A Survey of Beet Leafhopper Egg Parasites in the Imperial Valley, California1

1962 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Flock ◽  
R. L. Doutt ◽  
R. C. Dickson ◽  
E. F. Laird
Keyword(s):  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Leafhopper Egg

scholarly journals First Report of Curly Top Disease of Basil Caused by Beet severe curly top virus in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-F. Chen ◽  
E. Natwick ◽  
S. Cabrera ◽  
R. L. Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Homologous Region ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
First Report ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Access Period ◽  
Inoculation Access Period

In August 2012, symptoms of stunted growth and leaf epinasty, crumpling, and yellowing, were observed in basil plants (Ocimum basilicum) grown in a shadehouse in Calipatria in the Imperial Valley of California. Populations of the beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) carrying curtoviruses (genus Curtovirus, family Geminiviridae) were detected in the Imperial Valley in May 2012. Together, this suggested a curtovirus etiology for this virus-like disease of basil. Total DNA extracts were prepared from leaves of nine representative symptomatic plants (BA1 through 9) and used in the PCR with the general curtovirus primer pair, BGv377 and BGc1509 (1,2). This primer pair directed the amplification of the expected ~1.1 kb DNA fragments from extracts prepared from all nine plants, and not from equivalent extracts from symptomless plants. The sequences of 1.1 kb fragments amplified from four plants (BA1 through 4) were determined, and BLAST analyses revealed 99% nucleotide sequence identities among these sequences, and 98% identities with the homologous region (V2/CP) of Beet severe curly top virus-Cfh (BSCTV-Cfh; GenBank Accession No. U02311). A second primer pair (BGv981 5′-AACGGTCAGGCTATGCCGTCTAC-3′ and BGc479 5′-GAAAGACCTCGCCTTCTTCTAGGG-3′) was designed to amplify the remainder of the viral genome. The expected size ~2.4 kb fragments were amplified from the extracts of the BA1 through 9 plants, and the fragments from the BA1 and 2 plants were cloned into the pGEM-T Easy Vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and sequenced. Using the sequences of the overlapping PCR-amplified fragments, the complete viral genome sequences of the BA1 and BA2 isolates were determined. The BA1 and BA2 sequences were 2,934 bp and were 99% identical to each other and to the sequence of BSCTV-Cfh (3). To confirm the infectivity of BSCTV in basil, the BSCTV-Cfh infectious clone, which originated from California, was used for agroinoculation and leafhopper transmission experiments in basil plants (cvs. Sweet aroma and Genovese). Basil plants agroinoculated with the BSCTV-Cfh clone developed stunted growth and leaf crumpling and curling symptoms, similar to symptoms observed in the symptomatic plants from the Imperial Valley. The presence of viral DNA in symptomatic plants was confirmed by PCR with the BGv377/BGc1509 primer pair. Basil plants inoculated with an empty vector control did not develop symptoms, nor was curtovirus DNA amplified from these plants by PCR. Beet leafhoppers were given a 48-h acquisition access period on BSCTV-Cfh-infected sugarbeet plants, followed by a 48-h inoculation access period on healthy basil plants. These plants developed curly top symptoms approximately 21 days after inoculation, indicating that BSCTV was transmitted to basil by the beet leafhopper. Together, these results establish that the cause of the disease symptoms in basil in the Imperial Valley of California was BSCTV. This is the first report of curly top disease in basil, which is the second member of the mint family (Lamiaceae) known to be infected by a curtovirus. The stunted growth induced in basil by BSCTV has the potential to cause yield and economic loss, particularly in open field or screenhouse production when beet leafhopper populations are high. References: (1) L-F. Chen et al. Plant Dis. 94:99, 2010. (2) S. L. Dellaporta et al. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 1:19, 1983. (3) D. C. Stenger. Mol. Plant-Micro. Interact. 7:154, 1994.

Ramón “Chunky” Sánchez—¡PRESENTE!

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell C. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
San Diego ◽  
Culture Clash ◽  
Imperial Valley

On November 5, 2016, hundreds of people convened at the historical landmark of Chicano Park in Barrio Logan, San Diego, to celebrate the life of one of the community’s most revered elders, Ramón “Chunky” Moroyoqui Sánchez. Nuestro querido maestro falleció el día 28 de octubre de 2016. Sánchez, endearingly known as Chunky, was synonymous with Barrio Logan, Chicano Park, Chicano/a music, and San Diego in general. In this city, an auditorium is named in his honor. His image is incorporated in murals. The Chicano comedy troupe Culture Clash developed a vignette about Chunky, and upon his passing the San Diego Chargers’ website featured him in a blog post that included a photo of him with players and cheerleaders. Chunky was also well known beyond the Imperial Valley. The music of Los Alacranes Mojados (the group he started with his brother, Ricardo Sánchez) continues to be embraced in Mexicano/a and Chicano/a communities throughout California and the Southwest. The news of Sánchez’s passing reverberated throughout California like the violent ripples of a pond into which a boulder has been dropped. Ese vato will be missed.

Geotechnical investigation of liquefaction sites, Imperial Valley, California

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Bennett ◽  
P.V. McLaughlin ◽  
J.S. Sarmiento ◽  
T.L. Youd
Keyword(s):  
Geotechnical Investigation ◽  
Imperial Valley

Reuse of Drainage Water for Irrigation: Results of Imperial Valley Study: II. Soil Salinity and Water Balance

Hilgardia ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Rhoades ◽  
Frank T. Bingham ◽  
John Letey ◽  
Paul J. Pinter ◽  
Robert D. Lemert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Imperial Valley
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