Control of a Primary Parasite of the Greenbug with a Secondary Parasite in Greenhouse Screening for Plant Resistance12

1977 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Burton ◽  
K. J. Starks
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Parasite ◽  
Primary Parasite ◽  
Greenhouse Screening

The Biology and Control of Asterolecanium coffeae, Newst., the Fringed Scale of Coffee, in Kenya Colony

1933 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-427
Author(s):  
H. C. James
Keyword(s):  
East African ◽  
First Instar ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Secondary Parasite ◽  
Primary Parasite ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
And Control ◽  
Heavy Infestation ◽  
Duration Of Development

(1) Asterolecanium coffeae occurs in all the British East African Dependencies and has been the cause of much loss in certain low-lying coffee areas of Kenya. On the crop-bearing parts of the coffee tree (Coffea arabica) it inflicts injuries of an irreparable nature, and a heavy infestation is extremely difficult to eradicate.(2) A. coffeae is oviparous, and after deposition the eggs pass through a period of incubation within the “ test ” of the mother. The fecundity of the female is low compared with that of the common Lecaniine scales and mealybugs which infest coffee in Kenya. The average number of eggs produced by a single female is about 50. The male is extremely rare and fertilisation of the female must be a very infrequent occurrence.(3) The duration of development of the female from egg to egg varies between 60 and 70 days. The duration of the first stadium varies from 7 to 12 days, and that of the second stadium from 18 to 25 days. The pre-oviposition period is 28 days.(4) The various stages of the female scale are described.(5) Only one primary parasite of A. coffeae was obtained, namely, Metaphycus lounsburyi, How., and it is frequently abundant towards the close of the dry season, but its effectiveness is nearly always considerably reduced, by the high prevalence of a secondary parasite, Perissopterus busckii, How. A Coccinellid, Chilocorus angolensis, Crotch, preys upon the mobile first instar forms.(6) A. coffeae is not a honeydew secreting Coccid and is entirely ignored by ants.

The biology of Pseudorhyssa sternata Merrill (Hym., Ichneumonidae), a cleptoparasite of Siricid woodwasps

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Spradbery
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
Gland Extract ◽  
Larval Frass ◽  
Venom Glands ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Parasite ◽  
Gain Access

The life-history of Pseudorhyssa sternata Merrill was investigated under natural and artificial conditions.When P. sternata and Rhyssa persuasoria (L.) females were present on Siricidinfested logs, P. sternata observed the primary parasite making drill shafts, and after the primary withdrew its ovipositor and moved away, P. sternata located the shaft and inserted its ovipositor to gain access to the host. P. sternata was able to locate R. persuasoria drill shafts aged 1–38 days.P. sternata females were stimulated to oviposition behaviour when presented with paper drilled by R. persuasoria, and this response was enhanced by the presence of wet Siricid frass, or the symbiotic fungus of Siricids. Ovipositor probing was also made through artificial holes into frass. Bioassay of R. persuasoria vaginal and venom glands resulted in considerable probing into filter paper impregnated with vaginal gland extract.It was concluded that P. sternata females probably locate Siricid-infested trees by responding to a generalised stimulus that is potent in larval frass, and which possibly derives from the symbiotic fungus. The cleptoparasite probably finds the drill-shaft by responding to a secretion of the vaginal gland of the primary parasite.

Greenhouse screening of the saprophytic resident microflora for control of leaf spots of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Perelló ◽  
M. R. Simón ◽  
A. M. Arambarri ◽  
C. A. Cordo
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Greenhouse Screening

A hymenopterous primary parasite of morabine grasshoppers

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Blackith
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Primary Parasite ◽  
Braconid Wasp

The grasshoppers of the subfamily Morabinae (Orthoptera: Eumastacidae) are infested by a braconid wasp, the first record of a hymenopterous primary parasite, other than egg parasites, of any grasshopper or locust. The braconid is a distinctive new species of euphorine and is described, with notes on its distribution and life history. Other parasites are briefly noted.

THE PATHOGENICITY OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS TO CELERY

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Primary Parasite ◽  
Lesion Nematode

Celery seedlings, grown aseptically in silica sand with plant nutrients, were inoculated with surface-sterilized specimens of the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. & Stek., 1941. The reactions of invaded roots were studied microscopically. The epidermis, cortex, and endodermis of young celery roots showed different degrees of discoloration after invasion of P. penetrans, with the endodermis most severely affected. Pratylenchus penetrans was a primary parasite and pathogen of celery.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Priming with Potassium Nitrate on the Performance of Tomato

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Muhammad Moaaz Ali ◽  
Talha Javed ◽  
Rosario Paolo Mauro ◽  
Rubab Shabbir ◽  
Irfan Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Greenhouse Screening

The seed industry and farmers have challenges, which include the production of poor quality and non-certified tomato seed, which ultimately results in decreased crop production. The issue carefully demands pre-sowing treatments using exogenous chemical plant growth-promoting substances. Therefore, to mitigate the above-stated problem, a series of experiments were conducted to improve the quality of tomato seeds (two cultivars, i.e., “Sundar” and “Ahmar”) and to enhance the stand establishment, vigor, physiological, and biochemical attributes under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions by using potassium nitrate (KNO3) as a seed priming agent. Seeds were imbibed in 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 KNO3 (weight/volume) for 24 h and then dried before experiments. The results of growth chamber and greenhouse screening show that experimental units receiving tomato seeds primed with 0.75% KNO3 in both cultivars performed better as compared to other concentrations and nonprimed control. Significant increase in final emergence (%), mean emergence time, and physiological attributes were observed with 0.75% KNO3. Collectively, the improved performance of tomato due to seed priming with 0.75% KNO3 was linked with higher activities of total soluble sugars and phenolics under growth chamber and greenhouse screening.

Response of Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivars to Metribuzin in the Field and Greenhouse

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. De Weese ◽  
L. M. Wax ◽  
W. C. Carlson ◽  
J. A. Ciarletta
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Field Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Screening Procedure ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Greenhouse Screening ◽  
Significant Injury ◽  
Good Agreement

Experimental objectives were to assess metribuzin tolerance of predominately privately developed soybean cultivars and to evaluate a greenhouse screening procedure. In field results in 1982, ‘Vinton 81’, ‘Northrup King 1884’ and ‘L77-1863’ soybean cultivars were extremely sensitive to metribuzin at 0.56 kg/ha, averaging 34% injury. The other 45 cultivars showed no significant injury at the 0.56 kg/ha rate, from 9 to 46% injury at 1.4 kg/ha, and 18 to 72% injury at 2.2 kg/ha. In greenhouse hydroponic studies, these same three soybean cultivars were killed, while the other 45 cultivars were injured from 15 to 82%. A good agreement of greenhouse and field data was determined, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.82.

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