scholarly journals Author's Response * On the roles of skin type and sun exposure in the risk of endometriosis and melanoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kvaskoff ◽  
S. Mesrine ◽  
F. Clavel-Chapelon ◽  
M.-C. Boutron-Ruault
Keyword(s):  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Skin Type

scholarly journals Feasibility of Phototherapy as a Community-Based Solution for Vitamin D Deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 240-240
Author(s):  
Mary McCarthy ◽  
Evelyn Elshaw ◽  
Barbara Szekely ◽  
Tom Beltran
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Skin Type ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Objectives 1. Determine acceptability and feasibility of a phototherapy kiosk designed as a self-care intervention for low vitamin D; 2. Demonstrate that narrow spectrum ultraviolet (UV) B delivered by the kiosk is equivalent to recommended daily D3 supplementation to raise or maintain serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D levels at or above 30 ng/mL; and 3. Examine the relationship of demographic variables, including age, gender, body mass index, physical activity, ethnicity, skin type, season, and sun exposure to serum 25(OH)D levels in both treatment arms. Methods Participants were randomized to either the phototherapy kiosk (PK) for a treatment every other week or 600 IU D3 oral supplement (OS) daily, for 10 weeks. PK exposure was based on response to previous treatment and Fitzpatrick Skin Type category; subjects wore undergarments only and eye protection for treatments of 2–6 minutes duration. OS group received a one-time prescription of 70 capsules, dispensed by a research pharmacist. Primary outcome was serum 25(OH)D level. Results Final sample 88 adults; OS group n = 45 and PK group n = 43. Demographics: median age 35 years, mostly female (66%), no difference observed between groups for age, race/ethnicity, or marital status. No difference seen in skin type, birth location, sun exposure, or use of sunscreen. OS group had higher BMI and %body fat. Baseline 25(OH)D level were similar, P = 0.25. At 12 weeks median OS 25(OH)D 25.5 ng/mL and PK 30 ng/mL; P = .01. At 16 weeks, OS group 25(OH)D level 21 ng/mL and PK 27 ng/mL; P = .04. Adherence: OS 92% vs PK 100%. There were no reportable adverse events. Conclusions Use of PK every other week achieved higher serum levels of 25(OH)D than usual care vitamin D3 600 IU/day for 10 weeks, although both groups returned to baseline levels 30 days post-treatment. At a time when self-care measures are highly valued for health promotion, programmed UVB delivered via PK in the community appears to be a safe, efficacious alternative to oral D3 supplementation but requires recurring use. Results from this study suggest a need for early intervention in preventable health conditions impacting Warfighter performance and readiness, particularly pre-deployment when optimizing long-term wellness for duty in austere environments. Funding Sources Benesol, Inc.

Chemical and Laser Resurfacing of the Eyelids and Face

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Holds
Keyword(s):  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Skin Type ◽  
Skin Resurfacing ◽  
Skin Preparation ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Malignant Skin ◽  
Chemical Peels ◽  
History Of

Chemical peels, mechanical abrasion, and more recently laser and electrosurgical devices are used to resurface eyelid and facial skin. The common feature in these techniques is the denaturation or removal of the skin surface. These techniques typically help to hide skin changes related to sun exposure and aging by evening the skin tone, decreasing dyschromia, and diminishing wrinkles. These techniques all require careful case selection and patient preparation with appropriate treatment and postoperative care. Recent interest has focused on less invasive therapy with techniques that leave the epithelium largely intact, shortening healing time and reducing the risk of complications. Aging and sun damage induce a number of changes in skin, including wrinkling, the development of muscle- or gravity-related folds, irregular pigment or dyschromia, and the growth of benign and malignant skin lesions. Scars from acne, trauma, or surgery can also be indications for skin resurfacing. Potential benefit in all of these techniques must be balanced against risks and expected healing time. A medical history must be obtained, looking for a history of immune dysfunction, prior acne, or a history of herpes simplex outbreaks. Prior treatment with radiation or isotretinoin (Accutane) may diminish the pilosebaceous units required for healing. Acne rosacea and cutaneous telangiectasia may be aggravated by skin resurfacing. Cutaneous history must focus on scarring tendencies such as keloid formation, skin type, and ancestry. In particular, one must determine the patient’s skin type, most commonly by assigning a Fitzpatrick’s skin type. Patients with skin type III require careful topical preparation for skin resurfacing treatment in most cases, and patients with skin type IV or higher are more prone to scarring and pigment issues and are not treated with medium depth to deep skin resurfacing techniques by most clinicians. Wrinkles may be graded by the Glogau classification scheme. This scale from “fine wrinkles” (type 1) to “only wrinkles” (type IV) will help to define the amount and type of treatment needed. These loose recommendations will generally hold true in determining effective therapy. The deeper and more invasive the treatment, the more important the role of skin preparation and prophylaxis.

