Relative Toxicity, Knockdown Effectiveness, and Intensity of Synergism of Mixtures of Piperonyl Butoxide with Barthrin and Some of Its Isomers

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1168-1171
Author(s):  
W. A. Gersdorff ◽  
P. G. Piquett
Keyword(s):  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Relative Toxicity

The Scientific Basis for the Prevention of Zooanthroponoze Vector-Borne Diseases Spread by Parasitic Arthropods of the Center of the East European Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Fedor I. Vasilevich ◽  
Anna M. Nikanorova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region

The purpose of the research is development of preventive measures against zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases spread by parasitic arthropods in the Kaluga Region. Materials and methods. The subject of the research was Ixodidae, mosquitoes, and small mammals inhabiting the Kaluga Region. The census of parasitic arthropods was carried out on the territory of all districts of the Kaluga Region and the city of Kaluga. Open natural habitat and human settlements were investigated. Weather conditions from 2013 to 2018 were also taken into account. For the purposes of the study, we used standard methods for capturing and counting arthropods and mouse-like rodents. In order to obtain mathematical models of small mammal populations, a full factorial experiment was conducted using the collected statistical data. In-process testing of the drug based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide were carried out under the conditions of the agricultural collective farm “Niva” of the Kozelsky District, the Kaluga Region, and LLC “Angus Center of Genetics” of the Babyninsky District, the Kaluga Region. Results and discussion. In the Kaluga Region, two species of ixodic ticks are found, namely, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, which have two activity peaks. Mosquito may have 3-4 generations in a year in the Kaluga region. The most common mosquito species in the Kaluga Region are Aedes communis, Ae. (Och.) togoi and Ae. (Och.) diantaeus, Culex pipiens Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae) (Culex pipiens): Cx. pipiens f. pipiens L. (non-autogenic form) and Cx. p. f. molestus Fors. (autogenic form), which interbreed, and reproductively isolated in the Region. The developed mathematical models make it possible to quantify the risks of outbreaks of zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases without the cost of field research, and allow for rational, timely and effective preventive measures. Medications based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide and based on cyfluthrin showed high insecto-acaricidal efficacy and safety.

scholarly journals Escalation of Pyrethroid Resistance in the Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus Induces a Loss of Efficacy of Piperonyl Butoxide–Based Insecticide-Treated Nets in Mozambique

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob M Riveron ◽  
Silvie Huijben ◽  
Williams Tchapga ◽  
Magellan Tchouakui ◽  
Murielle J Wondji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Genes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets

Abstract Background Insecticide resistance poses a serious threat to insecticide-based interventions in Africa. There is a fear that resistance escalation could jeopardize malaria control efforts. Monitoring of cases of aggravation of resistance intensity and its impact on the efficacy of control tools is crucial to predict consequences of resistance. Methods The resistance levels of an Anopheles funestus population from Palmeira, southern Mozambique, were characterized and their impact on the efficacy of various insecticide-treated nets established. Results A dramatic loss of efficacy of all long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), including piperonyl butoxide (PBO)–based nets (Olyset Plus), was observed. This An. funestus population consistently (2016, 2017, and 2018) exhibited a high degree of pyrethroid resistance. Molecular analyses revealed that this resistance escalation was associated with a massive overexpression of the duplicated cytochrome P450 genes CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b, and also the fixation of the resistance CYP6P9a_R allele in this population in 2016 (100%) in contrast to 2002 (5%). However, the low recovery of susceptibility after PBO synergist assay suggests that other resistance mechanisms could be involved. Conclusions The loss of efficacy of pyrethroid-based LLINs with and without PBO is a concern for the effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions, and action should be taken to prevent the spread of such super-resistance.

