas 30% quando os sintomas eram menos acentuados. Na localidade Jesus Maria, foram encontradas plantas apresentando acentuado nanismo, folhas estreitas e com deformações. Dentre quatro amostras destas plantas, submetidas a testes de PCR, em duas foi detectada a presença de fitoplasma, possivelmente d istinto do "Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma". A cigarrinha Dalbulus maidis, inseto vetor dos molicutes, foi encontrada apenas em Tucumán, estando ausente em Córdoba. O Mal de Rio Cuarto virus foi detectado em seis lavouras em Córdoba, e em três em Tucumán. A cigarrinha Delphacodes kuscheli foi detectada em todas as lavouras em Córdoba, e em apenas três lavouras em Tucumán. O Maize dwarf mosaic virus foi detectado em cerca de 60% das lavouras amostradas nas duas Províncias e o Maize rayado fino virus em apenas uma localidade em Tucumán.

Maize bushy stunt phytoplasma in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth De Oliveira ◽  
Charles Martins De Oliveira ◽  
Elena Charlotte Landau
Keyword(s):  
Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence for the Presence of Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma in Corn in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 957-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Bedendo ◽  
R. E. Davis ◽  
E. L. Dally
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Leaf Reddening ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma

Previously, electron microscopy revealed that the corn (Zea mays L.) disease characterized by stunting and leaf reddening and commonly known as “red stunt” in Brazil is associated with plant infection by an unidentified phytoplasma (formerly mycoplasmalike organism) (1). During recent years, corn production in Brazil has been seriously affected by the increasing prevalence of a disease exhibiting symptoms similar to those of “red stunt.” The present investigation was initiated to determine the possible association of a phytoplasma with the current disease problem and to attain definitive molecular identification of any associated phytoplasma. To detect the possible presence of a phytoplasma in diseased corn in Brazil, plants exhibiting symptoms of stunting and leaf reddening in the field in 1995 and 1996 were assayed for the presence of phytoplasma DNA sequences by the use of polymerase chain reactions (PCR). We used primer pairs R16mF2/R16mR1 and R16F2n/R16R2 in nested PCRs (2) to prime phytoplasma-universal amplification of 16S ribosomal (r) DNA. Oligonucleotide pair rpF1/rpR1 (3) was used to prime phytoplasma-universal amplification of ribosomal protein (rp) gene operon sequences. Phytoplasma identification was accomplished by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of amplified 16S rDNA and rp gene operon sequences. Primer pair MBS-F1/MBS-R1 (4) was used to prime amplification of a maize bushy stunt (MBS)-specific chromosomal DNA sequence. Preparation of template DNAs, PCR conditions, and RFLP analyses of PCR products were as previously described (2–4). DNA amplification was observed in all PCRs containing template DNAs derived from symptomatic plants, indicating phytoplasmal infection of corn in Brazil. No DNA amplification was observed in PCR containing template DNA from healthy control corn plants. Polymorphisms in amplified 16S rDNA were those characteristic of phytoplasmas classified in 16S rRNA gene group 16SrI, subgroup I-B, of which MBS phytoplasma is a member (3). Collective RFLP patterns of amplified rp gene operon sequences were similar or identical to those observed in parallel tests for a known reference strain of MBS phytoplasma, indicating that the Brazilian corn plants were infected by MBS phytoplasma. Amplification of MBS-characteristic DNA was observed in PCRs containing MBS-specific primer pair MBS-F1/MBS-R1 and DNA from diseased corn, confirming infection of the plants by MBS phytoplasma. This work provides the first firm evidence for association of maize bushy stunt phytoplasma with the current disease problem of corn in Brazil. References: (1) A. S. Costa et al. Rev. Soc. Bras. Fitopatol. Piracicaba 4:39, 1971. (2) D. E. Gundersen and I.-M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35: 144,1996. (3) D. E. Gundersen et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:64, 1996. (4) N. A. Harrison et al. Plant Dis. 80:263, 1996.

scholarly journals Incidência de viroses e enfezamentos e estimativa de perdas causadas por molicutes em milho no Paraná

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth de Oliveira ◽  
Renato de Oliveira Resende ◽  
María de la Paz Giménez Pecci ◽  
Irma Graciela Laguna ◽  
Patricia Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus ◽  
Dalbulus Maidis ◽  
Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a incidência de viroses e enfezamentos e estimar as perdas causadas por enfezamentos na cultura do milho safrinha. Os diagnósticos baseados em sintomas foram confirmados por PCR ou RTPCR. Em todas as lavouras, foram identificadas plantas com sintomas de enfezamentos, em incidência de 6,2% a 49,9% (média de 20,7%). Na identificação de insetos vetores desses patógenos, a cigarrinha Dalbulus maidis foi detectada em 20 lavouras das 24 amostradas, constituindo 66,6% do total de espécimens de cigarrinhas coletadas. A perda potencial causada pelos enfezamentos no período foi estimada em cerca de 16,5 milhões de dólares. A ocorrência de plantas com sintomas de "Maize rayado fino virus" e "Maize dwarf mosaic virus" foi baixa e o diagnóstico confirmado por RTPCR. A análise de 441 amostras suspeitas de infecção por "Mal de Río Cuarto virus", por DASELISA, mostrou ausência desse vírus. Resultados de PCR indicaram a presença de um possível fitoplasma distinto de "Maize bushy stunt phytoplasma" em duas plantas apresentando nanismo acentuado, folhas estreitas, enrijecidas, com deformações, e grãos na inflorescência, havendo necessidade de mais estudos para a confirmação da identidade desse possível novo fitoplasma.

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