Effects of Pesticide Applications on the Euonymus Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) and Its Parasitoid, Encarsia citrina (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Rebek ◽  
Clifford S. Sadof
Keyword(s):  
Euonymus Scale ◽  
Encarsia Citrina

Distribution of Natural Enemies of Euonymus Scale, Unaspis euonymi (Comstock), in Virginia

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Jefferson ◽  
P. B. Schultz ◽  
M. D. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Chilocorus Kuwanae ◽  
Euonymus Scale ◽  
Unaspis Euonymi

The colonization of Chilocorus kuwanae (Silvestri) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Cybocephalus nipponicus (Endrody-Younga) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), introduced predators of euonymus scale, Unaspis euonymi L., was evaluated on evergreen euonymus scale, Euonymus japonica L., by regional and statewide surveying. This study determined the statewide distribution of the native parasites of euonymus scale, Aspidiotiphagus spp. and Encarsia spp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Highest recovery incidences were from 18 of the 41 survey sites on 25 May. The survey established the survival and dispersal of C. kuwanae in metropolitan areas of Virginia with recoveries in 8 of the 12 cities.

scholarly journals THE ODOUR OF COCCIDAE

1899 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-88
Author(s):  
W. G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Scale Insects ◽  
Euonymus Scale

I have been much interested in reading the notes upon the odour of scale insects by Professors Webster and Cockerell in the January and February issues of this journal. Durning my inspections in orchards and nurseries I have frequently detected the odour emitte by Aspidiotus perniciosus, mentioned by Webster, especially where the trees were badly infested, and have wondered what relationship it bore to the species. I have detected the most pronounced odours, however, in the genera Chionaspis and Lecanium. The odour produced by the Euonymus scale, Chionaspis euonymi, is very unpleasant to some persons. It is most marked upon badly infested, freshly cut twigs. If they are left in a tightly closed room for a few hours, the air will become very foul.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness ofChilocorus kuwanae(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Suppressing Euonymus Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Van Driesche ◽  
Karen Idoine ◽  
Mike Rose ◽  
Mike Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Euonymus Scale

scholarly journals Suitability of Five Horticulturally Important Armored Scale Insects as Hosts for an Exotic Predaceous Lady Beetle1

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda C. Bull ◽  
Michael J. Raupp ◽  
Mark R. Hardin ◽  
Clifford S. Sadof
Keyword(s):  
Pupal Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Aspidiotus Nerii ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona ◽  
Chilocorus Kuwanae ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
White Peach Scale ◽  
Euonymus Scale

Abstract Chilocorus kuwanae (Sylvestri) was imported from Korea to the United States for release against the euonymus scale (Unaspis euonymi (Comstock)). Field observations suggest that C. kuwanae feeds on a number of other armored scale insects, including white peach scale (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targionni-Tozzeti)) and obscure scale (Melanaspis obscura (Comstock)). However, such observations have not been rigorously examined under controlled conditions. Our laboratory investigations indicate that C. kuwanae survives and reproduces well on San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)), in addition to euonymus scale. Fecundity was reduced in adults fed white peach scale. Few larvae survived to adulthood when fed oleander scale (Aspidiotus nerii (Bouche)). Adults failed to reproduce on obscure scale; none of the larvae fed this host survived to the pupal stage.

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