scholarly journals Zinc supplementation for the prevention of acute lower respiratory infection in children in developing countries: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized trials

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Roth ◽  
S. A. Richard ◽  
R. E. Black
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Meta Regression

scholarly journals Particulate matter of different sizes associated with acute lower respiratory infection outpatient visits in children: a counterfactual analysis in Guangzhou, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Liang ◽  
Qiong Meng ◽  
Qiaohuan Yang ◽  
Na Chen ◽  
Chuming You
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Background The burden of lower respiratory infection is primarily borne by developing countries. However, the association between particulate matter of different sizes and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) outpatient visits in developing countries is less studied. Methods We obtained data on ALRI outpatient visits (N = 105,639) from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China between 2013 and 2019. Over-dispersed generalized additive Poisson models were employed to evaluate the excess risk (ER) associated with particulate matter [inhalable particulate matter (PM10), coarse particulate matter (PMc), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)]. Counterfactual analyses were used to examine the potential percent reduction of ALRI outpatient visits if the levels of air pollution were as low as those recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results There were 35,310 pneumonia, 68,218 bronchiolitis, and 2,111 asthma outpatient visits included. Each 10 µg/m3 increase of three-day moving averages of particulate matter was associated with significant ER [95% confidence interval (CI)] of outpatient visits of pneumonia [PM2.5: 3.71% (2.91%, 4.52%); PMc: 9.19% (6.94%, 11.49%); PM10: 4.36% (3.21%, 5.52%)], bronchiolitis [PM2.5: 3.21% (2.49%, 3.93%); PMc: 9.13% (7.09%, 11.21%); PM10: 3.12% (2.10%, 4.15%)], and asthma [PM2.5: 3.45% (1.18%, 5.78%); PMc: 11.69% (4.45%, 19.43%); PM10: 3.33% (0.26%, 6.49%)]. The association between particulate matter and pneumonia outpatient visits was stronger among male patients and in cold seasons. Counterfactual analyses suggested that PM2.5 was associated with the largest potential decline of ALRI outpatient visits [pneumonia: 3.89%, 95% CI: (3.24%, 5.52%); bronchiolitis: 4.35% (3.06%, 4.82%); asthma: 5.98% (1.92%, 10.37%)] if the air pollutants were reduced to the level of the reference guidelines. Conclusion Short-term exposure to PM2.5, PMc, and PM10 is associated with significant risk of ALRI outpatient visits, among which PM2.5 is associated with the highest potential decline in outpatient visits if it could be reduced to the WHO recommended level.

scholarly journals Cost of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Acute Lower Respiratory Infection Management in Young Children at the Regional and Global Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (Supplement_7) ◽  
pp. S680-S687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Zhang ◽  
Lily Zainal Akmar ◽  
Freddie Bailey ◽  
Barbara A Rath ◽  
Maren Alchikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Initial Event ◽  
Global Cost ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children aged <5 years. Methods We aimed to identify the global inpatient and outpatient cost of management of RSV-ALRI in young children to assist health policy makers in making decisions related to resource allocation for interventions to reduce severe morbidity and mortality from RSV in this age group. We searched 3 electronic databases including Global Health, Medline, and EMBASE for studies reporting cost data on RSV management in children under 60 months from 2000 to 2017. Unpublished data on the management cost of RSV episodes were collected through collaboration with an international working group (RSV GEN) and claim databases. Results We identified 41 studies reporting data from year 1987 to 2017, mainly from Europe, North America, and Australia, covering the management of a total of 365 828 RSV disease episodes. The average cost per episode was €3452 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3265–3639) and €299 (95% CI, 295–303) for inpatient and outpatient management without follow-up, and it increased to €8591(95% CI, 8489–8692) and €2191 (95% CI, 2190–2192), respectively, with follow-up to 2 years after the initial event. Conclusions Known risk factors (early and late preterm birth, congenital heart disease, chronic lung disease, intensive care unit admission, and ventilator use) were associated with €4160 (95% CI, 3237–5082) increased cost of hospitalization. The global cost of inpatient and outpatient RSV ALRI management in young children in 2017 was estimated to be approximately €4.82 billion (95% CI, 3.47–7.93), 65% of these in developing countries and 55% of global costs accounted for by hospitalization. We have demonstrated that RSV imposed a substantial economic burden on health systems, governments, and the society.

scholarly journals Size-Specific Particulate Matter Associated With Acute Lower Respiratory Infection Outpatient Visits in Children: A Counterfactual Analysis in Guangzhou, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Liang ◽  
Qiong Meng ◽  
Qiaohuan Yang ◽  
Na Chen ◽  
Chuming You
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Coarse Particulate Matter

