scholarly journals Chemokine Levels and Chemokine Receptor Expression in the Blood and the Cerebrospinal Fluid of HIV-Infected Patients With Cryptococcal Meningitis and Cryptococcosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 208 (10) ◽  
pp. 1604-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina C. Chang ◽  
Saleha Omarjee ◽  
Andrew Lim ◽  
Tim Spelman ◽  
Bernadett I. Gosnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Chemokine Receptor ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Chemokine Receptor Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

scholarly journals Increased Adhesion Molecule and Chemokine Receptor Expression on CD8+T Cells Trafficking to Cerebrospinal Fluid in HIV‐1 Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 189 (12) ◽  
pp. 2202-2212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Shacklett ◽  
Catherine A. Cox ◽  
David T. Wilkens ◽  
R. Karl Karlsson ◽  
Annelie Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Chemokine Receptor ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Chemokine Receptor Expression ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome is Associated with Aberrant T Cell Function and Increased Cytokine Responses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Meya ◽  
Samuel Okurut ◽  
Godfrey Zziwa ◽  
Stephen Cose ◽  
David R. Boulware ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
T Cell Memory ◽  
Cell Memory ◽  
Cytokine Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Cryptococcal meningitis remains a significant opportunistic infection among HIV-infected patients, contributing 15%-20% of HIV-related mortality. A complication of initiating Antiretroviral therapy (ART) following opportunistic infection is Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS). IRIS afflicts 10-30% of HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM), but its immunopathogenesis is poorly understood. We compared circulating T cell memory subsets and cytokine responses among 17 HIV-infected Ugandans with CM: 11 with and 6 without CM-IRIS. At meningitis diagnosis, stimulation with cryptococcal capsule component, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) elicited consistently lower frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell memory subsets expressing intracellular cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-17) among subjects who subsequently developed CM-IRIS. After ART initiation, T cells evolved to show a decreased CD8+ central memory phenotype. At the onset of CM-IRIS, stimulation more frequently generated polyfunctional IL-2+/IL-17+ CD4+ T cells in patients with CM-IRIS. Moreover, CD8+ central and effector memory T cells from CM-IRIS subjects also demonstrated more robust IL-2 responses to antigenic stimulation vs. controls. Thus, ART during CM elicits distinct differences in T cell cytokine production in response to cryptococcal antigens both prior to and during the development of IRIS, suggesting an immunologic foundation for the development of this morbid complication of CM infection.

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