scholarly journals Clinico-investigation on epidemiological study in 119 Indian cases of melasma

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Rashi Pangti ◽  
Vibhu Mendiratta ◽  
Ram Chander ◽  
Meenu Malik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Skin Type ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Hair Dye ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Melasma, a multifactorial disease, constitutes the most common facial melanosis in Indian population.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> 119 cases of melasma aged 18 years or above were enrolled. Detailed history, examination and laboratory investigations were done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>20 (16.8%) were males and 99 (83.2%) females. Mean age was 35.25 years. Disease duration was more than 1 year in 102 (85.7%), 6 months to 1 year in 10 (8.4%) and less than 6 months in 7 (5.9%). 22 (18.49%) had occupation-related increased duration of sun-exposure 19 (86.3%) or heat-exposure 3 (13.6%). 79 (66.4%) had skin type IV, 26 (21.8%) type III, 14 (11.8%) type V. Centrofacial was commonest distribution pattern in 87 (73.1%), malar in 30 (25.2%), mandibular in 2 (1.7%). Mean duration of daily sun-exposure was 53.36 minutes (male-124.75, female-38.94). Mean Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) score was 11.602. There was significant association between MASI and skin type (p&lt;0.001). Other etiological factors were: Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) use in 17 (17.17%), melasma during pregnancy in 39 (39.4%), family history of melasma in 24 (20.2%), hair dye use in 66 (55.5%), cosmetics use in 19 (16%), mustard oil use in 31 (26.1%), mustard oil along with other oil(s)’ use in 39 (32.8%). Laboratory investigations revealed anemia in 60 (50.42%), dyslipidemia in 73 (61.34%), abnormal thyroid function test in 26 (21.85%), serum vitamin B12 deficiency in 35 (29.4%) and vitamin D deficiency in 94 (79%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher skin phototypes should be cautious about general measures and associated risk factors (hair dye/oils, cosmetics). Increased daily sun-exposure, OCPs use, pregnancy, thyroid disorders are risk factors. Housewives and indoor occupations should be advised physical sunscreens for protection against infra-red radiation. Anemia, dyslipidemia, thyroid dysfunction, vitamin D and B12 levels can be assessed although their exact role in perpetuating/precipitating melasma needs further studies</p>

scholarly journals Study of Efficacy and Safety of Triple Combination Agent (4% Hydroquinone, 0.05% Tretinoin and 0.05% Clobetasone Butyrate) in the Treatment of Melasma

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mesbah Uddin Khan ◽  
Abu Reza Sayem Ahamed
Keyword(s):  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Skin Type ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Triple Combination ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Remarkable Reduction ◽  
Association Medical

