Carbamate Cross Resistance in a Carbaryl-Resistant Strain of the German Cockroach1

1968 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian C. McDonald ◽  
D. G. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Cross Resistance

scholarly journals The cross-resistance patterns and biochemical characteristics of an imidacloprid-resistant strain of the cotton aphid

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaokun Chen ◽  
Xugen Shi ◽  
Hongyan Wang ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Kaiyun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
The Cross

Resistance to diamino-diphenylsulphone in Plasmodium gallinaceum

Parasitology ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Plasmodium Gallinaceum ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Antimalarial Action ◽  
Patent Infection

A fourfold enhancement of resistance to diamino-diphenylsulphone has been produced over a period of 15 months in strain A of P. gallinaceum by subjecting the strain, maintained in a state of patent infection, to increasing doses of the drug.The DDS-resistant strain was cross-resistant to the minimum effective dose of sulphadiazine and slightly resistant to twice this dose, but it showed only a slight enhancement of resistance to pyrimethamine and proguanil.The antimalarial action of DDS was antagonized by p–A.B. in the ratio of 100 to 1. DDS, in the minimum effective dose, was antagonized completely by folic acid if given in equal doses, but not by smaller doses of the antagonist; the antagonism was not competitive.The relationship of cross-resistance between p–A.B.-inhibited sulphonamides and proguanil and pyrimethamine is discussed.

Assessment of cross-resistance potential to neonicotinoid insecticides in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Prabhaker ◽  
S. Castle ◽  
T.J. Henneberry ◽  
N.C. Toscano
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Southwestern Usa ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Q Biotype

AbstractLaboratory bioassays were carried out with four neonicotinoid insecticides on multiple strains of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) to evaluate resistance and cross-resistance patterns. Three imidacloprid-resistant strains and field populations from three different locations in the southwestern USA were compared in systemic uptake bioassays with acetamiprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. An imidacloprid-resistant strain (IM-R) with 120-fold resistance originally collected from Imperial Valley, California, did not show cross-resistance to acetamiprid, dinotefuran or thiamethoxam. The Guatemala-resistant strain (GU-R) that was also highly resistant to imidacloprid (RR = 109-fold) showed low levels of cross-resistance when bioassayed with acetamiprid and thiamethoxam. However, dinotefuran was more toxic than either imidacloprid or thiamethoxam to both IM-R and GU-R strains as indicated by low LC50s. By contrast, a Q-biotype Spanish-resistant strain (SQ-R) of B. tabaci highly resistant to imidacloprid demonstrated high cross-resistance to the two related neonicotinoids. Field populations from Imperial Valley (California), Maricopa and Yuma (Arizona), showed variable susceptibility to imidacloprid (LC50s ranging from 3.39 to 115 μg ml–1) but did not exhibit cross-resistance to the three neonicotinoids suggesting that all three compounds would be effective in managing whiteflies. Yuma populations were the most susceptible to imidacloprid. Dinotefuran was the most toxic of the four neonicotinoids against field populations. Although differences in binding at the target site and metabolic pathways may influence the variability in cross-resistance patterns among whitefly populations, comparison of whitefly responses from various geographic regions to the four neonicotinoids indicates the importance of ecological and operational factors on development of cross-resistance to the neonicotinoids.

scholarly journals The role of detoxifying enzymes in the resistance of the cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) to thiamethoxam

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Saleh Abdallah ◽  
Hala Mohamed Abou-Yousef ◽  
Eman Atef Fouad ◽  
Mohammed Abd El-Hady Kandil
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes ◽  
Cowpea Aphid ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch

Abstract The cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) is considered a serious insect pest attacking several crops. We carried out biochemical studies to elucidate the role of the metabolising enzymes in conferring resistance to thiamethoxam, in two strains (resistant and susceptible) of the cowpea aphid. Bioassay experiments showed that the thiamethoxam selected strain developed a 48 fold resistance after consecutive selection with thiamethoxam for 12 generations. This resistant strain also exhibited cross-resistance to the tested carbamates; pirimicarb and carbosulfan, organophosphorus (malathion, fenitrothion, and chlorpyrifos-methyl), and the neonicotinoid (acetamiprid). Synergism studies have indicated that S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), a known inhibitor for esterases, increased thiamethoxam toxicity 5.58 times in the resistant strain compared with the susceptible strain. Moreover, the biochemical determination revealed that carboxylestersae activity was 30 times greater in the resistant strain than in the susceptible strain. In addition, the enzyme activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and mixed function oxidases (mfo) increased only in the resistant strain 3.7 and 2.7 times, respectively, in relation to the susceptible (the control). Generally, our results suggest that the higher activity of the detoxifying enzymes, particularly carboxylesterase, in the resistant strain of the cowpea aphid, apparently have a significant role in endowing resistance to thiamethoxam, although additional mechanisms may contribute.

Cross-resistance between sulphanilamide and paludrine (proguanil) in a strain of Plasmodium gallinaceum resistant to sulphanilamide

Parasitology ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Bishop ◽  
Elspeth W. McConnachie
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Gallinaceum ◽  
Low Order

1. Resistance to sulphanilamide, of a low order, has been developed in a strain of Plasmodium gallinaceum by the treatment of patent infections with the drug.2. The sulphanilamide-resistant strain was resistant to paludrine over the whole range of doses tolerated by the host; it also proved to be resistant to sulphathiazole, sulphapyridine and sulpha-diazine, though the degree of resistance shown was much slighter than to paludrine.3. Resistance to paludrine developed in the sulphanilamide-resistant strain before any resistance to sulphadiazine could be detected.

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