Relative and Seasonal Abundance of Beneficial Arthropods in Centipede grass as Influenced by Management Practices

1993 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 494-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine S. Braman ◽  
Rew F. Pendley
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Centipede Grass

scholarly journals A Comparison of Flower and Grass Strips for Augmentation of Beneficial Arthropods in Apple Orchards

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoke Dong ◽  
Mengjing Xia ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Baofeng Mu ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Prey ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Arthropod Predators

Sowing plants that provide food resources in orchards is a potential habitat management practice for enhancing biological control. Flowering plants (providing pollen and nectar) and grasses (providing alternative prey) can benefit natural enemies in orchards; however, little is known about their relative importance. We studied the effect of management practices (flower strips, grass strips, and spontaneous grass) on arthropod predators under organic apple management regimes in apple orchards in Beijing, China. Orchards located at two different sites were assessed for 3 years (2017–2019). The cover crops had a significant impact on the abundance and diversity of arthropod predators. The grass treatment consistently supported significantly greater densities of alternative prey resources for predators, and predators were more abundant in the grass than in the other treatments. The Shannon–Wiener diversity was significantly higher for the cover crop treatment than for the control. Community structure was somewhat similar between the grass and control, but it differed between the flower treatment and grass/control. Weak evidence for an increase in mobile predators (ladybirds and lacewings) in the orchard canopy was found. Ladybirds and lacewings were more abundant in the grass treatment than in the other treatments in 2019 only, while the aphid abundance in the grass treatment was lowest. The fact that grass strips promoted higher predator abundance and stronger aphid suppression in comparison to the flower strips suggests that providing alternative prey for predators has great biocontrol service potential. The selection of cover crops and necessary management for conserving natural enemies in orchards are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Influence of Vineyard Inter-Row Groundcover Vegetation Management on Arthropod Assemblages in the Vineyards of North-Eastern Italy

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Giulia Zanettin ◽  
Angela Bullo ◽  
Alberto Pozzebon ◽  
Giovanni Burgio ◽  
Carlo Duso
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Parasitic Wasps ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
North Eastern

In this study, the effects of habitat management practices on both pests and beneficial arthropods were evaluated in vineyards of North-eastern Italy through different field experiments: (1) mowing of inter-row spontaneous grasses in conventional and organic vineyards, (2) different timing of mowing of a green manure mixture, and (3) comparing different green manure mixtures. The first experiment followed a split-plot design, while randomized block design was used in the second and third experiment. In each experiment arthropods were sampled using different methods: leaf sampling, beating and sweep net sampling. Non-mowed spontaneous grasses in inter-rows of vineyards favored the abundance of natural enemies (e.g., predatory mites, parasitic wasps and spiders), and sometimes grapevine leafhoppers. Many arthropod species were recorded in higher numbers in organic vineyards. Late mowing of green manure favored beneficial arthropods (e.g., spiders and parasitic wasps), while it did not influence herbivore density. Groundcover management practices, aimed at increasing plant biodiversity in vineyards, could be a useful tool to enhance beneficial arthropod abundance, although the adoption of this practice should be carefully evaluated when pests occur. Semi-natural areas can contribute to create a more pest-stable agro-ecosystem and should be integrated with appropriate ecological infrastructures surrounding vineyards.

Seasonal Abundance of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Suborders Terebrantia and Tubulifera) in Georgia Flue-Cured Tobacco and Impact of Management Practices on the Incidence of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McPherson ◽  
R. J. Beshear ◽  
A. K. Culbreath
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Thrips Population

Flue-cured tobacco plant beds and fields were surveyed from 1989–91 to determine the seasonal abundance and species composition of thrips in Georgia. A total of 43 species were collected from tobacco foliage and blooms. Five species were commonly encountered all three years and accounted for over 95% of all thrips collected. These included Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), F. occidentalis (Pergande), F. tritici (Fitch), F. bispinosa (Morgan) and Limothrips cerealium (Haliday). Frankliniella fusca and F. occidentalis are known vectors of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a serious threat to Georgia's flue-cured tobacco production. Thrips population densities in plant beds rose steadily from the time covers were removed until all plants were pulled or mowed down. Field populations of thrips peaked on foliage just prior to the initiation of flowering and rapidly declined after flowering. Flower thrips were present as soon as flowers opened and peaked about one week later. Thrips population densities and the resultant incidence of TSWV were reduced with a combination of transplant treatment of either aldicarb or carbofuran and six weekly foliar sprays of acephate. Insecticide treatments applied only at transplanting were ineffective in reducing TSWV.

