Jasmonic Acid-Isoleucine (JA-Ile) Is Involved in the Host-Plant Resistance Mechanism Against the Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2972-2978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley D Yates-Stewart ◽  
Adrian Pekarcik ◽  
Andy Michel ◽  
Joshua J Blakeslee
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Soybean Resistance

Abstract Host-plant resistance (HPR) is an important tool for pest management, affording both economic and environmental benefits. The mechanisms of aphid resistance in soybean are not well understood, but likely involve the induction of the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, and possibly other phytohormone signals involved in plant defense responses. Despite the efficacy of aphid resistance in soybean, virulent aphids have overcome this resistance through mostly unknown mechanisms. Here, we have used metabolomic tools to define the role of plant phytohormones, especially the JA pathway, in regulating interactions between aphid-resistant soybean and virulent aphids. We hypothesized that virulent aphids avoid or suppress the JA pathway to overcome aphid resistance. Our results suggested that aphid-resistant soybean increased accumulation of JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) only when infested with avirulent aphids; virulent aphids did not cause induction of JA-Ile. Further, applying JA-Ile to aphid-resistant soybean reduced subsequent virulent aphid populations. The concentrations of other phytohormones remained unchanged due to aphid feeding, highlighting the importance of JA-Ile in this interaction. These results increase our knowledge of soybean resistance mechanisms against soybean aphids and contribute to our understanding of aphid virulence mechanisms, which will in turn promote the durability of HPR.

scholarly journals The Probing Behavior Component of Disease Transmission in Insect-Transmitted Bacterial Plant Pathogens

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

Insects can be effective vectors of plant diseases and this may result in billions of dollars in lost agricultural productivity. New, emerging or introduced diseases will continue to cause extensive damage in afflicted areas. Understanding how the vector acquires the pathogen and inoculates new hosts is critical in developing effective management strategies. Management may be an insecticide applied to kill the vector or a host plant resistance mechanism to make the host plant less suitable for the vector. In either case, the tactic must act before the insect performs the key behavior(s) resulting in either acquisition or transmission. This requires knowledge of the timing of behaviors the insect uses to probe the plant and commence ingestion. These behaviors are visualized using electropenetrography (EPG), wherein the plant and insect become part of an electrical circuit. With the tools to define specific steps in the probing process, we can understand the timing of acquisition and inoculation. With that understanding comes the potential for more relevant testing of management strategies, through insecticides or host plant resistance. The primary example will be Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus transmitted by Diaphorina citri Kuwayama in the citrus agroecosystem, with additional examples used as appropriate.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Natural, Engineered, and Combined Resistance Mechanisms in Potato for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Coombs ◽  
David S Douches ◽  
Wenbin Li ◽  
Edward J. Grafius ◽  
Walter L. Pett
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is the leading insect pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern latitudes. Host plant resistance has the potential use in an integrated pest management program for control of colorado potato beetle. During the 1998 and 1999 seasons, field studies were conducted to compare natural (leptine glycoalkaloids and glandular trichomes), engineered (Bt-cry3A and Bt-cry5 transgenic potato lines), and combined (Bt-cry5+glandular trichomes) plant resistance mechanisms of potato for control of colorado potato beetle. Nine different potato clones representing five different host plant resistance mechanisms were evaluated under natural colorado potato beetle infestation at the Montcalm Research Farm in Entrican, Michigan. The Bt-cry3A transgenic lines, the high leptine line (USDA8380-1), and the high foliar glycoalkaloid line (ND5873-15) were most effective for controlling defoliation by colorado potato beetle adults and larvae. The Bt-cry5 line (SPc5-G2) was not as effective as the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines ('Russet Burbank Newleaf,' RBN15, and YGc3.1). The glandular trichome (NYL235-4) and Bt-cry5+glandular trichome lines proved to be ineffective. Significant rank correlations for the potato lines between the two years were observed for egg masses, second and third instar, and fourth instar seasonal cumulative mean number of individuals per plant, and defoliation. Egg mass and first instar seasonal cumulative mean number of individuals per plant were not strong indicators of host plant resistance in contrast to second and third instars or adults. Based on these results, the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines, the high leptine line, and the high total glycoalkaloid line are effective host plant resistance mechanisms for control of colorado potato beetle.

