The HIV Epidemic in Four African Countries Seen through the Demographic and Health Surveys

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Gersovitz
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

Using survey data: towards valid estimates of poverty in the South

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Roy Carr-Hill
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Death Registration ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World

It is important to be cautious about making inferences from survey data. This chapter focuses on one very important but unexamined problem, that of the undercount of the poorest in the world. This arises both by design (excluding the homeless, those in institutions and nomadic populations) and in practice (those in fragile households, urban slums, insecure areas and servants/slaves in rich households). In developing countries, it is difficult to make inter-censal estimates because essential data like birth and death registration are not systematically collected. Donors have therefore promoted the use of international standardized household surveys. A possible alternative is Citizen surveys initiated by an Indian NGO (Pratham). Comparisons are made between citizen surveys and contemporaneous Demographic and Health Surveys in three East African countries

scholarly journals HIV EPIDEMIC HETEROGENEITY IN ZIMBABWE: EVIDENCE FROM SUCCESSIVE DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-852
Author(s):  
Zainab Oseni ◽  
Farah Seedat ◽  
Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Regression Framework ◽  
The World

SummaryZimbabwe has one of the worst HIV epidemics in the world. This study investigated data from two successive Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys (ZDHS) conducted in 2005–06 and 2010–11. A random representative sample of 30,000 men aged 15–59 and women aged 15–49 was selected from the two surveys. The HIV prevalence was mapped with a flexible, coherent regression framework using a geo-additive semi-parametric mixed model. HIV indicator prevalence maps were constructed at the regional level, and at the administrative level relevant for policy design, planning and decision-making. Substantial regional variation was found, not only in the burden of HIV, but also in its risk factors. The results suggest that responses/policies should vary at the regional level to ensure that the often diverse needs of populations across a country are met and incorporated into planning the HIV response. The use of geographically referenced data in two successive ZDHS provides crucial new insights into the spatial characteristics of the HIV epidemic in Zimbabwe. In particular, it highlights the HIV heterogeneity across Zimbabwe, with substantial regional variation, not only in the burden of HIV, but also in its risk factors.

The Socioeconomic Distribution of Adult Mortality during Conflicts in Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien De Walque ◽  
Deon Filmer
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
Data Source

AbstractWe analyze socioeconomic differences in adult mortality in four African countries-the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone-using the adult mortality module in the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), calculating mortality based on the sibling mortality reports collected from female respondents aged 15-49. We discuss the advantages and potential issues associated with this data source. While mortality events precipitated by those civil conflicts tend to affect all groups, we conclude that they appear to affect men, and in particular urban and more educated men to a greater extent than the other groups.

scholarly journals Prevalence and time trends in overweight and obesity among urban women: an analysis of demographic and health surveys data from 24 African countries, 1991–2014

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e017344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Abanimi Amugsi ◽  
Zacharie T Dimbuene ◽  
Blessing Mberu ◽  
Stella Muthuri ◽  
Alex C Ezeh
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Africa ◽  
Active Lifestyles

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity among non-pregnant urban women in Africa over the past two and a half decades.DesignCross-sectional surveys conducted between 1991 and 2014.SettingsDemographic and Health Surveys (DHS), repeated cross-sectional data collected in 24 African countries.ParticipantsAdult non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years. The earlier DHS collected anthropometric data on only those women who had children aged 0–5 years. The main analyses were limited to this subgroup. The participants were classified as overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥30.0 kg/m2).ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity among women increased in all the 24 countries. Trends were statistically significant in 17 of the 24 countries in the case of obesity and 13 of the 24 for overweight. In Ghana, overweight almost doubled (p=0.001) while obesity tripled (p=0.001) between 1993 and 2014. Egypt has the highest levels of overweight and obesity at 44% (95% CI 42%, 46.5%) and 39% (95% CI 36.6%, 41.8%), respectively, in 2014 and the trend showed significant increase (p=0.005) from 1995 levels. Also, obesity doubled in Kenya, Benin, Niger, Rwanda, Ivory Coast and Uganda, while tripled in Zambia, Burkina Faso, Mali, Malawi and Tanzania. Ethiopia and Madagascar had the lowest prevalence of both obesity and overweight, with overweight ranging from 7% to 12% and obesity from 1% to 4%.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity are increasing among women of reproductive age in urban Africa, with obesity among this age group having more than doubled or tripled in 12 of the 24 countries. There is an urgent need for deliberate policies and interventions to encourage active lifestyles and healthy eating behaviour to curb this trend in urban Africa.

Commercial sex and HIV transmission in mature epidemics: a study of five African countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 660-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Leclerc ◽  
M Garenne
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Hiv Seroprevalence ◽  
A Minor

The study compares the association between using the services of commercial sex workers and male HIV seroprevalence in five African countries: Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi and Rwanda. The HIV seroprevalence among men who ‘ever paid for sex’ was compared with controls who ‘never paid for sex’. Results were based on 12,929 eligible men, aged 15–59 years, interviewed in Demographic and Health Surveys. The odds ratio of HIV seroprevalence associated with ever paying for sex was 1.89 (95% confidence interval = 1.57–2.28), with only minor differences by country. The results were stable in multivariate analysis after controlling for available potential cofactors (data on non-sexual routes of transmission were not available). Given the relatively small proportion of men involved, the risk attributable to ‘ever paying for sex’ remained low: 7.1% in univariate analysis and 4.4% after adjustment, and it varied among countries (range 1.3–9.4%). These results match previous observations that commercial sex seems to play a minor role in the spread of HIV in mature epidemics.

scholarly journals Trends and correlates of girl-child marriage in 11 West African countries: evidence from recent Demographic and Health Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Adesegun O. Fatusi ◽  
Sunday A. Adedini ◽  
Jacob Wale Mobolaji
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
West African ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: West Africa historically has a high prevalence of girl-child marriage and requires substantial reduction to meet the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target of ending child marriage by 2030, but current data on progress is sparce. We aimed to determine the trend in child marriage in West Africa and assess the influence of selected socio-demographic factors. Methods: We analysed data on women aged 18-24 years from the two most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (conducted between 2006 and 2014) for 11 West African countries to determine the prevalence and trend of girl-child marriage. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between girl-child marriage and selected socio-demographic factors. Results: The prevalence of child marriage in West Africa is 41.5%. An overall decrease of 4.6% (annual rate of 0.01%) was recorded over a seven-year inter-survey period. Three countries (Cote d’Ivoire, Nigeria, and Niger) recorded increased prevalence while the rate was unchanged in Burkina Faso, and the other six countries had reduced prevalence between the last two surveys. Sierra Leone recorded the highest decrease in prevalence (22%) and an annual reduction rate of 0.04%; Cote d’Ivore had the highest increase (65.3%). In virtually all countries, rural residence, low education, poor household economic status and non-Christian religious affiliation were significantly associated with higher odds of girl-child marriage. Conclusions: The prevalence of girl-child marriage remains high in West Africa and the trend shows very slow progress. While substantial inter-country variations exist in overall rate and trend of child marriage, the rate of progress is inadequate across all countries.

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