scholarly journals THE ODOUR OF COCCIDAE

1899 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-88
Author(s):  
W. G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Scale Insects ◽  
Euonymus Scale

I have been much interested in reading the notes upon the odour of scale insects by Professors Webster and Cockerell in the January and February issues of this journal. Durning my inspections in orchards and nurseries I have frequently detected the odour emitte by Aspidiotus perniciosus, mentioned by Webster, especially where the trees were badly infested, and have wondered what relationship it bore to the species. I have detected the most pronounced odours, however, in the genera Chionaspis and Lecanium. The odour produced by the Euonymus scale, Chionaspis euonymi, is very unpleasant to some persons. It is most marked upon badly infested, freshly cut twigs. If they are left in a tightly closed room for a few hours, the air will become very foul.

scholarly journals Suitability of Five Horticulturally Important Armored Scale Insects as Hosts for an Exotic Predaceous Lady Beetle1

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda C. Bull ◽  
Michael J. Raupp ◽  
Mark R. Hardin ◽  
Clifford S. Sadof
Keyword(s):  
Pupal Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Aspidiotus Nerii ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona ◽  
Chilocorus Kuwanae ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
White Peach Scale ◽  
Euonymus Scale

Abstract Chilocorus kuwanae (Sylvestri) was imported from Korea to the United States for release against the euonymus scale (Unaspis euonymi (Comstock)). Field observations suggest that C. kuwanae feeds on a number of other armored scale insects, including white peach scale (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targionni-Tozzeti)) and obscure scale (Melanaspis obscura (Comstock)). However, such observations have not been rigorously examined under controlled conditions. Our laboratory investigations indicate that C. kuwanae survives and reproduces well on San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)), in addition to euonymus scale. Fecundity was reduced in adults fed white peach scale. Few larvae survived to adulthood when fed oleander scale (Aspidiotus nerii (Bouche)). Adults failed to reproduce on obscure scale; none of the larvae fed this host survived to the pupal stage.

Seasonal Occurrence, Phenological Indicators and Mortality Factors Affecting Five Scale Insect Species (Hemiptera:Diaspididae, Coccidae) in the Urban Landscape Setting

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Hodges ◽  
S. K. Braman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Standard Base ◽  
Euonymus Scale

Proper timing of pesticide applications is paramount when attempting to control scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae, Coccidae) that are important pests of landscape plantings. Use of degree-days and phenological indicators can better time the applications and reduce the number of treatments. Seasonal appearance of five species of scale insects in the urban landscape along with flowering phenology of 40 plant species were systematically monitored during 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000 in Athens, GA. Degree-day calculations for predicting first-generation crawler emergence were attained by two methods: use of standard-base or an experimentally determined base temperature. Predictions using a standard temperature resulted in high year-to-year variance. Use of a model-derived base temperature reduced the variance for degree-days needed for first crawler emergence. Mean base temperatures for European fruit lecanium, Indian wax scale, obscure scale, euonymus scale, and tea scale were, respectively, 12.78, 12.78, 5.0, 3.89, and 5.0°C. The range in degree-days required for first crawler emergence of each species using first the experimentally derived base, or the standard base temperature of 10.56 were 1184 to 1296 or 1064 to 1622 for European fruit lecanium; 846 to 1014 or 1150 to 1380 for Indian wax scale; 1246 to 1268 or 515 to 566 for obscure scale; 1366 to 1492 or 313 to 597 for euonymus scale; and 526 to 1502 or 202 to 776 for tea scale. Natural enemy complexes observed in association with each of the scale species are discussed.

New records of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from Turkey

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Kaydan ◽  
N. Kilincer ◽  
F. Kozár
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Scale Insects

Millennial zoological mystery of medieval Persian scientists

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-227
Author(s):  
I.A. Gavrilov-Zimin ◽  
A.S. Kurochkin
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Native People ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
Biological Characters ◽  
Medieval Text ◽  
Red Dye ◽  
First Time ◽  
Salix Spp

Great medieval scientist-polymath Abu Rayhan Al-Beruni (973–1050) wrote in his book “Pharmacognosy” about some kind of “worms” inhabiting willows in Azerbaijan and Southern Iran and used by native people for producing of a red dye. It was unclear during one thousand years which organisms Al-Beruni noted as those dye-producing “worms”. Some modern authors even suggested that the relevant medieval text was partly erroneous. To the contrary, in the present paper we, for the first time, consider some species of the felt scale insects (Coccinea: Eriococcidae) as the organisms, which have probably been used for the production of the red dye in the medieval countries of Western and Central Asia. These insects are several species from two closely related genera Acanthococcus Signoret, 1875 and Gossyparia Signo­ret, 1875. The review of biological characters, identification key, new figures and colour photographs are provided for the species of Acanthococcus and Gossyparia associated with Salix spp. in the Asiatic Region. Acanthococcus turanicus Matesova, 1967, syn. nov. is placed in synonymy with A. salicis (Borchsenius, 1938), and A. altaicus Matesova, 1967, syn. nov. is placed in synonymy with A. spiraeae Borchsenius, 1949. Earlier discovered synonymy of A. melnikensis (Hodgson et Trencheva, 2008) with A. aceris Signoret, 1875 is discussed. Some other dye-producing scale insects and their pigments are also briefly considered.

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