In-vitro activity of imipenem, in comparison with cefaroxime and ciprofloxadn, against coagnlase-negative staphylococci in broth and peritoneal dialysis fluid

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Wilcox ◽  
I. Geary ◽  
R. C. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

Comparison of the in Vitro Activity of Daptomycin and four other Antimicrobial Agents against Staphylococci Associated with CAPD Peritonitis

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-279
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Vaudry ◽  
Claudia Gratton ◽  
Kinga Kowalewska ◽  
Wanda M. Wenman
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of daptomycin was compared with that of four other antimicrobial agents against clinically relevant staphylococci. Sixtyfive isolates were obtained from patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) who contracted peritonitis. These isolates comprised 29 S. Sureus strains (all sensitive to oxacillin); 25 S. epidermidis strains (14 sensitive and 9 resistant to oxacillin); and 11 unspeciated coagulase-negative staphylococci (2 sensitive and 11 resistant to oxacillin). All of the oxacillin susceptible strains were inhibited by ≤2 mg/L of the five antibiotics tested. The oxacillin resistant staphylococci were also resistant to cefuroxime and variably resistant to cefamandole, but were uniformly susceptible to both vancomycin and daptomycin. Daptomycin possesses equivalent in vitro activity to vancomycin against strains of S. Sureus and coagulase negative staphylococci associated with CAPD peritonitis. If vancomycin resistance becomes a significant problem in these patients, and daptomycin is shown to be active against vancomycin resistant organisms, then it would have potential usefulness as an alternative to vancomycin in the treatment of peritonitis caused by multiply -resistant staphylococci.

CAPD Peritonitis and Fluoroquinolones: A Review

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Janknegt
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Phosphate Binding ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

Fluoroquinolones are potentially useful agents in the treatment of CAPD peritonitis, due to their wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity, favourable pharmacokinetics, oral availability and their relatively low toxicity. The microbiological, pharmacokinetic, and clinical aspects of these drugs in CAPD are reviewed. Ciprofloxacin showed superior in-vitro activity in comparison with various beta lactam agents; gentamicin and vancomycin against staphylococci and particularly against Gram-negative bacteria. Its activity against streptococci is low. The in vitro activity of fiuoroquinolones is reduced in peritoneal dialysis fluid. A limited rise in serum levels is observed with daily administration of fiuoroquinolones in CAPD patients during 5–15 days. Effective dialysate levels are reached in most patients after oral dosing, but these levels are highly variable and low levels are often observed during the first day, an d with short dwell times. Concurrent administration with phosphate binding antacids should be avoided. Initial clinical experience shows that ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin may be effective agents to treat CAPD peritonitis via the oral route. They are usually well tolerated, although convulsions have been observed. The relative efficacy in comparison with “standard therapies” will have to be shown in comparative studies.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of the Activities of Telavancin, Cefazolin, and Vancomycin against Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Peritoneal Dialysate

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 4521-4524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances L. Clouse ◽  
Laurie B. Hovde ◽  
John C. Rotschafer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysate ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Vitro Model

ABSTRACT This study compared the ability of telavancin to the ability of cefazolin and vancomycin to eliminate staphylococci from peritoneal dialysis fluid by using a static in vitro model to simulate the conditions of peritoneal dialysis. The results showed that telavancin exhibited statistically significantly better kill (P < 0.05) against both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the action of fluoroquinolones and vancomycin on biofilms of Staphylococcus strains isolated from infections of peritoneal dialysis catheters

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
A. Rabhi ◽  
S. Mahrane ◽  
S.L. Nouar ◽  
R. Boushaki ◽  
A.N. Benkherif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity

Background: catheter mediated infections are mainly caused by Staphylococci, the treatment of these infections is challenging because of biofilm formation. Methods: A microtiter plate biofilm assay was used to study the in vitro activity of Vancomycin, Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin on preformed biofilms of 30 stains of Staphylococcus isolated from peritoneal dialysis catheters and fluids at concentrations like those used intraperitoneally. Results: The in vitro action of the three antibiotics on preformed biofilms was statistically significant. it was significantly higher for Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin rather than that of Vancomycin. Discussion: the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the three antibiotics at concentrations like those used intraperitoneally and the superiority of Fluoroquinolones activity on Staphylococcal biofilms, these results correlate with the conclusions of other authors.

