scholarly journals The Venom Compound N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide Attracts Several Polistes (Fuscopolistes) Species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1073-1079
Author(s):  
Dane C Elmquist ◽  
Peter J Landolt ◽  
William Rodney Cooper ◽  
Hal Reed ◽  
Jillian Foutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Paper Wasps ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pest Status ◽  
Polistes Metricus ◽  
Chemical Attractants ◽  
Polistes Aurifer

Abstract Polistes paper wasps in the Fuscopolistes subgenus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) can be serious pests when they swarm at tall man-made structures. Chemical attractants may be useful to trap such paper wasps when they achieve pest status. Polistes venom has been shown to elicit a variety of behavioral responses in congeneric wasps, making it a source for potential chemical attractants. The compound N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide is a principal volatile component in the venom of many female vespid wasps, including numerous Polistes species. We report the presence of N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide in autumn gynes of Polistes metricus Say, Polistes bellicosus Cresson, and Polistes dorsalis (F.), as well as workers of Polistes aurifer (Saussure), P. bellicosus, P. metricus, and P. dorsalis. In field tests conducted in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and Washington, N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide attracted male and female P. aurifer and P. metricus, as well as male P. dorsalis and P. bellicosus. Thus, N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide may be a useful lure for trapping these paper wasps in pest situations.

Invasion of Personal Space as a Function of Age, Sex, and Race

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry M. Dean ◽  
Frank N. Willis ◽  
James M. La Rocco
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Black And White

Reactions to the invasion of personal space in terms of age, sex, and race of the invaders were investigated. Children, grouped by sex (male and female), race (black and white), and age (5, 8, and 10 yr. old), invaded the personal space of 192 adults grouped by sex (male and female) and race (black and white). The six types of behavioral responses were: avoidance, aggression, exploratory behavior, facilitative behavior, excess motor activity, and failure to respond. Responses to personal space invasion were not affected by sex. Blacks responded more often than whites but did not differ with regard to any particular type of behavioral response. Age of the invader had a significant effect on type of response given by adults whose personal space was invaded. It was concluded that the age of the invader was much more important than race or sex in determining the response to invasion of personal space.

scholarly journals A horizontally polarizing liquid trap enhances the tabanid-capturing efficiency of the classic canopy trap

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. Egri ◽  
M. Blahó ◽  
D. Száz ◽  
G. Kriska ◽  
J. Majer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Liquid Trap ◽  
Black Sphere ◽  
Combined Trap

AbstractHost-seeking female tabanid flies, that need mammalian blood for the development of their eggs, can be captured by the classic canopy trap with an elevated shiny black sphere as a luring visual target. The design of more efficient tabanid traps is important for stock-breeders to control tabanids, since these blood-sucking insects can cause severe problems for livestock, especially for horse- and cattle-keepers: reduced meat/milk production in cattle farms, horses cannot be ridden, decreased quality of hides due to biting scars. We show here that male and female tabanids can be caught by a novel, weather-proof liquid-filled black tray laid on the ground, because the strongly and horizontally polarized light reflected from the black liquid surface attracts water-seeking polarotactic tabanids. We performed field experiments to reveal the ideal elevation of the liquid trap and to compare the tabanid-capturing efficiency of three different traps: (1) the classic canopy trap, (2) the new polarization liquid trap, and (3) the combination of the two traps. In field tests, we showed that the combined trap captures 2.4–8.2 times more tabanids than the canopy trap alone. The reason for the larger efficiency of the combined trap is that it captures simultaneously the host-seeking female and the water-seeking male and female tabanids. We suggest supplementing the traditional canopy trap with the new liquid trap in order to enhance the tabanid-capturing efficiency.

scholarly journals Behavioral responses to physical vs. social novelty in male and female laboratory rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia A. Cavigelli ◽  
Kerry C. Michael ◽  
Sheila G. West ◽  
Laura Cousino Klein
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Female Laboratory

Acute effects of ethanol on behavioral responses of male and female zebrafish in the open field test with the influence of a non-familiar object

2021 ◽  
pp. 104474
Author(s):  
Thiele P. Souza ◽  
Francini Franscescon ◽  
Flavia V. Stefanello ◽  
Talise E. Müller ◽  
Laura W. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Familiar Object ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Zebrafish

scholarly journals Pair-housing of male and female rats during chronic stress exposure results in gender-specific behavioral responses

2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Westenbroek ◽  
T.A.B. Snijders ◽  
J.A. den Boer ◽  
M. Gerrits ◽  
D.S. Fokkema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals Transitive inference in Polistes paper wasps

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 20190015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Tibbetts ◽  
Jorge Agudelo ◽  
Sohini Pandit ◽  
Jessica Riojas
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Transitive Inference ◽  
Paper Wasps ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Polistes Metricus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
In Series ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Underlying Dimension

Transitive inference (TI) is a form of logical reasoning that involves using known relationships to infer unknown relationships (A > B; B > C; then A > C). TI has been found in a wide range of vertebrates but not in insects. Here, we test whether Polistes dominula and Polistes metricus paper wasps can solve a TI problem. Wasps were trained to discriminate between five elements in series (A 0 B−, B 0 C−, C 0 D−, D 0 E−), then tested on novel, untrained pairs (B versus D). Consistent with TI, wasps chose B more frequently than D. Wasps organized the trained stimuli into an implicit hierarchy and used TI to choose between untrained pairs. Species that form social hierarchies like Polistes may be predisposed to spontaneously organize information along a common underlying dimension. This work contributes to a growing body of evidence that the miniature nervous system of insects does not limit sophisticated behaviours.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Tomicus minor (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to host volatiles

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Hua ◽  
Wang Hong-Wei ◽  
Yang Wei ◽  
Yang Chun-Ping
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Forest Pest ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Host Volatiles ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pinus Yunnanensis ◽  
Pine Shoot Beetle ◽  
Tomicus Minor ◽  
Plant Compounds

To screen for host volatiles that effectively attract the lesser pine shoot beetle, Tomicus minor (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), an important forest pest, water vapor distillation extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were combined to analyze volatiles emitted from uninfested and infested shoots of Pinus yunnanensis (Pinaceae). Electroantennography and Y-tube olfactometer behavioral tests were used to compare and analyze the responses of male and female beetles to each of selected eight compounds. The spectrometry results showed that monoterpenes are the primary chemicals emitted by P. yunnanensis. The electroantennogram responses of adult T. minor to six of the plant compounds peaked at 10 μg/μL; the exceptions were terpinolene and myrcene, which had maxima above 100 μg/μL. (+)-α-Pinene and β-phellandrene were strongly attractiveto the male and female adults.

scholarly journals Behavioral responses following repeated bilateral frontal region closed head impacts and fear conditioning in male and female mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 1750 ◽  
pp. 147147
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Vu ◽  
Eileen H. McNamara ◽  
Jiong Liu ◽  
Laura B. Tucker ◽  
Amanda H. Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Frontal Region ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Closed Head
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