In vitro activity of four new quinolones in Mueller-Hinton broth and peritoneal dialysis fluid

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Weissauer-Condon ◽  
I. Engels ◽  
F. D. Daschner
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid ◽  
New Quinolones ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

In Vitro Activity of New Quinolones against Anaerobic Bacteria

Drugs ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 233-234
Author(s):  
Carl Erik Nord ◽  
Ann Lindmark ◽  
Ingela Persson
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
New Quinolones

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin against 2,789 Clinical Isolates from 11 North American Medical Centers

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1919-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur L. Barry ◽  
Peter C. Fuchs ◽  
Steven D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Calcium Cations ◽  
Important Exception ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of daptomycin is affected by the concentration of calcium cations in the test medium. Mueller-Hinton broth is currently adjusted to contain 10 to 12.5 mg of magnesium per liter and 20 to 25 mg of calcium per liter, but for testing of daptomycin, greater concentrations of calcium (50 mg/liter) are recommended to better resemble the normal concentration of ionized calcium in human serum. Two levels of calcium were used for broth microdilution tests of 2,789 recent clinical isolates of gram-positive bacterial pathogens. MICs of daptomycin were two- to fourfold lower when the broth contained additional calcium. For most species, however, the percentages of strains that were inhibited by 2.0 μg of daptomycin per ml were essentially identical with the two broth media. Enterococci were the important exception; i.e., 92% were inhibited when tested in calcium-supplemented broth but only 35% were inhibited by 2.0 μg/ml without the additional calcium. This type of information should be considered when selecting criteria for defining in vitro susceptibility to daptomycin.

Comparison of the in Vitro Activity of Daptomycin and four other Antimicrobial Agents against Staphylococci Associated with CAPD Peritonitis

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-279
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Vaudry ◽  
Claudia Gratton ◽  
Kinga Kowalewska ◽  
Wanda M. Wenman
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of daptomycin was compared with that of four other antimicrobial agents against clinically relevant staphylococci. Sixtyfive isolates were obtained from patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) who contracted peritonitis. These isolates comprised 29 S. Sureus strains (all sensitive to oxacillin); 25 S. epidermidis strains (14 sensitive and 9 resistant to oxacillin); and 11 unspeciated coagulase-negative staphylococci (2 sensitive and 11 resistant to oxacillin). All of the oxacillin susceptible strains were inhibited by ≤2 mg/L of the five antibiotics tested. The oxacillin resistant staphylococci were also resistant to cefuroxime and variably resistant to cefamandole, but were uniformly susceptible to both vancomycin and daptomycin. Daptomycin possesses equivalent in vitro activity to vancomycin against strains of S. Sureus and coagulase negative staphylococci associated with CAPD peritonitis. If vancomycin resistance becomes a significant problem in these patients, and daptomycin is shown to be active against vancomycin resistant organisms, then it would have potential usefulness as an alternative to vancomycin in the treatment of peritonitis caused by multiply -resistant staphylococci.

CAPD Peritonitis and Fluoroquinolones: A Review

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Janknegt
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Phosphate Binding ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

Fluoroquinolones are potentially useful agents in the treatment of CAPD peritonitis, due to their wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity, favourable pharmacokinetics, oral availability and their relatively low toxicity. The microbiological, pharmacokinetic, and clinical aspects of these drugs in CAPD are reviewed. Ciprofloxacin showed superior in-vitro activity in comparison with various beta lactam agents; gentamicin and vancomycin against staphylococci and particularly against Gram-negative bacteria. Its activity against streptococci is low. The in vitro activity of fiuoroquinolones is reduced in peritoneal dialysis fluid. A limited rise in serum levels is observed with daily administration of fiuoroquinolones in CAPD patients during 5–15 days. Effective dialysate levels are reached in most patients after oral dosing, but these levels are highly variable and low levels are often observed during the first day, an d with short dwell times. Concurrent administration with phosphate binding antacids should be avoided. Initial clinical experience shows that ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin may be effective agents to treat CAPD peritonitis via the oral route. They are usually well tolerated, although convulsions have been observed. The relative efficacy in comparison with “standard therapies” will have to be shown in comparative studies.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of the Activities of Telavancin, Cefazolin, and Vancomycin against Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Peritoneal Dialysate

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 4521-4524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances L. Clouse ◽  
Laurie B. Hovde ◽  
John C. Rotschafer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysate ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Vitro Model

ABSTRACT This study compared the ability of telavancin to the ability of cefazolin and vancomycin to eliminate staphylococci from peritoneal dialysis fluid by using a static in vitro model to simulate the conditions of peritoneal dialysis. The results showed that telavancin exhibited statistically significantly better kill (P < 0.05) against both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the action of fluoroquinolones and vancomycin on biofilms of Staphylococcus strains isolated from infections of peritoneal dialysis catheters

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
A. Rabhi ◽  
S. Mahrane ◽  
S.L. Nouar ◽  
R. Boushaki ◽  
A.N. Benkherif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity

Background: catheter mediated infections are mainly caused by Staphylococci, the treatment of these infections is challenging because of biofilm formation. Methods: A microtiter plate biofilm assay was used to study the in vitro activity of Vancomycin, Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin on preformed biofilms of 30 stains of Staphylococcus isolated from peritoneal dialysis catheters and fluids at concentrations like those used intraperitoneally. Results: The in vitro action of the three antibiotics on preformed biofilms was statistically significant. it was significantly higher for Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin rather than that of Vancomycin. Discussion: the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the three antibiotics at concentrations like those used intraperitoneally and the superiority of Fluoroquinolones activity on Staphylococcal biofilms, these results correlate with the conclusions of other authors.

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