Bread Before Guns or Butter: Introducing Surplus Domestic Product (SDP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Anders ◽  
Christopher J Fariss ◽  
Jonathan N Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The Core ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Core Problem

Abstract Scholars systematically mismeasure power resources and military burdens by using gross domestic product (GDP) as a proxy for the income states can devote to arming. The core problem is that GDP confounds two conceptually distinct forms of income into one additive indicator. Subsistence income represents resources needed to provide the “bread” necessary to cover the basic subsistence needs of the population. Surplus income represents the remaining resources that could be allocated to “guns” or “butter.” Our new measure of surplus domestic product (SDP) corrects for this measurement error by decomposing subsistence income and surplus income from total GDP. Validation exercises demonstrate that SDP outperforms GDP at measuring the distribution of power resources. Though theoretically we expect states’ decisions to arm are influenced by the distribution of power; empirical models using GDP find mixed support for this expectation. Strikingly, using SDP reveals strong support for this proposition.

scholarly journals Konstribusi Pembiayaan Perbankan Syariah terhadap Pengembangan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muslimin Kara
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Face ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Abstract: The Contribution of Funding Shariah Banking to Developing Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Inority Jurisprudence. The characteristics of Islamic banking are different to conventional banking, because Islamic banking based on the core products of for results which developed into mushârakah and mudârabah financing products. Thus, the existence of Islamic bank should provide large contributions toward real sector development. One enterprise unit that needs to be developed to support real sector development is Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the current national economy havinga very important position, because of its contribution in employment and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as well as flexibility and strength in the face of economic crisis.Keywords: Islamic fund, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)Abstrak: Konstribusi Pembiayaan Perbankan Syariah terhadap Pengembangan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah. Karakteristik perbankan syariah berbeda dengan perbankan yang berdasarkan sistem bunga, karena perbankan syariah didasarkan pada core product pembiayaan bagi hasil yang dikembangkan dalam produk pembiayaan mushârakah dan mudârabah. Dengan demikian, kehadiran perbankan syariah seharusnya memberikan dampak yang besar terhadap pertumbuhan sektor riil. Salah satu unit usaha yang perlu dikembangkan untuk mendorong pertumbuhan sektor riil adalah usaha mikro kecil dan menengah (UMKM) yang dalam perekonomian nasional saat ini memiliki posisi yang sangat penting, karena kontribusinya dalam penyerapan tenaga kerja dan pendapatan domestik bruto (PDB), serta fleksibilitas dan ketangguhannya dalam menghadapi krisis ekonomi.Kata Kunci: pembiayaan syariah, usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM)DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v13i2.944

scholarly journals GDP OF THE SUGAR AND ALCOHOL SECTOR IN BRAZIL AND NORTHEAST: AN INPUT-OUTPUT APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-439
Author(s):  
Alexandre Loures ◽  
Ignácio Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Input Output ◽  
The Core ◽  
Traditional Classification

Under the traditional classification into primary, secondary and tertiary sectors, the value of Agriculture Gross Domestic Product – GDP – is underestimated since upstream and downstream relations are not computed in this statistic. In order to solve this problem, several recent studies, using the concept of Agribusiness, a term coined by Davis and Goldberg in 1957, and representing the sum of all activities related to agriculture, have sought to estimate the value of agricultural GDP considering this activity as the core of a much larger economic system and called Agribusiness and Agro-industrial Complex (CAI). In this work, we attempted to quantify the GDP of the sugar and alcohol sector both for the Northeast and for Brazil, and the participation of the region in GDP composition of this sector in Brazil. The results show that the GDP of this sector accounts for 9.21% of regional GDP. In Brazil, this share is 6.91%. The industry in the Northeast account for 15.57% of the national GDP of activity.

scholarly journals The Political Dynamic of Redistribution in Unequal Democracies: The Center-Left Governments of Chile and Uruguay in Comparative Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Antía
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Core ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Labor Relationship ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
Distribution Of Power

The redistributive reforms carried out by center-left governments in Chile and Uruguay in the 2000s affected the core interests of economic elites. Efforts to increase taxes on high-income sectors and reform the institutions that regulate the capital-labor relationship produced different results in the two countries. While Uruguay adopted significant reforms, reforms in Chile were marginal in 2000–2010 and moderate in 2014–2016. Their different trajectories are related to different configurations of the distribution of power resources between the elites and the social organizations that represent the interests of low-income sectors. Las reformas redistributivas llevadas a cabo por los gobiernos de centro-izquierda en Chile y Uruguay en la década de 2000 afectaron los intereses centrales de las élites económicas. Los esfuerzos para aumentar los impuestos a los sectores de altos ingresos y reformar las instituciones que regulan la relación capital-trabajo produjeron resultados diferentes en los dos países. Mientras que Uruguay adoptó reformas significativas, las reformas en Chile fueron marginales en 2000–2010 y moderadas en 2014–2016. Sus diferentes trayectorias están relacionadas con diferentes configuraciones de la distribución de recursos de poder entre las élites y las organizaciones sociales que representan los intereses de los sectores de bajos ingresos.

scholarly journals NOWCASTING ‘TRUE’ MONTHLY U.S. GDP DURING THE PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 44-70
Author(s):  
Gary Koop ◽  
Stuart McIntyre ◽  
James Mitchell ◽  
Aubrey Poon
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Stochastic Volatility ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Mixed Frequency ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Error Distributions ◽  
The Face

Expenditure-side and income-side gross domestic product (GDP) are measured at the quarterly frequency and contain measurement error. Econometric methods exist for producing reconciled estimates of underlying true GDP from these noisy estimates. Recently, the authors of this paper developed a mixed-frequency reconciliation model which produces monthly estimates of true GDP. In the present paper, we investigate whether this model continues to work well in the face of the extreme observations that occurred during the pandemic year and consider several extensions of it. These include stochastic volatility and error distributions that are fat-tailed or explicitly allow for outliers.

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