Relative Toxicity of Gonadotropic Extracts Prepared from Post-Menopausal Urine by the Albert and Johnsen Methods

1967 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-538
Author(s):  
J. W. MCARTHUR ◽  
A. HOWARD ◽  
A. SOMERVILLE ◽  
R. PERLEY ◽  
C. KEYES
Keyword(s):  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Post Menopausal

scholarly journals 168 The effects of fly control strategies on fly abundance, fly avoidance behaviors, and performance in feedlot bulls and steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 15-16
Author(s):  
Courtney McNeff ◽  
Justin Talley ◽  
Colton A Robison ◽  
Blake K Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Fly Control

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of fly control strategies on fly abundance, fly avoidance behaviors, and animal performance in a feedlot setting. Angus bulls (n = 64; BW = 281 ± 36.2 kg) and steers (n = 36; BW = 475 ± 40.4 kg) were blocked by sex and BW and assigned to 1 of 4 experimental treatments in a randomized complete block design (7 pens/treatment; 4 bulls/pen; 3 steers/pen). Treatments included: control (CON; no fly control), abamectin, piperonyl butoxide, and zetacypermethrin insecticide tags (FT; Tri-Zap®, Y-Tex Corporation, Cody, WY), permethrin and piperonyl butoxide pour on (PO; Permectrin® CDS, Bayer Animal Health, Shawnee Mission, KS), or a garlic-powder top dress (GR) administered at 0.28 g •-1 animal •-1d. The experiment was conducted between June and September. Horn and stable fly abundance (FA) and fly avoidance behaviors (FAB; i.e. tail-flicks, stomping, head-tossing) were recorded by trained personnel. Both FA and FAB were recorded once/wk on days with similar temperatures, humidity, wind speed, and without precipitation based on Oklahoma Mesonet data (Stillwater site). There was a tendency for a treatment × time interaction for horn FA with differences in treatments occurring at wk 1, 2, 8, and 14. There was no treatment × time interaction for stable FA or FAB, however both were affected by time (P < 0.001). There were no differences in final BW (P = 0.34), overall ADG (P = 0.30), overall DMI (P = 0.53), or overall G:F (P = 0.39). There was a tendency (P ≤ 0.10) for GR to have decreased BW on d 28 and decreased ADG from d 0 to 28 compared to FT and PO. There was also a tendency (P = 0.09) for decreased DMI from d 0 to 56 for GR compared to CON and FT. Overall FA was less than expected (mean = 1 to 17 flies/animal) throughout the experiment and overall animal performance was unaffected by fly control strategy.

NUTRITION OF ANIMAL CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE: VII. USE OF REPLICATE CELL CULTURES IN THE EVALUATION OF SYNTHETIC MEDIA

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-318
Author(s):  
Raymond C. Parker ◽  
George M. Healy ◽  
Dorothy C. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Simple Screening ◽  
Natural Media

The replicate culture assay procedures of Earle and his associates have been adapted for use in evaluating the effectiveness of synthetic media. For this purpose, use has also been made of Earle's L strain mouse cells. Washed and continuously stirred suspensions of these or similar strains of cells may be dispensed, with reasonable assurance of uniformity, into a series of replicate cultures, the number depending on the volume of the suspension and the capacity and effectiveness of the stirring and dispensing unit. For use with synthetic media, the original procedures for the preparation and care of the replicate cultures and for their subsequent treatment for the counting of isolated, stained nuclei have been modified considerably. This paper describes the procedures that were finally adopted and also describes a relatively simple screening procedure in which washed cell suspensions may be used to advantage in making preliminary assays of synthetic media and in testing the relative toxicity or growth stimulating effects of substances added to, or derived from, natural media.

The Effect of Piperonyl Butoxide and Adjuvants on Sulfonylurea Herbicide Activity

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chae Soon Kwon ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicide ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Grass Weed

Greenhouse studies showed that the mixed function oxidase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), tank-mixed with the sulfonylurea herbicides, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, and thifensulfuron, in the absence of effective adjuvants enhanced herbicide activity on both broadleaf and grass weed species. Effective adjuvants for nicosulfuron were K-3000 for common lambsquarters, Sylgard® 309 Surfactant for velvetleaf, K-2000 for barnyardgrass, and K-2000, K-3000, and Scoil® methylated seed oil for giant foxtail control. K-3000 and Sylgard 309 enhanced velvetleaf control with primisulfuron and thifensulfuron. The 28% urea and ammonium nitrate (UAN) was more effective as an adjuvant with thifensulfuron for velvetleaf than for common lambsquarters control. The enhancement of sulfonylurea herbicide activity with PBO was most apparent when other adjuvants were least effective.

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