Compatibility of Cephalosporins and Aminogl Ycosides in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Loeppky ◽  
Eugene Tarka ◽  
E. Dale Everett
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Often dialysis -associated peritonitis is treated before the results of cultures are known with a cephalosporin and an aminoglycoside in combination. Because there may be antagonism between the individual drugs in such combinations, we have investigated this possibility through the use of timed, killing curves in dialysate effluent. We tested various cephalosporins and aminoglycosides alone and in combination at concentrations usually instilled into the peritoneum and determined their activity against one strain each of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of these in-vitro studies show no evidence of antagonism but rather suggest an additive effect as evidenced by more rapid killing.

scholarly journals Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid Supplementation with Alanyl-Glutamine Attenuates Conventional Dialysis Fluid-Mediated Endothelial Cell Injury by Restoring Perturbed Cytoprotective Responses

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1678
Author(s):  
Rebecca Herzog ◽  
Maria Bartosova ◽  
Silvia Tarantino ◽  
Anja Wagner ◽  
Markus Unterwurzacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

Long-term clinical outcome of peritoneal dialysis (PD) depends on adequate removal of small solutes and water. The peritoneal endothelium represents the key barrier and peritoneal transport dysfunction is associated with vascular changes. Alanyl-glutamine (AlaGln) has been shown to counteract PD-induced deteriorations but the effect on vascular changes has not yet been elucidated. Using multiplexed proteomic and bioinformatic analyses we investigated the molecular mechanisms of vascular pathology in-vitro (primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells, HUVEC) and ex-vivo (arterioles of patients undergoing PD) following exposure to PD-fluid. An overlap of 1813 proteins (40%) of over 3100 proteins was identified in both sample types. PD-fluid treatment significantly altered 378 in endothelial cells and 192 in arterioles. The HUVEC proteome resembles the arteriolar proteome with expected sample specific differences of mainly immune system processes only present in arterioles and extracellular region proteins primarily found in HUVEC. AlaGln-addition to PD-fluid revealed 359 differentially abundant proteins and restored the molecular process landscape altered by PD fluid. This study provides evidence on validity and inherent limitations of studying endothelial pathomechanisms in-vitro compared to vascular ex-vivo findings. AlaGln could reduce PD-associated vasculopathy by reducing endothelial cellular damage, restoring perturbed abundances of pathologically important proteins and enriching protective processes.

Chemical and Immunological Characterization of Oxidative Nonenzymatic Protein Modifications in Dialysis Fluids

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Ruiz ◽  
Manuel Portero–Otín ◽  
Reinald Pamplona ◽  
Jesús R. Requena ◽  
Joan Prat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Protein Modifications ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Dialysis Fluids

← Background Glucose degradation products (GDP) in dialysis fluids may induce nonenzymatic protein modifications, the chemical nature and biological properties of which should be better defined. ← Aims To characterize nonenzymatic protein modifications present in glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) and to evaluate the relationship between concentrations of GDP and the derived nonenzymatic modifications, and the potential of PDF for generating these modifications in vitro. ← Methods The presence, distribution, and content of several nonenzymatic protein modifications in PDF were evaluated by immunological methods, by HPLC, and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Peritoneal dialysis fluid-induced oxidative stress in cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. The potential of PDF for generating oxidative and glycoxidative modifications was examined by immunological and cross-linking analyses. ← Results The albumin present in PDF is modified by carboxymethyllysine (CML). GC/MS analyses of PDF proteins confirmed the presence of CML and demonstrated the occurrence of carboxyethyllysine, malondialdehyde lysine, and oxidation-derived semialdehydes. Furthermore, their concentrations in PDF proteins were significantly higher than those in plasma proteins (in all cases, p < 0.02). The concentration of pyrraline, a non-oxidative advanced glycation end-product, increased with dwell time up to 6 hours ( p < 0.03). The PDF induced cellular free-radical production, which was partially inhibited by the Maillard reaction inhibitor aminoguanidine ( p < 0.001). The potential to generate oxidative and glycoxidative modifications demonstrated an inverse relationship with dwell time ( p < 0.05). The PDF was able to induce collagen cross-linking in a close relationship with GDP concentration. ← Conclusions ( 1 ) PDF contains non-oxidative and several oxidative nonenzymatic protein modifications in higher concentrations than plasma. ( 2 ) Peritoneal dialysis fluid induces oxidative stress in vitro, which can be partially inhibited by aminoguanidine. ( 3 ) These properties are directly related to GDP concentration. ( 4 ) Peritoneal dialysis fluid is able to generate glycoxidative and oxidative damage to proteins in vitro in a dwell-time dependent fashion.

scholarly journals Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid and Some of its Components Potentiate Fibrocyte Differentiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Herlihy ◽  
Hannah E. Starke ◽  
Melisa Lopez-Anton ◽  
Nehemiah Cox ◽  
Katayoon Keyhanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Fibrosis ◽  
Peritoneal Tissue ◽  
Baxter Healthcare ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) often results in the development of peritoneal fibrosis. In many other fibrosing diseases, monocytes enter the fibrotic lesion and differentiate into fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes. We find that peritoneal tissue from short-term PD patients contains few fibrocytes, while fibrocytes are readily observed in the peritoneal membrane of long-term PD patients. The PD fluid Dianeal (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA) contains dextrose, a number of electrolytes including sodium chloride, and sodium lactate. We find that PD fluid potentiates human fibrocyte differentiation in vitro and implicates sodium lactate in this potentiation. The plasma protein serum amyloid P (SAP) inhibits fibrocyte differentiation. Peritoneal dialysis fluid and sodium chloride decrease the ability of human SAP to inhibit human fibrocyte differentiation in vitro. Together, these results suggest that PD fluid contributes to the development of peritoneal fibrosis by potentiating fibrocyte differentiation.

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