scholarly journals Insights about minority HIV-1 strains in transmitted drug resistance mutation dynamics and disease progression

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1930-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rachel Leda ◽  
James Hunter ◽  
Ursula Castro Oliveira ◽  
Inacio Junqueira Azevedo ◽  
Maria Cecilia Araripe Sucupira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutation ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutation ◽  
Mutation Dynamics ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Time trends in HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance mutation frequency in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 19753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milosz Parczewski ◽  
Magdalena Witak-Jedra ◽  
Katarzyna Maciejewska ◽  
Monika Bociaga-Jasik ◽  
Pawel Skwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutation ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutation ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals The estimation of transmitted drug resistance mutation strains probability in the treatment of HIV using the Beta-Binomial model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urban Haankuku ◽  
Peter Njuho
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutation ◽  
Transition Probability Matrix ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutation

Abstract Background The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a viral infection that destroys the human immune system resulting in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The Zambia HIV prevalence rate is among the highest in the sub-Saharan Africa. With no HIV vaccine and cure for HIV/AIDS, the antiretroviral (ARV) therapy that slows the spread of the virus remains the only option. The administration of ARV has challenges of Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutation strains (TDRMs) in the treatment of HIV naïve patients. To address these challenges, we propose use of transition probabilities when prescribing a switch from first-line to second-line or to third-line regimen on ARV drugs combination. Methods We formulate a statistical technique for determining an optimal ARV drugs combination. Using data from the Zambia National Health Research Authority, we compute transition probability matrix chart on ARV therapy combination of the first and second baseline regimens using a Beta-Binomial Hierarchical model. We check parameter convergence using history and density plots, and check model adequacy using the deviation information criteria. Results The estimates converge to the fitted model as demonstrated by the history and density plots. The transition probability matrices corresponding to, TDF+ETC+NVP, TDF+FTC+EFV, AZT+3TC+NVP, AZT+3TC+EFV, D4T+3TC+NVP and D4T+3TC+EFV provide an upper triangular matrix of the probabilities. We observe a higher probability of remaining in the same regimen state than that of moving to another state. The computed transition probability matrix chart aid in deciding on the most effective combination to prescribe to a patient, in the presence of TDRM test results. Based on transition probabilities TDF+ETC+NVP, TDF+FTC+EFV, AZT+3TC+EFV and D4T+3TC+EFV cannot be prescribed to the patients who test K101 E and 115Y F strains. The available option to the patients’ remains either AZT + 3TC + NVP or D4T + 3TC + NVP. Combination AZT + 3TC + NVP with success probability of 0.97027 should be prescribed to the patient. Conclusion The transmission probabilities play a major role in aiding the physicians make an informed decision when prescribing an optimal drug combination. All newly diagnosed HIV individuals should have a TDRM test before any prescription on ARV therapy combination is made.

scholarly journals Drug Resistance Mutation L76V Alters Nonpolar Interactions at the Flap–Core Interface of HIV-1 Protease

ACS Omega ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 12132-12140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Wong-Sam ◽  
Yuan-Fang Wang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Arun K. Ghosh ◽  
Robert W. Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutation ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Monitoring of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Newly Diagnosed Patients in Cyprus (2010–2012)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S424-S424
Author(s):  
Ioannis Demetriades
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background A molecular epidemiology study of HIV-1 infection was conducted in 100 HIV-1 diagnosed and untreated patients in Cyprus representing 65.4 percent of all the reported HIV-1 infections in Cyprus between 2010 and 2012. Methods Eighty-two patients were newly diagnosed (genotypic drug resistance testing within six months from diagnosis), and 18 patients were HIV-1 diagnosed for a longer period or the diagnosis date was unknown. Results Phylogenetic trees of the pol sequences obtained in this study with reference sequences indicated that subtypes B and A1 were the most common subtypes present and accounted for 41.0 and 19.0% respectively, followed by subtype C (7.0%), F1 (8.0%), CRF02_AG (4.0%), A2 (2.0%), other CRFs (7.0%) and unknown recombinant forms, URFs (12%). Most of newly-diagnosed study subjects were Cypriots (63%), males (78%) with median age 39 (Interquartile Range, IQR 33–48) reporting having sex with other men, MSM (51%). Conclusion A high rate of clustered transmission of subtype B drug-sensitive strains to reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors was observed among MSM. Twenty-eight out of forty-one MSM study subjects (68.0%) infected were implicated in five transmission clusters, two of which are subtype A1 and three subtype B strains. The two largest MSM subtype B clusters included nine and eight Cypriot men, respectively, living in all major cities in Cyprus. There were only three newly diagnosed patients with transmitted drug resistant HIV-1 strains, one study subject from the United Kingdom infected with subtype B strain and one from Romania with subtype A2 strain, both with the PI drug resistance mutation M46L and one patient from Greece with subtype A1 strain with the NNRTI drug resistance mutation K103N. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Nucleic Acid Template and the Risk of a PCR-Induced HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. e10992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vici Varghese ◽  
Elijah Wang ◽  
Farbod Babrzadeh ◽  
Michael H. Bachmann ◽  
Rajin Shahriar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutation ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Differential Persistence of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutation Classes

2011 ◽  
Vol 203 (8) ◽  
pp. 1174-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Jain ◽  
Maria C. Sucupira ◽  
Peter Bacchetti ◽  
Wendy Hartogensis ◽  
Ricardo S. Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutation ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals The L76V Drug Resistance Mutation Decreases the Dimer Stability and Rate of Autoprocessing of HIV-1 Protease by Reducing Internal Hydrophobic Contacts

Biochemistry ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (21) ◽  
pp. 4786-4795 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Louis ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Jane M. Sayer ◽  
Yuan-Fang Wang ◽  
Robert W. Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutation ◽  
Hiv 1
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