scholarly journals Combining Natural and Engineered Host Plant Resistance Mechanisms in Potato for Colorado Potato Beetle: Choice and No-choice Field Studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Coombs ◽  
David S. Douches ◽  
Susannah G. Cooper ◽  
Edward J. Grafius ◽  
Walter L. Pett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) is the leading insect pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern latitudes. Host plant resistance is an important tool in an integrated pest management program for controlling insect pests. Field studies were conducted to compare natural host plant resistance mechanisms (glandular trichomes and Solanum chacoense Bitter-derived resistance), engineered [Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner Bt-cry3A], and combined (glandular trichomes + Bt-cry3A and S. chacoense-derived resistance + Bt-cry3A transgenic potato lines) sources of resistance for control of colorado potato beetle. Six different potato clones representing five different host plant resistance mechanisms were evaluated for 2 years in a field situation under natural colorado potato beetle pressure in Michigan and New York, and in a no-choice field cage study in Michigan. In the field studies, the S. chacoense-derived resistance line, Bt-cry3A transgenic, and combined resistance lines were effective in controlling defoliation by colorado potato beetle adults and larvae. Effectively no feeding was observed in the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines. The glandular trichome line suffered less defoliation than the susceptible control, but had greater defoliation than the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines and the S. chacoense-derived resistance line. In the no-choice cage study, the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines and the combined resistance lines were effective in controlling feeding by colorado potato beetle adults and larvae with no defoliation observed. The S. chacoense-derived resistance line and the glandular trichome line suffered less defoliation than the susceptible control. Based on the results of the field trials and no-choice field cage studies, these host plant resistance mechanisms could be used to develop potato varieties for use in a resistance management program for control of colorado potato beetle.

Determining the host-plant resistance mechanisms forMamestra brassicae(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) pest in cabbage

2014 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Cartea ◽  
P. Soengas ◽  
T. Sotelo ◽  
R. Abilleira ◽  
P. Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms

scholarly journals An Overview of the Bionomics, Host Plant Resistance and Molecular Perspectives of Sesamia inferens Walker in Cereals and Millets

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1705
Author(s):  
Niranjanadevi Jeevanandham ◽  
Nalini Ramiah ◽  
Vanniarajan Chockalingam ◽  
Ramalingam Jegadeesan
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Sesamia Inferens ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Trait Locus

There is an urgent need to enhance agricultural production as well as productivity to meet the food demand of the growing population, estimated to be 10 billion by 2050, using a holistic and sustainable approach. The daily food sources for almost three-fourth of the global population, cereals and millets, are prone to several biotic factors and abiotic pressures. In particular, cereals and millet cultivation are limited by the polyphagous pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens Walker (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) gaining national importance, since its larvae and pupae are concealed within the stem, none of the management measures have been found effective in controlling the menace. However, host plant resistance (HPR) is a reasonable and ecologically safe method wherein resistance mechanisms of crops could lower the stem borer infestation. The foremost challenge in understanding the mechanism would be to detecting the genes of interest in the crop using novel biotechnological approaches. The fundamental criterion for developing insect-resistant lines relies on recognizing the mechanism of plant resistance. The entire life cycle of this group of borers is completed or hidden within the stem, posing a hurdle in their management. Thus, molecular markers and Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping offer a more efficient approach to entomologists and plant breeders wherein they can work with traits like QTLs for stem borer resistance. In this review, an attempt has been made to provide an extensive summary of the host range and crop losses due to this borer, besides its taxonomic position, geographic distribution, bionomics, genetics of resistance, and molecular perspectives.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Responses of Resistant and Susceptible Wheat Exposed to Wheat Curl Mite

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2703
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Kiani ◽  
Becky Bryan ◽  
Charles Rush ◽  
Adrianna Szczepaniec
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: The wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer) is a key pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. While a number of wheat cultivars resistant to the mites have been employed to minimize the impact on the yield and quality of grain, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying host plant resistance. Therefore, the goal of this study was to explore changes in transcriptome of resistant and susceptible wheat in order to quantify the molecular changes that drive host plant resistance. (2) Methods: Two varieties, wheat curl mite-susceptible (Karl 92) and wheat curl mite-resistant (TAM112) wheat, both at 2-week postemergence, were used in this study. Half of the plants were exposed to wheat curl mite herbivory and half remained mite-free and served as controls. Transcriptome changes were quantified using RNA-seq and compared among treatments to identify genes and pathways affected by herbivores. (3) Results: We identified a number of genes and pathways involved in plant defenses against pathogens, herbivores, and abiotic stress that were differentially expressed in the resistant wheat exposed to wheat curl mite herbivory but were unaffected in the susceptible wheat. (4) Conclusions: Our outcomes indicated that resistant wheat counteracts wheat curl mite exposure through effective induction of genes and pathways that enhance its defense responses.

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