Hot-Water Quarantine Treatment to Control Fruit Flies in Mangoes Imported into the United States from Peru

1990 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1940-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Sharp ◽  
Heriberto Picho-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Fruit

Detection of Exotic Fruit Flies in the United States

Fruit Flies ◽  
1993 ◽  
pp. 395-399
Author(s):  
I. S. Nilakhe ◽  
H. B. Cox ◽  
R. T. Cunningham ◽  
J. L. Davidson ◽  
R. R. Bingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Flies

scholarly journals Lesser Pumpkin Fly, Ethiopian Fruit Fly, Cucurbit Fly, Dacus ciliatus (Loew) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae)

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard V. Weems, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cooperative Extension ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Dacus Ciliatus

The lesser pumpkin fly, Dacus ciliatus (Loew), is one of several fruit flies found in Africa and Asia which could be expected to become serious pests of Florida agricultural crops if introduced into this state. This species has not been intercepted in the United States, but prospects are likely for this to occur because of our heavy international traffic. This document is EENY-258 (originally published as DPI Entomology Circular 81), one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: January 2002. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in539

scholarly journals Isolation ofMycobacterium aviumfrom Potable Water in Homes and Institutions of Patients with HIV Infection in Finland and the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Ristola ◽  
Robert D. Arbeit ◽  
C. Fordham von Reyn ◽  
C. Robert Horsburgh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Symptomatic Disease

Symptomatic disease by nontuberculous mycobacteria has been linked to potable water from institutional and domestic potable water systems. Potable water samples were collected from homes and institutions of patients with AIDS. Colonization of potable water with nontuberculous mycobacteria was demonstrated in 230 (15%) of 1489 samples collected from domestic and institutional water systems of patients with HIV infection in the United States and Finland.Mycobacterium aviumwas the most common species and colonization was favored at temperatures of 40–50°C in recirculating hot water systems. Such systems are a plausible source of human infection and disease.

scholarly journals HEAT STERILIZATION OF MANGOES AND GUAVAS FOR FRUIT FLIES

1969 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Francisco Seín Jr.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Commercial Value ◽  
The Dead

1. Mango fruits infested with fruit fly maggots have no commercial value and could not profitably be shipped to the United States. 2. Sterilization at a temperature of 43°C for eight hours in a circulating atmosphere saturated with moisture kills the eggs, maggots and pupae of the fruit flies that infest mangoes and guavas in Puerto Rico without unfavorably affecting the flavor, appearance or keeping qualities of the fruit if it is afterwards placed in refrigeration. 3. Sterilization does not render marketable mangoes which have already been injured by fruit fly maggots. Such fruit shows the injury and the dead maggots on being cut open, and decays rapidly. 4. Sterilized mangoes from Puerto Rico could safely be allowed into the United States under permit because (1st) only varieties that are not infested would be shipped and (2nd) the fruits would in addition have been submitted to a treatment which renders them free from the pest if they contained it. 5. The varieties that could be sterilized are the Mayagüez mango, the Girón, the Colombo kidney and some of the better ones from Vieques. 6. Since the period of sterilization of eight hours can be reduced to four hours without rendering the treatment less effective in destroying the insect, the margin of safety is very large. 7. Mangoes can be rendered free from fruit fly infestation by sterilization for 8 hours at 43°C piled on trays, crated or wrapped in paper and crated.

Benefits of the United States nationwide plumbing efficiency standards

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Dickinson ◽  
L.A. Maddaus ◽  
W.O. Maddaus
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
Original Report

In 2000, the American Water Works Association (AWWA) and California Urban Water Conservation Council partnered to study the merits of the United States National Plumbing Efficiency Standards. The study develops information on the value of the national plumbing standards, based on a nationwide survey of water supply utilities. Using base year 1999 water production levels, the study found forecasted water production due to the national plumbing code reduced by 5 per cent in 2010, climbing to 8 per cent water savings by 2020. Average utility savings of US$26 per person extrapolated to the United States as a whole amount to about US$7.5 billion in reduced infrastructure costs due to the national plumbing code. Including energy benefits from hot water savings, the total dollar savings to communities is higher at US$35 billion in the United States. This paper highlights an example methodology into the overall assessment of water and cost savings from water conservation programs. This methodology, more fully presented in the original report document, is particularly useful for water agencies quantifying benefits when seeking to avoid acquiring new source water supplys and/or defer building capital projects.

