scholarly journals Commentary: Probability of HIV transmission through anal intercourse

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1064-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Grulich ◽  
I. Zablotska
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Anal Intercourse

scholarly journals Formative Assessment of ARM-U: A Modular Intervention for Decreasing Risk Behaviors Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Methamphetamine-Using MSM

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S Garfein ◽  
Mitcheal Metzner ◽  
Jazmine Cuevas ◽  
Chad A Bousman ◽  
Thomas Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Formative Research ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Satisfaction Survey ◽  
Methamphetamine Use

Background: Methamphetamine is a major contributor to HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). Recent studies show that up to one-third of methamphetamine-using MSM (MUMSM) inject the drug. We developed a behavioral intervention for MUMSM to decrease unprotected anal intercourse and increase awareness of parenteral HIV transmission risk. This 6-session (3 in-person, 3 by telephone) modular intervention was designed to be tailored to participants’ HIV (+/-) and injection drug user ([IDU] yes/no) status. We present results of formative research used to evaluate the content and to assess feasibility and acceptability of this individual-level HIV risk-reduction intervention. Setting: HIV research clinic in a high MSM and methamphetamine prevalence neighborhood. Project: Avoiding Risks from Methamphetamine-Use (ARM-U) is a brief toolbox intervention that allows counselors to select modules that suit a client’s individual risk profile and intervention needs employing motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral theory. We evaluated the format and content of the intervention through focus groups and pre-testing of the entire intervention using volunteers from the target population stratified into four groups (HIV+/IDU, HIV-/IDU, HIV+/non-IDU, HIV-/non-IDU). Four individuals in each stratum were recruited to undergo the intervention and complete a satisfaction survey at the end of each in-person session. Results: In total, 25 MUMSM attended one of five focus groups. Participants thought all proposed intervention topics were important and could aid in reducing sexual risk behaviors among MUMSM. However, the neurocognitive effects of methamphetamine were reported to be a barrier to practicing safer sex, condom use negotiation or HIV status disclosure. Fifteen (94%) of 16 participants completed all 6 sessions and the satisfaction survey. On average, participants felt the intervention was useful for MUMSM, made them contemplate and move toward behavior change, and would recommend the program to their peers. Lessons Learned: Based on our formative research, we revised the ARM-U intervention to emphasize pre-planning to avoid combining methamphetamine use and sex or develop strategies to avoid sex risk following methamphetamine use. We also increased emphasis on referrals for care and other requested services. Future efficacy trials are needed to evaluate the intervention’s ability to reduce HIV-associated risk behaviors.

scholarly journals Strategies used by gay male HIV serodiscordant couples to reduce the risk of HIV transmission from anal intercourse in three countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. e25277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R Bavinton ◽  
Garrett P Prestage ◽  
Fengyi Jin ◽  
Nittaya Phanuphak ◽  
Beatriz Grinsztejn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Serodiscordant Couples ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
Hiv Serodiscordant Couples

scholarly journals The rectal mucosa and condomless receptive anal intercourse in HIV-negative MSM: implications for HIV transmission and prevention

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 996-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
C F Kelley ◽  
C S Kraft ◽  
T JB de Man ◽  
C Duphare ◽  
H-W Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Rectal Mucosa ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Receptive Anal Intercourse ◽  
Hiv Negative

Assessing the role of anal intercourse in the epidemiology of AIDS in Africa

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Brody ◽  
John J Potterat
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Health Care Practices ◽  
Heterosexual Anal Intercourse ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Sub Saharan

Public health authorities have long believed that the preponderance of AIDS cases in Africa are attributable to 'heterosexual transmission'; most people silently assume this rubric to indicate penile–vaginal intercourse only. Recent epidemiologic analyses suggest that the majority of HIV cases in sub-Saharan Africa may be due to non-sterile health care practices. The present paper reviews the anthropological, proctologic, and infectious disease literature, and argues that both homosexuality and heterosexual anal intercourse are more prevalent in Africa than has traditionally been believed. The authors hypothesize that perhaps the majority of HIV transmission not accounted for by iatrogenic exposure could be accounted for by unsuspected and unreported penile–anal intercourse. Given the authors' findings, properly conducted studies to measure this HIV transmission vector, while controlling for iatrogenic exposure confound, are clearly warranted in Africa and in countries with similar epidemiologic characteristics.

HIV transmission risk behaviours among HIV-positive persons in serodiscordant relationships

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth C Kalichman ◽  
David Rompa ◽  
Webster Luke ◽  
James Austin
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive Men

As many as one in three persons living with HIV-AIDS continue to practise unprotected sexual intercourse and these practices often occur with HIV-negative or unknown HIV serostatus (serodiscordant) partners. The current study examined the rates of HIV transmission risk behaviours in non-regular (e.g. casual) and regular (e.g. steady) serodiscordant relationships. HIV positive men ( n = 269) and women ( n = 114) responded to measures of demographic characteristics, health and mental health status, and sexual behaviours assessed in partner-by-partner interviews. 257 (67%) participants were sexually active in the preceding three months and 182 (71%) of the sexually active persons had engaged in vaginal or anal intercourse with serodiscordant partners. Comparisons of persons with non-regular ( n = 97) and regular ( n = 85) serodiscordant partners showed that overall rates of unprotected and protected intercourse were greater with regular partners than non-regular partners. Disclosure of HIV status to regular and non-regular serodiscordant partners did not appear to influence the pattern of results. Mathematical modelling showed that HIV transmission estimates over a one-year horizon were significantly greater for male regular partners of HIV-positive men than non-regular partners and there was a trend toward greater HIV transmission rates from HIV-positive men to their regular serodiscordant female partners compared to non-regular partners. Results suggest an urgent need for HIV transmission risk reduction interventions for HIV serodiscordant couples, particularly for couples in established, regular relationships.

