scholarly journals Geographical differences of cancer incidence in Costa Rica in relation to environmental and occupational pesticide exposure

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wesseling ◽  
D. Antich ◽  
C. Hogstedt ◽  
A. C. Rodriguez ◽  
A. Ahlbom
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Geographical Differences

scholarly journals Variability and predictors of weekly pesticide exposure in applicators on organic, sustainable, and conventional smallholder farms in Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Fuhrimann S ◽  
Staudacher P ◽  
Lindh C ◽  
van Wendel de Joode B ◽  
Mora A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Smallholder Farms

scholarly journals Variability and predictors of weekly pesticide exposure in applicators from organic, sustainable and conventional smallholder farms in Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Fuhrimann ◽  
Philipp Staudacher ◽  
Christian Lindh ◽  
Berna van Wendel de Joode ◽  
Ana M Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Pesticide Exposures

ObjectiveEstimates of pesticide exposure among applicators from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are scarce, and exposure assessment methods are sometimes costly or logistically unfeasible. We examined the variability in weeklong pesticide exposure among applicators in Costa Rica and its predictors.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among 221 pesticide applicators from organic, sustainable and conventional farms in 2016. We administered structured questionnaires to assess pesticide application practices at two time points (4–6 weeks apart). We adapted an existing algorithm to fit the context of smallholders and derive weekly pesticide exposure scores. We used linear mixed-effect models to examine within-worker and between-worker score variability. We then identified sociodemographic and occupational predictors of weekly pesticide exposure scores.ResultsWe observed high within-worker and between-worker variability in weekly pesticide exposures (eg, up to 180-fold and 70-fold differences in average weekly exposures within and between workers, respectively; intraclass correlation coefficient=0.4). Applicators working on conventional and sustainable farms had exposure scores twofold and 1.5-fold higher than those working in organic farms, respectively. Farm workers who received training on pesticide use had weekly pesticide exposure scores of 33% (95% CI 1% to 55%) lower than those who did not receive any training.ConclusionsIn this study of applicators from smallholder farms in Costa Rica, we determined the importance of collecting questionnaire data on self-reported pesticide use repeatedly due to its high variability within workers and absence of application records. Our questionnaire-based exposure algorithm could allow the calculation of semiquantitative estimates of average pesticide exposure for applicators from other LMICs.

scholarly journals Incidence Trend and Epidemiology of Common Cancers in the Center of Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosein Rafiemanesh ◽  
Narjes Rajaei-Behbahani ◽  
Yousef Khani ◽  
Sayedehafagh Hosseini ◽  
Zahra Pournamdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incidence Trend ◽  
Join Point ◽  
Registry Report ◽  
Male To Female

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Cancer is a major public health problem in Iran and many other parts of the world. The cancer incidence is different in various countries and in country provinces. Geographical differences in the cancer incidence lead to be important to conduct an epidemiological study of the disease. This study aimed to investigate cancer epidemiology and trend in the province of Qom, located in center of Iran.</p> <p><strong>METHOD: </strong>This is an analytical cross-sectional study carried out based on re-analysis cancer registry report and the disease management center of health ministry from 2004 to 2008 in the province of Qom. To describe incidence time trends, we carried out join point regression analysis using the software Join point Regression Program, Version 4.1.1.1.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>There were 3,029 registered cases of cancer during 5 years studied. Sex ratio was 1.32 (male to female). Considering the frequency and mean standardized incidence, the most common cancer in women were breast, skin, colorectal, stomach, and esophagus, respectively while in men the most common cancers included skin, stomach, colorectal, bladder, and prostate, respectively. There was an increasing and significant trend, according to<strong> </strong>the annual percentage change (APC) equal to 8.08% (CI: 5.1-11.1) for all site cancer in women.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>The incidence trend of all cancers was increasing in this area. Hence, planning for identifying risk factors and performing programs for dealing with the disease are essential.</p>

Environmental Pesticide Exposure In 12 Schools In Matina County, Costa Rica: Results From The Infants' Environmental Health Program (ISA)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 4343
Author(s):  
Leonel Córdoba Gamboa ◽  
Karla Solano ◽  
Clemens Ruepert ◽  
Berna Van Wendel De Joode
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Pesticide Exposure

scholarly journals Geographical differences in cancer incidence in the Belgian province of Limburg

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (14) ◽  
pp. 2058-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Buntinx ◽  
H. Geys ◽  
D. Lousbergh ◽  
G. Broeders ◽  
E. Cloes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Geographical Differences

scholarly journals Environmental exposures contribute to respiratory and allergic symptoms among women living in the banana growing regions of Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2021-107611
Author(s):  
Brooke Alhanti ◽  
Berna van Wendel de Joode ◽  
Manuel Soto Martinez ◽  
Ana M Mora ◽  
Leonel Córdoba Gamboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Health Cohort Study

