Economic Injury Levels and Economic Thresholds for Cereal Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Spring-planted Wheat

1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 478-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Johnston ◽  
Guy W. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Economic Injury

ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS AND ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS OF CEREAL APHIDS ON BARLEY IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ba-Angood ◽  
R. K. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Percentage Protein

AbstractArtificial infestations of cereal aphids in caged plants were made at different growth stages of barley in the field in 1978 and 1979. Forty, 80, 160, and 200 aphids/tiller reduced grain yield significantly (P < 0.01) when introduced into caged plants at flowering and milky stages for 2 weeks. Only the 150 and 200 aphids/tiller-treatments gave significant reductions in yield when introduction was at the mealy ripe stage. Twenty aphids/tiller gave a significant reduction in yield only when they were introduced at the beginning of ear emergence and flowering, but not at the milky ripe stage. Significant reduction in percentage protein was obtained only when 160 and 200 aphids/tiller were introduced at flowering and milky ripe stages. The economic injury and threshold levels were calculated as 10–18 and 8–16 aphids/tiller, respectively, depending on rate of increase of aphids, costs of chemical control, and the value of the crop in 1978 and 1979.

scholarly journals Perception and Use of Economic Thresholds Among Farmers and Agricultural Professionals: A Case Study on Soybean Aphid in Minnesota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Hoidal ◽  
Robert L Koch
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Educational Outreach ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Foundational Principle ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Fundamental Misunderstanding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Commercial Pesticide ◽  
Agricultural Professionals

Abstract Economic thresholds (ETs) are a foundational principle of integrated pest management but are not always widely accepted by farmers and agricultural professionals. This article reports on a survey of Minnesota farmer and agricultural professional perceptions of the ET for soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hempitera: Aphididae). We discuss insights for Extension programs on how to frame the importance of thresholds and teach stakeholders to use them effectively. Key takeaways include farmers and agricultural professionals often worry about combined effects of insect, disease, and physiological pressures, whereas effects of interactions with these other stressors are seldom discussed in educational outreach. Across groups, there is a fundamental misunderstanding about the difference between ETs and economic injury level. Many survey participants reported believing in the ET but lacked the time and capacity to fully implement it. Sales agronomists and farmers were the least likely groups to trust the university-determined soybean aphid ET, whereas commercial pesticide applicators and independent consultants were the most likely groups to trust it. Based on these results, we recommend adapting communication about ETs based on the target audience to address common misconceptions and barriers to ET use that are unique to each group.

Trophic interactions between three species of cereal aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and spring wheat (Poaceae): implications for pest management

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Migui ◽  
Robert J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Specific Impact

AbstractThe susceptibilities of genetically diverse Canadian spring wheats, Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum Desf., to three aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were investigated. Trophic interactions measured as changes in biomass of aphids and wheat plants were used to quantify levels of resistance, components of resistance, and impact of aphids on yield. Plants in field cages were infested with small numbers of aphids for 21 days at heading. These plants were usually more suitable for the development of S. avenae and S. graminum than of R. padi. Partial resistance, measured as seed production by infested plants as a proportion of that by a control, varied from 11% to 59% for different aphid species and wheat classes when all wheat plants were infested at the same stage. Cultivars within wheat classes responded similarly to each of the aphid species. None of the wheat cultivars showed agriculturally effective levels of antibiosis. The specific impact of each aphid species and wheat class varied from 5 to 15 mg of plant biomass lost for each milligram of biomass gained by the aphids. Canadian Western Red Spring wheat had a lower specific impact and therefore was more tolerant to aphids than the other two classes, but not tolerant enough to avoid economic damage at the aphid densities observed. Plants did not compensate for feeding damage after aphid feeding ceased, based on the higher specific impacts observed for mature plants than for plants that were heading. The interactions between aphids and plants show that current economic thresholds probably underestimate the damage caused by cereal aphids to Canadian spring wheat.

scholarly journals Western Bean Cutworm Survival and the Development of Economic Injury Levels and Economic Thresholds in Field Corn

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 1274-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Paula-Moraes ◽  
T. E. Hunt ◽  
R. J. Wright ◽  
G. L. Hein ◽  
E. E. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Field Corn ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Western Bean Cutworm ◽  
Economic Injury

Principles of Integrated Pest Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 370-380
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Vittum
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Activity Setting ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Cost