Melasma is a very common disorder of hypermelanosis affecting face. The pigmented patches usually affect darker complexioned individual especially Asian. An interventional study was carried out to detect the efficacy and safety of triple combination agent (4% Hydroquinone, 0.05% Tretinoin and 0.05% Clobetasone butyrate) in the treatment of melasma. Total 50 clinically diagnosed cases of melasma attending in outpatient department of Dermatology and Venereology, Diabetic Association Medical College Hospital (DAMCH), Faridpur were evaluated. Maximum patients (40%) were between 31-35 years of age and 80% were female. Sun exposure (60%) and contraceptive pill (36%) were common precipitating factors. Of them 54% patients have skin type IV, 24% patients have skin type III. Centrofacial melasma (64%) was the commonest pattern of melasma. MASI score at base line was 9.45, and after 12th week were 4.62. After completion of therapy there was remarkable reduction (51.11%) of severity of melasma. The triple combination agent were well tolerated and commonly observed side effects were erythema (34%) and burning (22%). This study demonstrates that every night application of triple combination agents has significant lightening effect in the treatment of melasma.a DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v8i1.16893 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2013;8(1): 22-25

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of betapapillomavirus infections in individuals without cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 1611-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurits N. C. de Koning ◽  
Sönke Jan Weissenborn ◽  
Damiano Abeni ◽  
Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck ◽  
Sylvie Euvrard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Skin Type ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Sex Skin ◽  
Skin Phototype

Betapapillomavirus (betaPV) infections are often associated with squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) and the prevalence of betaPV infections in (immunosuppressed) SCC patients is known to be high. The distribution and possible associated factors of betaPV infections in the general population, however, are largely unknown. To address this issue, betaPV infection was studied in 1405 SCC-free immunocompetent (n=845) and immunosuppressed (n=560) individuals from six countries of different latitudes. A standard study protocol was used to obtain information about age, sex, UV-irradiation and skin type, and from all participants eyebrow hairs were collected for detection and genotyping of 25 established betaPV types using the PM-PCR reverse hybridization assay (RHA) method. The frequency of betaPV-positive participants ranged from 84 to 91 % in the immunocompetent population with HPV23 as the most prevalent type, and from 81 to 98 % in the immunosuppressed population with HPV23 as the most or the second most prevalent type. The median number of infecting betaPV types ranged from four to six in the immunocompetent and from three to six in the immunosuppressed population. Increasing age in the immunocompetent participants and (duration of) immunosuppression in the immunosuppressed patients were associated with betaPV infection. In both groups, sex, skin phototype, sunburns and sun-exposure were not consistently associated with betaPV infection. This study demonstrates that betaPV infections are also highly prevalent in SCC-free individuals, with similar HPV types prevailing in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed persons. Age and (duration of) immunosuppression were identified as betaPV infection-associated factors, whereas characteristics related to sun exposure and skin type were not.

scholarly journals Is Sunlight Exposure Enough to Avoid Wintertime Vitamin D Deficiency in United Kingdom Population Groups?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kift ◽  
Lesley Rhodes ◽  
Mark Farrar ◽  
Ann Webb
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Skin Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Oral Vitamin ◽  
Working Age

Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is required for cutaneous vitamin D synthesis, and experimental studies have indicated the levels of sun exposure required to avoid a vitamin D deficient status. Our objectives are to examine the sun exposure behaviours of different United Kingdom sectors and to identify if their exposure is enough to maintain winter circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D above deficiency (>25 nmol/L). Data are from a series of human studies involving >500 volunteers and performed using the same protocols in Greater Manchester, UK (53.5° N) in healthy white Caucasian adolescents and working-age adults (skin type I–IV), healthy South Asian working-age adults (skin type V), and adults with photodermatoses (skin conditions caused or aggravated by cutaneous sun exposure). Long-term monitoring of the spectral ambient UVR of the Manchester metropolitan area facilitates data interpretation. The healthy white populations are exposed to 3% ambient UVR, contrasting with ~1% in South Asians. South Asians and those with photodermatoses wear clothing exposing smaller skin surface area, and South Asians have the lowest oral vitamin D intake of all groups. Sun exposure levels prevent winter vitamin D deficiency in 95% of healthy white adults and 83% of adolescents, while 32% of the photodermatoses group and >90% of the healthy South Asians were deficient. The latter require increased oral vitamin D, whilst their sun exposure provides a tangible contribution and might convey other health benefits.

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