scholarly journals Detection of mcr-9-harbouring ESBL-producing Salmonella Newport isolated from an outbreak in a large-animal teaching hospital in the USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Elbediwi ◽  
Hang Pan ◽  
Xiao Zhou ◽  
Shelley C Rankin ◽  
Dieter M Schifferli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Salmonella Newport ◽  
The Usa

scholarly journals A survey of the usage (frequency and pattern) of antibiotics at the University of Maiduguri Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 2941-2946
Author(s):  
Nubwa Daniel ◽  
Kefas David Malgwi ◽  
Bukar Umaru ◽  
Isaac John Omeh ◽  
Ladi Sanya
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics ◽  
The University

Background and Aim: Veterinary antibiotics are widely used to treat bacterial diseases in various species of animals. However, despite the importance of these chemotherapeutic agents, their indiscriminate or extensive use can pose dangers to the animals or humans that consume edible tissues from animals contaminated with antibiotic residues. Therefore, concerns regarding their appropriate and judicious use in animals are of public health significance. This is because of the tendencies of developing resistance to targeted microbes and the ability of the parent compound or its metabolites to persist as residues in the animal tissues. This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of antibiotic usage and ascertain the level of awareness of clinicians on the judicious use of antibiotics at the University of Maiduguri Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Data related to the administration of antibiotics in all species of animals presented for treatment from January 2009 to December 2018 were obtained from the hospital archives, with permission from the office of the hospital directorate. The diseases, hospital units, antibiotics used, and years were parameters that were recorded for each case. Furthermore, 47 questionnaires were administered to clinicians who render services to the hospital. Results: A total of 63.9% of all cases brought to the hospital within the 10 years under study were infectious, and as such, were treated with antibiotics. The highest recorded use of antibiotics was observed in the poultry unit (38.4%), followed by the large animal unit (24.1%), with the lowest used recorded in the ambulatory unit (9.3%). Furthermore, regarding the antibiotics used, oxytetracycline had the highest occurrence (55%), followed by penicillin-streptomycin combination (12.2%), with the lowest being metronidazole (0.30%). The highest number of cases treated with antibiotics was recorded in 2018 (22.5%), and the lowest was recorded in 2014 (1.3%). Regarding the questionnaire administered to the clinicians, 78.7% of the respondents preferred oxytetracycline as their drug of choice, whereas only 2.1%, 4.3%, 2.1%, and 4.3% preferred amoxicillin, penicillin, streptomycin, and penicillin-streptomycin, respectively. Moreover, 65.9% of the respondents used a particular antibiotic because of its availability at the hospital, 8.5% because of cost, and 27.7% because of clinician preference. Furthermore, 74.5% of the clinicians offered palliative intervention while awaiting laboratory reports, whereas 8.5% treated the animals without requesting laboratory analyses. Conclusion: In this study, oxytetracycline was found to be the most used antibiotic for treating infectious diseases at the hospital because of its availability. The observed pattern appeared in the following order of frequency: Oxytetracycline, penicillin-streptomycin combination, neomycin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, tylosin, streptomycin, and gentamicin with metronidazole being the least frequent. There might also be antibiotic resistance, which requires a change to another antibiotic because of the lack of response to the initial antibiotic. Non-judicious antibiotic use can also have a negative impact on public health because of the development of multidrug-resistant "superbugs" and the problem of drug residue.

scholarly journals Isolation of Environmental Clostridium Difficile from a Veterinary Teaching Hospital

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Weese ◽  
Henri R. Staempfli ◽  
John F. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
High Animal ◽  
Nosocomial Disease

An environmental survey of a veterinary teaching hospital for the presence of Clostridium difficile was performed using contact plates and cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose with 0.1% sodium taurocholate agar. Clostridium difficile was isolated from 24 of 381 sites (6.3%). Growth was obtained from 4.5% (9/202) of sites sampled in the Large Animal Clinic, from 8.1% (13/160) of sites within the Small Animal Clinic, and from 20% (2/10) of sites sampled elsewhere. Fourteen of 21 strains tested produced toxins in vitro. A geographic association was found with areas in the large animal clinic where nosocomial C. difficile diarrhea in horses had previously been diagnosed. Several other sites with a potential for nosocomial transmission of the organism were identified. Areas from which C. difficile was isolated tended to be areas with high animal traffic, with increased chance of fecal contamination, and with rough, difficult to clean surfaces. This study documents the prevalence of this organism in the environment and its potential role in nosocomial disease.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus spa Type t002 Outbreak in Horses and Staff at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital after Its Presumed Introduction by a Veterinarian

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 2827-2831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Steinman ◽  
Samira Masarwa ◽  
Sharon Tirosh-Levy ◽  
Dan Gleser ◽  
Gal Kelmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection and colonization, involving MRSA strains which differ from common human health care-associated clones, have become serious emerging conditions in equine veterinary hospitals. In 2010, MRSAspatype t535 caused an outbreak involving both horses and personnel in a veterinary teaching hospital in Israel. Since then, surveillance continued, and occasional MRSA isolation occurred. Two years later, MRSA of anotherspatype, t002, was isolated from a veterinarian and, 3 weeks later, from a horse. The appearance ofspatype t002, a common clone in human medicine in Israel, among both personnel and horses, prompted a point-prevalence survey of hospital personnel and hospitalized horses. Fifty-nine staff members (n= 16 equine;n= 43, other) and 14 horses were screened. Ten of 59 staff members (16.9%) and 7 of 14 horses (50%) were MRSA carriers. Among the staff, 44% of large animal department (LAD) personnel, compared with only 7% of non-LAD personnel, were carriers. Isolates from all horses and from 9 of 10 personnel were found to be of MRSAspatype t002. This clone was later isolated from an infected postoperative wound in a hospitalized horse. Measures were taken to contain transmission between horses and personnel, as was done in the previous outbreak, resulting in reduction of transmission and, finally, cessation of cross-transmission between horses and personnel.

The outcome of laparoscopic fundoplication for reflux disease in communlity practice in the USA

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A16-A16 ◽  
Author(s):  
N VAKIL ◽  
S TREML ◽  
M SHAW ◽  
R KIRBY
Keyword(s):  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Laparoscopic Fundoplication ◽  
The Usa
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