Effectiveness of Hot-Water Immersion Against Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) as a Postharvest Treatment for Lemons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M Revynthi ◽  
Jorge E Peña ◽  
Jessica M Moreno ◽  
Andrea L Beam ◽  
Catharine Mannion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Citrus Leprosis ◽  
Hot Water Immersion

AbstractCitrus leprosis is a destructive disease of citrus caused by several viruses (CiLVs) that are quarantine pests in the United States. Brevipalpus yothersi Baker (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) vectors the most virulent strain of CiLV. This mite is present in the United States and could facilitate the spread of the disease if CiLV reaches the country. Postharvest treatments could mitigate B. yothersi on imported commodities from areas where CiLV exists. The current study explores the effectiveness of hot-water immersion as a postharvest treatment against B. yothersi. Lemons were immersed in water at 21, 48, 53, or 63°C for 5, 10, and 15 min. Immersions at 53 and 63°C for all time schedules dislodged over 99% of adult mites. Lemon fruit quality and B. yothersi egg viability after hot-water immersion were also evaluated. Fruit quality significantly decreased in lemons treated at 63°C resulting in decay (grade 3, rejection), while at 53°C there was a quality reduction (grade 2, minimum acceptable market level) compared to lemons immersed at 21°C or nontreated controls (grade 1). None of the eggs hatched when the lemons were immersed in water at 63°C and an average of 1.5% hatched at 53°C for all time schedules. Immersion in water at 53°C for 5 min dislodged 99.71% and 57.14% of adult and immature mites, respectively, and resulted in 98.11% unhatched eggs without significant fruit quality reduction. Hot-water immersion could be a key component in a systems approach to control B. yothersi on imported citrus fruits from countries where citrus leprosis is present.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization, and Management of Colletotrichum spp. Causing Anthracnose on Lucky Bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana)

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Sharma ◽  
Joyce L. Merritt ◽  
Aaron Palmateer ◽  
Erica Goss ◽  
Matthew Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Dracaena Sanderiana

International trade in ornamental plants has increased worldwide. Dracaena is the genus most frequently imported into the United States and many pests and pathogens currently not in the United States could be imported with Dracaena plant materials. In 2009, lucky bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana) with anthracnose symptoms was found in Florida. The associated fungus, putative Colletotrichum dracaenophilum, is considered a reportable pathogen that originated from Asia. Imported D. sanderiana plants with anthracnose symptoms were collected from a nursery in south Florida in 2011 and retail stores in north Florida in 2012 and 2013. Five isolates of Colletotrichum spp. were isolated from symptomatic D. sanderiana plants and Koch’s postulates were fulfilled for the first time. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on the internal transcribed space (ITS) and 28S rDNA regions of three original isolates and re-isolates and these sequences were compared with sequences of Colletotrichum spp. in GenBank. Sequence analysis indicated that the Colletotrichum isolates obtained from D. sanderiana in Florida belonged to C. dracaenophilum or the C. gloeosporioides species complex. Latent infections on healthy-looking lucky bamboo developed anthracnose lesions within 2 to 3 months. The reaction of several Dracaena species and varieties to the two Colletotrichum species was tested. Colletotrichum dracaenophilum caused the most severe disease on lucky bamboo, whereas one isolate of the C. gloeosporioides species complex was least pathogenic to all of the Dracaena spp. and varieties. Hot water treatments were not effective at controlling latent infections, but application of Azoxystrobin at 0.075 g a.i./L significantly reduced anthracnose development on both latently infected and inoculated lucky bamboo plants.

scholarly journals First Report of Neofabraea alba Causing Fruit Spot on Olive in North America

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1384-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rooney-Latham ◽  
L. L. Gallegos ◽  
P. M. Vossen ◽  
W. D. Gubler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
United States Department ◽  
First Report ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Bull's Eye