Syphilis and HIV Infection among Displaced Pregnant Women in Rural Mozambique

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
H A Cossa ◽  
S Gloyd ◽  
R G Vaz ◽  
E Folgosa ◽  
E Simbine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Seroprevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

A cross-sectional study was conducted among displaced pregnant women in Mozambique to determine the prevalence and correlates of HIV infection and syphilis. Between September 1992 and February 1993, 1728 consecutive antenatal attendees of 14 rural clinics in Zambézia were interviewed, examined, and tested for HIV and syphilis antibodies. The seroprevalence of syphilis and HIV were 12.2% and 2.9%, respectively. Reported sexual abuse was frequent (8.4%) but sex for money was uncommon. A positive MHA-TP result was significantly associated with unmarried status, history of past STD, HIV infection, and current genital ulcers, vaginal discharge, or genital warts. Significant correlates of HIV seropositivity included anal intercourse, history of past STD, and syphilis. In summary, displaced pregnant women had a high prevalence of syphilis but a relatively low HIV seroprevalence suggesting recent introduction of HIV infection in this area or slow spread of the epidemic. A syphilils screening and treatment programme is warranted to prevent perinatal transmission and to reduce the incidence of chancres as a cofactor for HIV transmission.

Gay men who engage in substance use and sexual risk behaviour: a dual-risk group with unique characteristics

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 698-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Mor ◽  
U Davidovich ◽  
M Mcfarlane ◽  
G Feldshtein ◽  
D Chemtob
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Unprotected Anal Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
First Time

‘Recreational’ substances used among men having sex with men, and their association with risky unprotected anal intercourse (RUAI) were examined – for the first time in Israel – in an internet-based questionnaire assessing knowledge, practices and motivation. Between March and May 2005, 2873 participants completed the entire questionnaire. Of the total, 669 (23%) reported RUAI during the last six months, and 1319 (46%) used substances during sex. Use of substance was significantly higher among those performing RUAI than those who did not (31.5% versus 26.4%, P = 0.03). Involvement in both substance use and RUAI was reported by 366 participants (13%). HIV rates were higher in this dual-risk group ( P < 0.01), and individuals reported more partners in the last six months than those not part of this dual risk (11.6 versus 8.2, P = 0.02). In multivariate analyses, Tel-Aviv residency, lower education, performing receptive RUAI, misperception of HIV transmission and limited negotiation skills were positively associated with this dual-risk behaviour.

scholarly journals Sex in Two Cities - Gay Men, Risk and HIV in Perth and- Sydney

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Brown ◽  
B. Maycock ◽  
G. Prestage ◽  
P.V.D. Ven
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Unprotected Anal Intercourse ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Sexual Negotiation ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Australian City ◽  
Similarities And Differences

After massive and sustained reductions in HIV risk behaviour amongst Australian gay men in the 1980's and early 1990's, since 1996 there have been signs of small but significant increases in unprotected anal intercourse. Gay communities are responding to a post crisis context. However, is this response constant across different locations? This paper investigates changes in sexual negotiation and behaviour amongst gay men in the relatively small Australian city of Perth between 1998 and 2002 and compares these results to similar studies in Sydney, an Australian HIV epicentre city. A number of important similarities and differences between the Perth and Sydney samples are identified, particularly in casual contexts and disclosure of HIV status, identifying that isolated or smaller cities may experience similar phenomena to larger cities, but these may be due to different reasons. The findings point to the need for complementary qualitative research and cautions health promotion practitioners to test their assumptions when developing responses to prevent HIV transmission. Asia Pac JPublic Health 2004; 16(1): 3-8.

scholarly journals Estimation of Potential HIV Transmission Risk in Recent Anal Intercourse Events among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Bavinton ◽  
I Gusti Agung Agus Mahendra ◽  
John Kaldor ◽  
Matthew Law ◽  
Andrew E. Grulich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Condomless Anal Intercourse ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Transmission Risk

In recent years, prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has increased substantially in Bali, Indonesia, in men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women, known locally as ‘waria’. There are limited behavioural data in this population. We conducted a behavioural survey of MSM/waria in Bali in March–April 2018. Respondents were primarily recruited by HIV outreach workers. Respondents reported details about anal intercourse events with their last male/waria romantic partner and/or last male/waria casual partner (respondents could report on both if relevant). Statistical significance was tested with generalised estimating equations. Among 709 participants, median age was 27 (interquartile range = 24–31), and 92.1% were male and 7.9% were waria. One-third were born in Bali. Overall, 85.9% had ever had an HIV test; 55.1% reported being HIV-negative, 15.0% HIV-positive, and 30.0% had unknown serostatus. Most (86.5%) reported sex with men, 9.5% with waria, and 20.0% with women in the previous 6 months. Respondents described 703 anal intercourse events (397/306 with romantic/casual partners, respectively; 191 reported on both). Over half (56.5%) of the events were protected by condoms and 7.3% by biomedical prevention (2.6% by PrEP in either partner, 4.7% by HIV treatments in either partner). Thus, 36.3% of events involved unprotected condomless anal intercourse (40.8%/30.4% in romantic/casual partners, respectively). In multivariate analysis, unprotected condomless anal intercourse events were associated with romantic partners (p < 0.001), being born in Bali (p = 0.002), lower education (p = 0.013), believing that withdrawal before ejaculation is effective (p < 0.001), liking to use withdrawal (p = 0.021), and not liking condoms (p < 0.001). One-quarter of events had potentially reduced HIV transmission risk through non-condom-based risk reduction strategies, while 11.1% had no potential risk reduction. Events presenting the highest potential risk of HIV transmission were more commonly reported by respondents born in Bali.

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