ObjectivesThis research evaluates whether environmental exposures (pesticides and smoke) influence respiratory and allergic outcomes in women living in a tropical, agricultural environment.MethodsWe used data from 266 mothers from the Infants’ Environmental Health cohort study in Costa Rica. We evaluated environmental exposures in women by measuring seven pesticide and two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons metabolites in urine samples. We defined ‘high exposure’ as having a metabolite value in the top 75th percentile. We collected survey data on respiratory and allergic outcomes in mothers as well as on pesticides and other environmental exposures. Using logistic regression models adjusted for obesity, we assessed the associations of pesticide exposure with multiple outcomes (wheeze, doctor-diagnosed asthma, high (≥2) asthma score based on symptoms, rhinitis, eczema and itchy rash).ResultsCurrent pesticide use in the home was positively associated with diagnosed asthma (OR=1.99 (95% CI=1.05 to 3.87)). High urinary levels of 5-hydroxythiabendazole (thiabendazole metabolite) and living in a neighbourhood with frequent smoke from waste burning were associated with a high asthma score (OR=1.84 (95%CI=1.05 to 3.25) and OR=2.31 (95%CI=1.11 to 5.16), respectively). Women who worked in agriculture had a significantly lower prevalence of rhinitis (0.19 (0.01 to 0.93)), but were more likely to report eczema (OR=2.54 (95%CI=1.33 to 4.89)) and an itchy rash (OR=3.17 (95%CI=1.24 to 7.73)).ConclusionsWhile limited by sample size, these findings suggest that environmental exposure to both pesticides and smoke may impact respiratory and skin-related allergic outcomes in women.

scholarly journals Thyroid cancer incidence and mortality in Latin America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábia Cheyenne Gomes de Morais Fernandes ◽  
Dyego Leandro Bezerra de Souza ◽  
Maria Paula Curado ◽  
Isabelle Ribeiro Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Incidence

This study analyzed trends in thyroid cancer incidence and mortality in countries of Latin America. Ecological study of time series, with incidence data extracted from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), in the 1990-2012 period and mortality data obtained from 16 countries of the World Health Organization (WHO), in the 1995-2013 period. The trend of incidence rate was analyzed by the Joinpoint regression. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) and the 95% confidence interval (CI 95%) were calculated for incidence and mortality. The average rate of thyroid cancer incidence was higher in Quito (Ecuador) between the ages of 40 to 59 years old, 42.2 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants, as well as mortality 4.8 deaths per 100,000 women inhabitants above 60 years old. There was an increase in thyroid cancer incidence trends in women, for all age groups, in Cali, Costa Rica and Quito and men in Costa Rica; there was stability above the age of 60 years old in Cali, Goiania, Quito and Valdivia in men, as well as women in Goiania and Valdivia. There was a trend of increasing mortality for females in three countries: Ecuador (AAPC= 3,28 CI 95% 1,36;5,24), Guatemala (AAPC= 6,14 CI 95% 2,81;9,58) and Mexico (AAPC= 0,67 CI 95% 0,16;1,18). Thyroid cancer in Latin America showed a high incidence, with increased incidence in women. Stability in mortality was observed for most countries of Latin America.

scholarly journals Applying Mendelian randomization to appraise causality in relationships between nutrition and cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin Wade ◽  
James Yarmolinsky ◽  
Edward Giovannucci ◽  
Sarah J. Lewis ◽  
Iona Y Millwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Mr Studies ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
The Impact

Dietary factors are assumed to play an important role in cancer risk, apparent in consensus recommendations for cancer prevention that promote nutritional changes. However, the evidence in this field has been generated predominantly through observational studies, which may result in biased effect estimates because of confounding, exposure misclassification, and reverse causality. With major geographical differences and rapid changes in cancer incidence over time, it is crucial to establish which of the observational associations reflect causality and to identify novel risk factors as these may be modified to prevent the onset of cancer and reduce its progression. Mendelian randomization (MR) uses the special properties of germline genetic variation to strengthen causal inference regarding potentially modifiable exposures and disease risk. MR can be implemented through instrumental variable (IV) analysis and, when robustly performed, is generally less prone to confounding, reverse causation and measurement error than conventional observational methods and has different sources of bias (discussed in detail below). It is increasingly used to facilitate causal inference in epidemiology and provides an opportunity to explore the effects of nutritional exposures on cancer incidence and progression in a cost-effective and timely manner.Here, we introduce the concept of MR and discuss its current application in understanding the impact of nutritional factors (e.g., any measure of diet and nutritional intake, circulating biomarkers, patterns, preference or behaviour) on cancer aetiology and, thus, opportunities for MR to contribute to the development of nutritional recommendations and policies for cancer prevention. We provide applied examples of MR studies examining the role of nutritional factors in cancer to illustrate how this method can be used to help prioritise or deprioritise the evaluation of specific nutritional factors as intervention targets in randomised controlled trials. We describe possible biases when using MR, and methodological developments aimed at investigating and potentially overcoming these biases when present. Lastly, we consider the use of MR in identifying causally relevant nutritional risk factors for various cancers in different regions across the world, given notable geographical differences in some cancers. We also discuss how MR results could be translated into further research and policy. We conclude that findings from MR studies, which corroborate those from other well-conducted studies with different and orthogonal biases, are poised to substantially improve our understanding of nutritional influences on cancer. For such corroboration, there is a requirement for an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach to investigate risk factors for cancer incidence and progression.

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