A Methyl Bromide Quarantine Treatment to Control Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Nectarines Packed in Shipping Containers for Export to Japan and Effect on Fruit Attributes

1990 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 2335-2339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Y. Yokoyama ◽  
Gina T. Miller ◽  
Preston L. Hartsell
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Shipping Containers

Codling Moth: Dosage Response of Larvae in Cherries to Methyl Bromide Fumigation12

1977 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Anthon ◽  
H. R. Moffitt ◽  
L. O. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Codling Moth

CONTROL OF CODLING MOTH LARVAE IN HARVESTED APPLES BY METHYL BROMIDE FUMIGATION AND COLD STORAGE

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (9) ◽  
pp. 917-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. G. Morgan ◽  
A. P. Gaunce ◽  
C. Jong
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Storage Room ◽  
Storage Treatment ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Laspeyresia Pomonella ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractAll codling moth larvae, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), in 100,000 infested apples were killed by fumigation with 32 g/m3 methyl bromide for 2 h at about 17 °C followed by 31–35 days of storage at −0.5 °C. The apples were harvested into bins, fumigated, and placed in a standard cold storage room of a grower’s packinghouse as would be done under commercial conditions. Standard cold storage killed all first and second, and some third, instar larvae in nonfumigated fruit. Cursory sampling indicated that fumigation alone, without subsequent cold storage, could kill all stages. The fumigation and storage treatment did not injure Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Spartan, Jonathan, or Newtown apples.

Dose-Morality and Large-Scale Studies for Controlling Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Eggs on ‘d’Agen’ Plums by Using Methyl Bromide

1999 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 988-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Leesch ◽  
J. S. Tebbets ◽  
D. M. Obenland ◽  
P. V. Vail ◽  
J. C. Tebbets
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Codling Moth

Methyl Bromide Quarantine Treatment for Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Unshelled Walnuts

1991 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1289-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Hartsell ◽  
P. V. Vail ◽  
J. S. Tebbets ◽  
H. D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Codling Moth

scholarly journals Efficacy of Using In-carton Fumigation with the Quarantine Treatment Against Codling Moth on Apples Intended for Export to Japan

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-443
Author(s):  
James D. Hansen ◽  
Dennis J. Albano ◽  
Millie L. Heidt
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Confirmation Test ◽  
Two Component

The two-component quarantine treatment was shown to be effective against at least 7,000 codling moth (Cydia pomonella) fifth instar larvae infesting `Fuji' apples (Malus × domestica) in each required confirmation test involving two sizes of cartons. After cold storage for 55 days at 36 °F (2.2 °C), infested fruit were placed in vented cartons, either 20-lb [7 × 12 × 12.5 inches (17.8 × 30.5 × 31.8 cm)], or 40-lb [12 × 12.5 × 20.5 inches (30.5 × 31.8 × 52.1 cm)], then fumigated with 0.056 oz/ft3 (56 g·m-3) of methyl bromide for 2 hours at 50 °F (10.0 °C). After each treatment, either no survivors were present or no moribund larvae survived beyond the first week of post evaluation of the larvae.

scholarly journals Exposures to Fumigants and Residual Chemicals in Workers Handling Cargo from Shipping Containers and Export Logs in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 826-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Hinz ◽  
Andrea ’t Mannetje ◽  
Bill Glass ◽  
Dave McLean ◽  
Neil Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Personal Exposures ◽  
Shipping Containers ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Objectives Previous studies have reported high concentrations of airborne fumigants and other chemicals inside unopened shipping containers, but it is unclear whether this is reflective of worker exposures. Methods We collected personal 8-h air samples using a whole-air sampling method. Samples were analysed for 1,2-dibromoethane, chloropicrin, ethylene oxide, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen phosphide, methyl bromide, 1,2-dichloroethane, C2-alkylbenzenes, acetaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, formaldehyde, methanol, styrene, and toluene. Additive Mixture Values (AMVs) were calculated using the New Zealand Workplace Exposure standard (WES) and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) of the 8-h, time-weighted average exposure limit. Linear regression was conducted to assess associations with work characteristics. Results We included 133 workers handling shipping containers, 15 retail workers unpacking container goods, 40 workers loading fumigated and non-fumigated export logs, and 5 fumigators. A total of 193 personal 8-h air measurements were collected. Exposures were generally low, with >50% below the limit of detection for most chemicals, and none exceeding the NZ WES, although formaldehyde exceeded the TLV in 26.2% of all measurements. The AMV-TLV threshold of 1 was exceeded in 29.0% of the measurements. Levels and detection frequencies of most chemicals varied little between occupational groups, although exposure to methyl bromide was highest in the fumigators (median 43 ppb) without exceeding the TLV of 1000 ppb. Duration spent inside the container was associated with significantly higher levels of ethylene oxide, C2-alkylbenzenes, and acetaldehyde, but levels were well below the TLV/WES. Exposure levels did not differ between workers handling fumigated and non-fumigated containers. Conclusions Personal exposures of workers handling container cargo in New Zealand were mainly below current exposure standards, with formaldehyde the main contributor to overall exposure. However, as it is not clear whether working conditions of participants included in this study were representative of this industry as a whole, and not all relevant exposures were measured, we cannot exclude the possibility that high exposures may occur in some workers.

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