Identification of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Feeding Sites on Sugar Maple Leaves

1991 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1771-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durland L. Shumway ◽  
David A. J. Teulon ◽  
Thomas E. Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Maple Leaves

Contribution of anthocyanins to the antioxidant capacity of juvenile and senescing sugar maple (Acer saccharum) leaves

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby K. van den Berg ◽  
Timothy D. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Stable Free Radical ◽  
Maple Leaves

Foliar anthocyanins are hypothesised to provide an additional source of photoprotection from photooxidative stress to the leaves in which they occur through their ability to scavenge excess free radical species. Although demonstrated to significantly enhance the antioxidant status of red morphs of fully expanded leaves of some species, the contribution of anthocyanins to the antioxidant capacity of the juvenile and senescing leaves in which they frequently occur has not been examined. Antioxidant activity of extracts from anthocyanic and non-anthocyanic juvenile and senescing sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) leaves from similar light environments was assessed using the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH). Anthocyanin content was significantly correlated with antioxidant activity in extracts of anthocyanic juvenile leaves but only weakly correlated in extracts of anthocyanic senescing leaves. In addition, the antioxidant activity of anthocyanic and non-anthocyanic leaves was equal in both juvenile and senescing leaves. Thus, although anthocyanins may contribute to the antioxidant capacity of anthocyanic juvenile and senescing sugar maple leaves, these results are not consistent with the hypothesis that anthocyanins provide an enhancement to the photoprotection available in either leaf type through free radical scavenging. The results suggest anthocyanins may be part of alternative strategies employed by anthocyanic juvenile and senescing maple leaves to achieve similar levels of antioxidant capacity as their non-anthocyanic counterparts to cope with the same set of environmental challenges.

Errors in the calculation of evaporation and leaf conductance in steady-state porometry: the importance of accurate measurement of leaf temperature

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1031-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Tyree ◽  
T. R. Wilmot
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Maple Leaves ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Evaporative Flux

Leaf temperatures of sugar maple leaves (Acersaccharum Marsh.) were measured over three growth seasons using in situ copper–constantan thermocouples with wire and junction diameters of 70 and 130 μm, respectively. These thermocouples were coated with a thin layer of adhesive and attached to the abaxial leaf surface over a length of 4 to 5 cm of wire. On sunny days leaf temperatures usually rose 5 to 15 °C above the air temperature. When leaf conductances and evaporative flux were measured with a Li-Cor steady-state porometer under the same conditions, similar leaf temperatures were rarely measured by the Li-Cor leaf thermocouple. We argue that the in situ thermocouple is more likely to measure the actual leaf temperature than the Li-Cor thermocouple. Consequently, the values for leaf conductance and evaporative flux computed by the Li-Cor microprocessor can be wrong by as much as a factor of 2. Errors of similar magnitude may apply to other published measurements for forest species but are not as large in many crop species.

Physiological benefits of feeding in the spring by Lymantria dispar caterpillars on red oak and sugar maple leaves: nutrition versus oxidative stress

Chemoecology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond V. Barbehenn ◽  
Julie Niewiadomski ◽  
Cristina Pecci ◽  
Juha-Pekka Salminen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Maple Leaves ◽  
Physiological Benefits

Short- and long-term nutritional effects and retention of potassium derived from fertilizer in a sugar maple stand in southern Quebec

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-495
Author(s):  
Chloé McMillan ◽  
Benoît Côté ◽  
William H. Hendershot
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Maple Leaves ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Understory Plant ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
K Fertilization

The short-term (1–3 years) and long-term (23 years) effects of liming combined with potassium (K) fertilization on forest nutrition and K cycling were examined in a sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stand in southern Quebec. Sugar maple leaves were sampled annually from 1988 (prefertilization year) to 1991 and in 2011–2012. Ten understory plant species, sugar maple sapwood, and soils were also sampled in 2012 and analyzed for K, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and rubidium (Rb). The recovery of fertilizer K was determined using the Rb/K reverse tracer method. Fertilization neither increased growth nor maintained higher sugar maple leaf K levels over the long term; however, leaf K to Ca and K to Mg ratios were still higher in fertilized plots than in control plots in 2012. The percentage of leaf K derived from fertilizer peaked 3 years after fertilization (36% ± 5%) and was down to 1989 levels by 2012 (15% ± 6%). Understory vegetation generally showed no differences in leaf K concentration between treatments, but percent K from fertilizers was greater than 25% in several species. There was no significant effect of fertilization on soil K, Ca, and Mg availability by 2012. Our results suggest that significant amounts of fertilizer K are still present on the site after 23 years but that base cation levels in leaves and upper soil horizons have returned to near prefertilization levels except for a slight enrichment in K. Although small, the effects of fertilization with liming on soil fertility and plant nutrient status in a maple stand can be long lasting.

scholarly journals SO2 Effect on Photosynthetic Activities of Intact Sugar Maple Leaves as Detected by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konka Veeranjaneyulu ◽  
Christophe N. N'soukpoé-Kossi ◽  
Roger M. Leblanc
Keyword(s):  
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Maple Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities
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