Assessment of Pesticide Use by Commercial Landscape Maintenance and Lawn Care Firms in Georgia

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kristine Braman ◽  
Ronald D. Oetting ◽  
Wojciech Florkowski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Lawn Care ◽  
Commercial Landscape

Questionnaires on pesticide use and pest management practices were mailed to landscape maintenance/lawn care firms in the metro-Atlanta area; 25.4% or 350 firms responded. Of these firms, 159 provide pest management services for turfgrass or ornamentals or both. Responding professionals purchased 13,210 kg AI of insecticides, 93,447 kg AI herbicide, and 3,867 kg AI of fungicides during 1993. Total area serviced by these firms was 14,770 ha. The most commonly-purchased insecticides included products containing hydramethylnon, acephate, chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and horticultural oil. Frequently-purchased herbicides included products that contain pendimethalin, 2,4-D, glyphosate, MCPP, dicamba, oryzalin, benefin, and oxadiazon. Fungicidal products purchased by the most respondents were chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl, oxazoladinadione, matalayl, and triadimefon. Insecticides were most frequently applied to ornamentals (65%), while herbicides were the primary pesticide used on turf (93% preemergence, 79% postemergence). Fungicides were more evenly distributed. Prescheduled applications determined timing of application for 32% of respondents, while 46% report that monitoring of pest populations influences treatment decisions. Only 8% of respondents incorporate monitoring of beneficial arthropods into this decision-making process.

scholarly journals Influence of Buffalograss Management Practices on Western Chinch Bug and Its Beneficial Arthropods

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Carstens ◽  
Tiffany Heng-Moss ◽  
Frederick Baxendale ◽  
Roch Gaussoin ◽  
Kevin Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Chinch Bug

scholarly journals Alternative Production Practices for Pecan

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 692b-692
Author(s):  
Michael W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Aphid Control ◽  
Pecan Scab ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Herbicide Management

Several new management tools and management practices are being developed for pecan. Major insect pests of pecan are pecan nut casebearer, hickory shuckworm, and pecan weevil. Sex pheromone attractants are being developed for each of these pests that improve monitoring. Also, a pecan weevil trap (Tedder's trap) was introduced recently that is more sensitive to weevil emergence than the previous trap. New models that predict critical periods for pecan scab infection are being tested. Certain legume ground covers are being tested to increase beneficial arthropods in the orchard for aphid control, and to supply N. Mulches are being investigated as an alternative to herbicide management for young trees. A mechanical fruit thinning method has been developed that increases fruit quality and reduces alternate bearing as well as stress-related disorders.

scholarly journals Humpback whales in Banderas Bay, Mexico: relative abundance and temporal patterns between 2004 and 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Iyari Janethzy Espinoza Rodríguez ◽  
Astrid Frisch Jordán ◽  
Fernando Noriega Betancourt
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Humpback Whale ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
The North ◽  
Abundance Peak ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
The North Pacific

Banderas Bay, Mexico is an important breeding and transit area for the North Pacific humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) population. In this paper we estimated relative abundance (RA = number of whales/hours of navigation) as a proxy to assess population temporary patterns in the area. We analyzed data from 14 breeding seasons (2004-2017), collected between December and March each winter. A total of 8,013 whales were observed in 1,394.6 navigation hours. Average seasonal RA was 5.7 whales per hour with a maximum of 7.5 (2013) and a minimum of 4.0 (2016). Sea surface temperature (SST) averaged 25.1°C and remained within the range considered optimal for humpback whale reproduction areas. SST showed no significant correlation with RA (r = 0.183). Inter-seasonal RA values suggested an increase throughout the study period, although the increase was not statistically significant (R = 0.32; R2 = 0.10; t = 1.15, p > 0.05). Intra-seasonal analyses showed that RA in December and January were significantly higher (U = 150, p < 0.05) than in February and March; this pattern was consistent throughout the seasons of study. These results represent a shift in the intra-seasonal abundance peak relative to previous studies when most whales were observed between January and February. It is important to recognize changes in population parameters of humpback whales in breeding areas to improve management practices. This study also highlights the potential of opportunistic platforms, such as whale watching tour boats, as viable sources of quality information, particularly in contexts when funding is limited.

scholarly journals Local and Landscape Effects to Biological Controls in Urban Agriculture—A Review

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua E. Arnold ◽  
Monika Egerer ◽  
Kent M. Daane
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Pest Outbreaks

Urban agriculture is widely practiced throughout the world. Urban agriculture practitioners have diverse motivations and circumstances, but one problem is ubiquitous across all regions: insect pests. Many urban farmers and gardeners either choose to, or are required to forego, the use of chemical controls for pest outbreaks because of costs, overspray in populated areas, public health, and environmental concerns. An alternative form of pest control is conservation biological control (CBC)—a form of ecological pest management—that can reduce the severity of pest outbreaks and crop damage. Urban farmers relying on CBC often assume that diversification practices similar to those used in rural farms may reduce insect pest populations and increase populations of beneficial insects, yet these management practices may be inappropriate for applications in fragmented urban environments. In this review, we assess urban CBC research and provide a synthesis for urban agriculture practitioners. Our findings indicate that local and landscape factors differentially affect insect pests and beneficial arthropods across the reviewed studies, and we identify several on-farm practices that can be implemented to increase biological control in urban agriculture.

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