Olive (Olea europaea) is a widely planted evergreen tree primarily grown for its oil, fruit for pickling, and landscape appeal in Mediterranean and temperate climates. California produces most of the olives grown in the United States; its industry was valued at $53 million in 2011 (4). In 2005 and 2008, fruit spotting occurred on coratina and picholine cultivars in two commercial orchards in Sonoma County. The spots were scattered, slightly sunken and brown, and surrounded by a green halo. Many of the spots were associated with lenticels. A slow to moderate growing, cream to rose-colored fungus was isolated from the spots onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 0.01% tetracycline hydrochloride. Sporulation was observed in vitro on PDA after 40 days under near-UV light. Macroconidia, produced from conidiomata, were hyaline, aseptate, cylindrical to fusiform-allantoid, slightly curved, and 17 to 27 × 2.5 to 3.5 μm (average 21.1 × 2.9 μm). Microconidia were aseptate, strongly curved, hyaline, and 14 to 18 × 0.75 to 1 μm (average 16.1 × 0.9 μm). rDNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the isolate (GenBank KC751540), amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4, were 99.8% identical to Neofabraea alba (E.J. Guthrie) Verkley (anamorph Phlyctema vagabunda) (=Gloeosporium olivae) (AF141190). Pathogenicity was tested on detached, green fruit (cv. frantoio). Olives were surface sterilized in 10% sodium hypochlorite for 5 min and air dried. Five olives were wounded with a needle and 10 μl spore suspension (105 spores/ml) was placed on each wound. An equal amount of spore suspension was placed on five unwounded olives. Water was also placed on wounded and unwounded olives to serve as a control. The olives were placed on racks in 22.5 × 30 cm crispers lined with wet paper towels and incubated at 23°C. After 21 days, the olives began to turn red. Olives wounded and inoculated with N. alba had a distinct green ring around the inoculation point where maturity was inhibited. Control olives uniformly turned red. After 35 days, wound-inoculated olives began to form a sunken, brown lesion at the inoculation point where aerial mycelium was visible. After 51 days, lesions were visibly sunken and immature conidiomata began to form in concentric rings giving a bull's eye-like appearance. Unwounded fruit exhibited uneven maturity and green spots associated with the lenticels throughout the experiment but did not develop sunken lesions. Control fruit showed no symptoms and ripened normally. After 56 days, fruit was surface sterilized in 10% sodium hypochlorite for 5 min and plated onto PDA. N. alba was isolated from the sunken and green areas of all of the wounded and unwounded fruit. No fungi grew from the control fruit. The experiment was repeated once with similar results. N. alba has been reported to cause an anthracnose disease on fruit and leaves of olives in Spain and Italy (1,2). In North America, N. alba causes a bull's eye rot on fruit of Malus and Pyrus spp. in the Pacific Northwest and coin canker of Fraxinus spp. in Michigan and Canada (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. alba causing disease on olive in North America. References: (1) J. Del Maral de la Vega et al. Bol. San Veg. Plagas. 12:9. 1986. (2) S. Foschi. Annali. Sper. Agr., n.s. 9:911. 1955. (3) T. D. Gariepy et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 27:118. 2005. (4) United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, California Field Office, California Agriculture Statistics, Crop Year 2011.

Green Heat: Hot Water Energy Offset System

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Fowler ◽  
Jeff Wiand ◽  
Bryan Eddy ◽  
Andrew D. Lowery ◽  
James E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Energy Information Administration ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
In Series

The implementation of renewable energy systems is often regarded by the consumer to be too costly and too complex to maintain and operate. For instance converting sunlight or wind energy to electricity along with the conditioning equipment required to put energy into the system can be cost prohibitive for a residential or commercial application. The proposed system implements multiple renewable energy components working in series. These components bypass those costly electrical energy conversions by converting the acquired energy into heat, which can be utilized to offset a portion of the energy consumed within the home or business. This system can be made completely transparent with little or no impact on the consumers’ lifestyle. Also, the proposed system, by only attempting to offset a portion of the current usage, will be simple and inexpensive to assemble and maintain with a short return on investment. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration an estimated 10 quadrillion Btu’s are consumed by 113.6 million houses in the United States, while 1.8 quadrillion Btu’s of the total energy is used for hot water heating [1]. It has been shown that approximately 20% of the energy costs associated with most residential and small commercial businesses stem from hot water heating. A patent-pending technology, called a viscous controller, attached at the base of a wind turbine, which operates in series with a traditional thermal solar collector to supplement the energy used in the hot water tank. This technology reduces the cost of the system and allows for the average homeowner and small business owner to offset their current energy usage, incorporate renewable energy sources, and offer a 4–5 year return on initial investment. More importantly, if this system is implemented in only a portion of the target market, it has the potential to completely offset the rising energy demands for the United States each year for the foreseeable future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document