A Survey of Beet Leafhopper Populations on Sugar Beets in the Imperial Valley, California, 1953–19581

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Flock ◽  
Andrew S. Deal
Keyword(s):  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Beet Leafhopper

Growth and nutrient uptake of sugar beets in the Imperial Valley, California

1957 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. MacKenzie ◽  
K.R. Stockinger ◽  
B.A. Krantz
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Sugar Beets

scholarly journals Systemic Insecticides and Plant Age Affect Beet Curly Top Virus Transmission to Selected Host Plants

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Wang ◽  
P. de A. Gurusinghe ◽  
Bryce W. Falk
Keyword(s):  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Beet Curly Top Virus ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus ◽  
Systemic Insecticides

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to assess the effects of systemic insecticides and plant age on beet curly top virus (BCTV) transmission to sugar beet, tomato, pepper, melon, and cowpea. Sugar beets were the most susceptible to BCTV infection. For all BCTV-susceptible plants tested, younger plants showed greater susceptibility to infection than did older plants, even when inoculations were delayed by only 1 week. Systemic insecticides applied to test plants resulted in increased beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) mortality and decreased the percent BCTV transmission. Soil treatment with imidacloprid (250 g a.i./ha) gave significantly better reductions in BCTV transmission than did dimethoate foliar sprays (280 g a.i./ha). These data suggest that the use of specific systemic insecticides only when crop plants are most susceptible to BCTV infection could be an effective alternative component of the curly top disease control program.

A Survey of Beet Leafhopper Egg Parasites in the Imperial Valley, California1

1962 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Flock ◽  
R. L. Doutt ◽  
R. C. Dickson ◽  
E. F. Laird
Keyword(s):  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Leafhopper Egg

scholarly journals First Report of Curly Top Disease of Basil Caused by Beet severe curly top virus in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-F. Chen ◽  
E. Natwick ◽  
S. Cabrera ◽  
R. L. Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Homologous Region ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
First Report ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Access Period ◽  
Inoculation Access Period

In August 2012, symptoms of stunted growth and leaf epinasty, crumpling, and yellowing, were observed in basil plants (Ocimum basilicum) grown in a shadehouse in Calipatria in the Imperial Valley of California. Populations of the beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) carrying curtoviruses (genus Curtovirus, family Geminiviridae) were detected in the Imperial Valley in May 2012. Together, this suggested a curtovirus etiology for this virus-like disease of basil. Total DNA extracts were prepared from leaves of nine representative symptomatic plants (BA1 through 9) and used in the PCR with the general curtovirus primer pair, BGv377 and BGc1509 (1,2). This primer pair directed the amplification of the expected ~1.1 kb DNA fragments from extracts prepared from all nine plants, and not from equivalent extracts from symptomless plants. The sequences of 1.1 kb fragments amplified from four plants (BA1 through 4) were determined, and BLAST analyses revealed 99% nucleotide sequence identities among these sequences, and 98% identities with the homologous region (V2/CP) of Beet severe curly top virus-Cfh (BSCTV-Cfh; GenBank Accession No. U02311). A second primer pair (BGv981 5′-AACGGTCAGGCTATGCCGTCTAC-3′ and BGc479 5′-GAAAGACCTCGCCTTCTTCTAGGG-3′) was designed to amplify the remainder of the viral genome. The expected size ~2.4 kb fragments were amplified from the extracts of the BA1 through 9 plants, and the fragments from the BA1 and 2 plants were cloned into the pGEM-T Easy Vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and sequenced. Using the sequences of the overlapping PCR-amplified fragments, the complete viral genome sequences of the BA1 and BA2 isolates were determined. The BA1 and BA2 sequences were 2,934 bp and were 99% identical to each other and to the sequence of BSCTV-Cfh (3). To confirm the infectivity of BSCTV in basil, the BSCTV-Cfh infectious clone, which originated from California, was used for agroinoculation and leafhopper transmission experiments in basil plants (cvs. Sweet aroma and Genovese). Basil plants agroinoculated with the BSCTV-Cfh clone developed stunted growth and leaf crumpling and curling symptoms, similar to symptoms observed in the symptomatic plants from the Imperial Valley. The presence of viral DNA in symptomatic plants was confirmed by PCR with the BGv377/BGc1509 primer pair. Basil plants inoculated with an empty vector control did not develop symptoms, nor was curtovirus DNA amplified from these plants by PCR. Beet leafhoppers were given a 48-h acquisition access period on BSCTV-Cfh-infected sugarbeet plants, followed by a 48-h inoculation access period on healthy basil plants. These plants developed curly top symptoms approximately 21 days after inoculation, indicating that BSCTV was transmitted to basil by the beet leafhopper. Together, these results establish that the cause of the disease symptoms in basil in the Imperial Valley of California was BSCTV. This is the first report of curly top disease in basil, which is the second member of the mint family (Lamiaceae) known to be infected by a curtovirus. The stunted growth induced in basil by BSCTV has the potential to cause yield and economic loss, particularly in open field or screenhouse production when beet leafhopper populations are high. References: (1) L-F. Chen et al. Plant Dis. 94:99, 2010. (2) S. L. Dellaporta et al. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 1:19, 1983. (3) D. C. Stenger. Mol. Plant-Micro. Interact. 7:154, 1994.

scholarly journals Hyalorbilia oviparasitica Clade Detected in Field Soils Cropped to Sugar Beets and Enriched in the Presence of Heterodera schachtii and a Host Crop

2020 ◽  
pp. PHYTOFR-07-20-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Witte ◽  
Jiue-in Yang ◽  
Geoffrey D. Logan ◽  
Nicole B. Colindres ◽  
Beth B. Peacock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Its Sequence Analysis ◽  
Swiss Chard

This study endeavored to test two hypotheses: (i) Hyalorbilia oviparasitica and related species (H. oviparasitica clade) will be detected in sugar beet fields in California’s Imperial Valley and (ii) the population densities of these fungi will increase in the presence of their nematode host (Heterodera schachtii) and a host plant of this nematode. The H. oviparasitica clade includes potent hyperparasites of sedentary stages of plant-parasitic nematodes, which have the ability to substantially suppress the population densities of several endoparasitic nematode species. In this study, 21 of 25 Imperial Valley soils cropped to sugar beets harbored members of the H. oviparasitica clade. The population densities of these fungi increased, on average, approximately 10,000-fold in the presence of H. schachtii and its host Swiss Chard over one nematode generation. An rRNA ITS sequence analysis showed that members of the H. oviparasitica clade were the dominant group of fungi associated with H. schachtii females derived from these soils. These results provide evidence supporting the hypotheses. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Beet leafhopper control in sugar beets by seed or soil treatment

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orin A. Hills ◽  
A.C. Valcarce ◽  
H.K. Jewell ◽  
D.C. Courdriet
Keyword(s):  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Beet Leafhopper
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