The burden of lower respiratory infections is primarily evident in the developing countries. However, the association between size-specific particulate matter and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) outpatient visits in the developing countries has been less studied. We obtained data on ALRI outpatient visits (N = 105,639) from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China between 2013 and 2019. Over-dispersed generalized additive Poisson models were employed to evaluate the excess risk (ER) associated with the size-specific particulate matter, such as inhalable particulate matter (PM10), coarse particulate matter (PMc), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Counterfactual analyses were used to examine the potential percent reduction of ALRI outpatient visits if the levels of air pollution recommended by the WHO were followed. There were 35,310 pneumonia, 68,218 bronchiolitis, and 2,111 asthma outpatient visits included. Each 10 μg/m3 increase of 3-day moving averages of particulate matter was associated with a significant ER (95% CI) of outpatient visits of pneumonia (PM2.5: 3.71% [2.91, 4.52%]; PMc: 9.19% [6.94, 11.49%]; PM10: 4.36% [3.21, 5.52%]), bronchiolitis (PM2.5: 3.21% [2.49, 3.93%]; PMc: 9.13% [7.09, 11.21%]; PM10: 3.12% [2.10, 4.15%]), and asthma (PM2.5: 3.45% [1.18, 5.78%]; PMc: 11.69% [4.45, 19.43%]; PM10: 3.33% [0.26, 6.49%]). The association between particulate matter and pneumonia outpatient visits was more evident in men patients and in the cold seasons. Counterfactual analyses showed that PM2.5 was associated with a larger potential decline of ALRI outpatient visits compared with PMc and PM10 (pneumonia: 11.07%, 95% CI: [7.99, 14.30%]; bronchiolitis: 6.30% [4.17, 8.53%]; asthma: 8.14% [2.65, 14.33%]) if the air pollutants were diminished to the level of the reference guidelines. In conclusion, short-term exposures to PM2.5, PMc, and PM10 are associated with ALRI outpatient visits, and PM2.5 is associated with the highest potential decline in outpatient visits if it could be reduced to the levels recommended by the WHO.

scholarly journals Zinc Supplementation Reduces Recurrent Acute Lower Respiratory Infection (ALRI)

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
K Akhtar ◽  
RB Chowdhury ◽  
M Sultana ◽  
S Yasmeen
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Zinc Supplement

Introduction: Pneumonia is a frequent and serious human illness. In Bangladesh, Acute Lower Respiratory Infection (ALRI) is a major cause of death among young children. Childhood mortality can be reduced by 50% with detection and early treatment of illness with antibiotics and immunization. Zinc plays an important role in the optimal function of the immune system by reducing the risk, severity and duration of infectious diseases. Zinc supplementation improves health and cell mediated immunity. Objectives: This study is aimed at documenting effect of zinc supplementation in preschool children on reducing ALRI. Methods: This was a double blind random control trial interventional study among180 child, conducted at Comilla CMH, from January 2010 to December 2011. The children aged 6-60 months were selected randomly for comparison of effect of Zinc and Vitamin B-Complex on ALRI. Results: In the study population, male to female ratio was 1.05:1. Baseline average age was 32 months and weight for height was 92% Of NCHS mean. It was found that 89% children completed immunization as per EPI schedule, the rest 11% were partially immunized. Twenty nine percent children had family history of Atopy. This study showed 15 episodes of ALRI in Zinc group in the control B-Complex group (1.09episodes/child/year) during the six months follow-up. There was no association of ALRI with sex. The male female ratio in this respect was 1.07:1. In this study there was statistically significant and clinically important (67%) reduction of episodes of ALRI in oral Zinc supplement group. Conclusion: This finding strongly suggests that oral supplement of Zinc reduces episodes of ALRI in children. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i1.18736 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.9(1) 2013: 84-89

Aflatoxin and outcome from acute lower respiratory infection in children in The Philippines

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Denning ◽  
S. C. Quiepo ◽  
D. G. Altman ◽  
K. Makarananda ◽  
G. E. Neal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection

scholarly journals Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Childhood and Household Fuel Use in Bhaktapur, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N. Bates ◽  
Ram K. Chandyo ◽  
Palle Valentiner-Branth ◽  
Amod K. Pokhrel ◽  
Maria Mathisen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Fuel Use

scholarly journals IL-33 and ST2 as predictors of disease severity in children with viral acute lower respiratory infection

Cytokine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 154965
Author(s):  
Carolina Augusta Arantes Portugal ◽  
Ítalo de Araújo Castro ◽  
Mirela Cristina Moreira Prates ◽  
Talita Bianca Gagliardi ◽  
Ronaldo Bragança Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document