Mechanisms of Insecticide Resistance in Musca domestica: Carboxylesterase and Degradative Enzymes1

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Collins ◽  
A. J. Forgash
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Musca Domestica

Activities of detoxifying enzymes in adults of houseflies Musca domestica L. selected with chlorfenapyr

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-503
Author(s):  
E.A. Silivanova ◽  
P.A. Shumilova ◽  
M.A. Levchenko
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Phosphatase Activities ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Males And Females

In insects, biochemical mechanisms of insecticide resistance base on increasing of activities of main detoxyfying enzymes – monooxygenases, nonspesific esterases, and glutathion-S-transferases. Currently, the progress of resistance development and the degree of contributing enzymes to resistance in insects have been studied for certain insecticides. The goal of this study was to assess activities of monooxygenase, carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferase, and alkaline phosphatase in females and males housefly Musca domestica in the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth generations of the chlorfenapyr-selected strain. Evaluation of chlorfenapyr susceptibility showed that adults M. domestica in tenth generations was tolerating to chlorfenapyr as the resistance ration value was 3.6. In certain generations of chlorfenapyr-selected strain M. domestica, monooxygenase activities in males and females were 1.4-2.1 times more, and alkaline phosphatase activities in females were 2.3-2.7 times more than that in control insects. Glutathione-S-transferase activities had no significant differences in adults M. domestica of control and chlorfenapyr-selected strains. For chlorfenapyr-selected strain M. domestica, activities of monooxygenase, carboxylesterase, and alkaline phosphatase differed in males and females of same generations that suggests that mode and pattern of resistance development might be sex-specific in this specie.

Activities of Select Enzymes Involved in Insecticide Resistance in Spinosad-Resistant and -Susceptible Strains of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan ◽  
Waseem Akram ◽  
Sajid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidases ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases

Abstract A Musca domestica L. strain collected from Pakistan has recently been shown to be resistant to spinosad; however, there is scarce information about the mechanism of resistance. For this reason, we explored whether a metabolic-based mechanism was responsible by analyzing the activities of the metabolic detoxifying enzymes, carboxylesterases, glutathione S-transferases, and mixed-function oxidases, in both a spinosad-selected (Spin-SEL) strain of M. domestica and a susceptible counterpart (Lab-susceptible). The results revealed that both strains were statistically at par in terms of enzyme activities. The activity of carboxylesterases in the Lab-susceptible strain was 78.17 ± 3.06 in comparison to 79.16 ± 3.31 nmol min−1 mg−1 in the Spin-SEL strain. The activity of mixed-function oxidases was 51.58 ± 4.20 in the Lab-susceptible strain, whereas 54.33 ± 4.08 pmol min−1 mg−1 was recorded in the Spin-SEL strain. The activity of glutathione S-transferases was 86.50 ± 4.59 (Lab-susceptible) and 90.33 ± 2.81 nmol min−1 mg−1 (Spin-SEL). These results revealed that the studied enzymes might not be responsible for spinosad resistance in the studied strain of M. domestica. Therefore, studies should be extended to find out other possible mechanisms of spinosad resistance.

Evaluation of a method for maintaining age-structured populations of house-flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), to study the evolution of insecticide resistance

1986 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Denholm ◽  
R. M. Sawicki ◽  
A. W. Farnham ◽  
Jean C. White
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Equilibrium Density ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Insecticide Control

AbstractAn inexpensive and versatile method for maintaining age-structured Musca domestica L. populations for studies on the evolution of insecticide resistance is described. Adult flies are kept in spacious aluminium cages in which age-structuring is maintained by the thrice-weekly addition of pupae bred from eggs collected from within the cages. The population size is regulated in a density-independent manner by constraining the input of pupae to that necessary to maintain the required equilibrium density of adults within a cage. Adult numbers are monitored by photographing from outside the cage flies settled on a grid etched on the rear wall, and by converting this grid count to an estimate of population size using a calculated regression line. Observed changes in fly numbers in a cage accorded well with those predicted by a computer model using empirical data on larval productivity, and the emergence and survivorship schedules of adult flies. Since a variety of insecticide control regimes can be applied within the cage, this system enables an adequate yet tractable simulation of selection for resistance by insecticides under field conditions.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN SUSCEPTIBILITIES TO INSECTICIDES IN MUSCA DOMESTICA UNDER SELECTION WITH FIPRONIL

2020 ◽  
pp. 194-198
Author(s):  
Levchenko ◽  
Silivanova ◽  
Shumilova
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Insecticide Resistance Management ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Selection Of

New knowledge about resistance and cross-resistance to insecticides of different chemical classes in insects is crucial for correct and effective pest management. This paper reports changes in the susceptibility to insecticides of different chemical classes in the first generations of houseflies Musca domestica L. when they were selected with fipronil. The selection of M. domestica was carried out by feeding adult insects with sugar containing fipronil in a dose that causes the 40–60% mortality of insects. The susceptibility of adults and larvae to insecticides was evaluated by the resistance ratio (RR). In the fipronil-selected strain of M. domestica, the susceptibility to fipronil was unchanged in adults in 3–5 generations and increased in larvae in the fifth generation (RR = 0.5). The susceptibility to deltamethrin decreased in adults of the fourth generation and in larvae of the fifth generation, and the RR was 4.5 and 4.3, respectively, that may suggest the development of cross-resistance in the future. The susceptibility to chlorfenapyr was reduced in adults of fipronil-selected flies of the fourth generation (RR = 1.9). The susceptibility to ivermectin increased in adults of fipronil-selected flies (RR = 0.67) and in larvae of the fifth generation (RR = 0.5). The susceptibility to acetamiprid in the fipronil-selected strain and the laboratory (unselected) strain of M. domestica did not differ. The results are useful for the development of insecticide resistance management programs.

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