This chapter examines the principles of integrated pest management (IPM). IPM often is defined as a program that, in the context of the environment and the population dynamics of pests, uses many different techniques and strategies in as compatible a manner as possible to maintain pest population levels below those causing economic injury. The concept of IPM was initially developed in traditional agriculture, where the success of a crop was measured in economic yield (quantity and quality of produce). The key to such agricultural IPM programs has always been establishing consistent and reliable “economic thresholds” — pest populations at which the cost of expected crop damage exceeds the cost of implementing control. In turf, the expected economic benefit from reducing a pest population usually is much more difficult to measure than in agriculture. It is difficult, if not impossible, to determine the economic value of suppressing pest insects. As a result, “economic thresholds” in turf IPM usually are more accurately described as “tolerance levels,” or “action thresholds.” In a turf IPM program, the turf manager must determine what pest populations can be tolerated without incurring unacceptable damage. The basic components of an IPM approach include assessing a site, monitoring and predicting pest activity, setting thresholds, managing turf stress, identifying and optimizing management options, and evaluating the results.

Trap-Based Economic Injury Levels and Thresholds for Euschistus servus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Florida Peach Orchards

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1347-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory Penca ◽  
Amanda C Hodges ◽  
Norman C Leppla ◽  
Ted E Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Stink Bug ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Euschistus Servus ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
And Control ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Abstract Populations of the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), in Florida peach orchards were monitored during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons using yellow pheromone-baited pyramid traps. Peaches were evaluated at harvest for the presence of stink bug injury. A relationship between E. servus trap capture and fruit injury was used to estimate the economic injury level (EIL) for varying scenarios of crop price, per-hectare yield, and control costs. Economic thresholds were then set based on observed E. servus population trends and expected rates of increase. Thresholds were lowest in the period immediately following shuck split due to the rapid increase in E. servus populations during this period. Euschistus servus trap capture trended downward at the time of harvest. Therefore, increased E. servus management early in the Florida peach season provides the greatest overall benefit, whereas late season populations decline independent of management actions. The proposed EIL for Florida peaches determined by this study is 5.53 E. servus per trap over a 14-d trapping period, which was surpassed in only 16 of the 60 recorded trapping periods. This suggests that the current recommended spray frequency may not be economically justified.

scholarly journals Economic injury levels and economic thresholds for Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) infesting seed maize

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josemar Foresti ◽  
Cristina S Bastos ◽  
Flávio L Fernandes ◽  
Paulo R da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Economic Injury

Economic Injury Levels and Economic Thresholds for Tibraca limbativentris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Paddy Rice Based on Insect-Days

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 2242-2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinícius Santana ◽  
Renan da S Macedo ◽  
Tássia Tuane M dos Santos ◽  
José A F Barrigossi
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Economic Injury

ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS AND ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS FOR THE GREEN APPLE BUG, LYGOCORIS COMMUNIS (KNIGHT) (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE), IN QUEBEC APPLE ORCHARDS

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (9) ◽  
pp. 803-808
Author(s):  
O. Michaud ◽  
R.K. Stewart ◽  
Guy Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Control Implementation

AbstractEconomic injury levels and economic thresholds for nymphs of Lygocoris communis (Knight) were defined in apple orchards, using the beating technique. These were determined with 1987 apple market value and chemical control costs. Economic thresholds were established, assuming a 24-h period required for control implementation. Highly significant relationships were found between the damage at harvest and the captures of young nymphs of L. communis. The economic injury levels ranged from 0.4 to 5.8 young nymphs per sample unit depending on the sample unit and insecticide used.

scholarly journals Sequential sampling plan, yield loss components and economic thresholds for the pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-385
Author(s):  
Alejandro E. Segarra-Carmona ◽  
Alberto Pantoja
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Weekly Schedule ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Density Relationship ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Pepper Weevil

A negative binomial distribution best predicted pepper weevil spatial dispersion on pepper plants. Sequential sampling plans for economic threshold (ET) levels of 0.1 and 0.5 adult weevils per plant were developed and tested against a weekly schedule of sprayed and unsprayed check treatments in mini-plots. Weekly sprayed and 0.1 ET mini-plots had similar yield, but higher than 0.5 ET or mini-plots never sprayed. Direct cost to farmers was the same either with 0.1 ET or weekly sprays. However, insecticide applications were reduced by one-third with 0.1 ET. Fruit abortion constituted the main yield-loss component in the pepper weevil-pepper system. An empirical yield-loss vs. adult weevil population density relationship was estimated. This estimate agreed with a theoretical economic injury level of 0.01 adult per plant. Recommendations on the use of prophylactic and responsive control strategies for the pepper weevil are given.

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