scholarly journals Mean daily growth of herring larvae in relation to temperature over a range of 5–20°C, based on weekly repeated cruises in the Greifswalder Bodden

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1696-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Oeberst ◽  
Mark Dickey-Collas ◽  
Richard D. M. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Oeberst, R., Dickey-Collas, M., and Nash, R. D. M. 2009. Mean daily growth of herring larvae in relation to temperature over a range of 5–20°C, based on weekly repeated cruises in the Greifswalder Bodden. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1696–1701. Reported estimates of mean daily growth of herring larvae generally cover the temperature range 1–12°C and few estimates are available for temperatures >15°C. We use larval surveys on Rügen spring-spawning herring in the Strelasund and the Greifswalder Bodden to estimate larval growth over a wider temperature range because the water temperature in that area normally increases from 5 to 20°C during the larval growth period (i.e. from spring to summer). This large temperature increase has a significant influence on the mean daily growth of herring larvae. Growth estimates were based on the modes of length frequencies observed at individual stations or accumulated over strata from consecutive surveys. Mean daily growth (G; mm d−1) of larvae was primarily determined by the ambient temperature (T) during the growth interval (5–7 d), resulting in the following relationship: G = 0.011 + 0.037 T. A non-linear function is also described. Growth rate was not length-dependent over the size range studied (5–20 mm). The study also showed that herring larvae were growing and surviving in temperatures up to 17.5°C.

A comparative study on the nursery culture of hatchery-reared sub-adult cupped oyster, Crassostrea iredalei (Faustino, 1932), in an earthen pond and a mangrove canal

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Premwadee Chueachat ◽  
Woraporn Tarangkoon ◽  
Suwat Tanyaros
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Oyster ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Mean

Abstract A comparative study on the nursery culture of the spat of the tropical oyster, Crassostrea iredalei, in an earthen pond and a mangrove canal was conducted over two months. The results revealed no differences in the absolute growth rate determined by shell width between the two culture sites (P < 0.05). Sub-adult oysters cultured in the mangrove canal showed a higher absolute growth rate in shell length and a higher daily growth rate than the oysters cultured in the earthen pond (P < 0.05). The mean survival rate of sub-adult oysters cultured in the earthen pond (99.8 ± 0.2%) was significantly higher than for those cultured in the mangrove canal (66.7 ± 31.4%). Decreased density from the loss of sub-adult oyster nursery culture in the mangrove canal led to higher growth performance than in the earthen pond. However, no difference was found for the fraction of oysters larger or smaller than 5 cm for the two culture sites (P < 0.05). A significant difference was noted in the Condition Index (CI) between the two culture sites (P < 0.05). The high primary productivity in mangroves is a major supporter of higher CI in sub-adult oysters cultured in mangrove canals versus in earthen ponds. Water exchange in the earthen pond to maintain calcium and magnesium concentrations resulted in no differences in the shell compressibility of sub-adult oysters compared with those cultured in the mangrove canal.

scholarly journals The AMPK-PP2A axis in insect fat body is activated by 20-hydroxyecdysone to antagonize insulin/IGF signaling and restrict growth rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (17) ◽  
pp. 9292-9301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongwei Yuan ◽  
Shun Zhou ◽  
Suning Liu ◽  
Kang Li ◽  
Haigang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Phosphatase 2A

In insects, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) limits the growth period by triggering developmental transitions; 20E also modulates the growth rate by antagonizing insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS). Previous work has shown that 20E cross-talks with IIS, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we found that, in both the silkworm Bombyx mori and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, 20E antagonized IIS through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) axis in the fat body and suppressed the growth rate. During Bombyx larval molt or Drosophila pupariation, high levels of 20E activate AMPK, a molecular sensor that maintains energy homeostasis in the insect fat body. In turn, AMPK activates PP2A, which further dephosphorylates insulin receptor and protein kinase B (AKT), thus inhibiting IIS. Activation of the AMPK-PP2A axis and inhibition of IIS in the Drosophila fat body reduced food consumption, resulting in the restriction of growth rate and body weight. Overall, our study revealed an important mechanism by which 20E antagonizes IIS in the insect fat body to restrict the larval growth rate, thereby expanding our understanding of the comprehensive regulatory mechanisms of final body size in animals.

Variation in rectal temperature of cattle in a tropical environment and its relation to growth rate

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTRectal temperatures of cattle grazed near the tropic of Capricorn in central Queensland were studied. The cattle were of Bos indicus, B. taurus and crossbred lines, and were represented by over 200 growing heifers in each of 2 years and some supplementary groups.Rectal temperatures were loge normally distributed when they were expressed as deviations from a basal temperature of 38°C. They were significantly repeatable, but were more highly repeatable when herd mean temperature was above 39·5°C. The heritability estimate was 0·33 (P < 0·01).The mean phenotypic regression of growth rate on rectal temperature, within breed groups, was 0·04 (s.e. 0·006) kg/day per °C (r = 0·3, P < 0·01) over the entire growth period from birth to 18 months of age but greater during warmer seasons. The estimated genetic correlation was insignificant in one group of heifers but −0·86 (s.e. 0·17) in the other.The evidence of favourable and possible unfavourable responses to selection of cattle for low rectal temperature in warm environments is discussed.

scholarly journals THE GROWTH AND DURATION OF LIFE OF CELOSIA CRISTATA SEEDLINGS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

1934 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas I. Edwards ◽  
Raymond Pearl ◽  
Sophia A. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Life Duration ◽  
Celosia Cristata ◽  
The Mean

Daily measurements of hypocotyl length were made on Celosia cristata seedlings cultured in darkness under aseptic conditions at six constant temperatures between 14.5° and 40.5°C. At 40.5° roots did not penetrate the agar and only the hypocotyls that were supported by the wall of the test tube could be measured. The growth curves were of the generalized logistic type, but of different degrees of skewness. The degree of symmetry of the growth curves was influenced by temperature. At the lower temperatures the maximal growth rate came relatively late in the grand period of growth; at successively higher temperatures it came progressively earlier. The mean total time rate of growth (millimeter per diem) was found to be a parabolic function of the temperature. The maximum rate of growth was found from the curve to be at 30.48°C. The maximum observed rate of growth, and the maximum yield, were found to be at 30°C. At all temperatures above 14.5° the maximum growth activity fell in the second quarter of the whole growth period. At all temperatures tested other than 30°, and at all parts of the growth cycle, the growth yield as measured by height of hypocotyl at any given equivalent point was less than at 30°. The total duration of life of the seedlings, and the duration of life after the end of the growth period (intermediate period) were inversely proportional to the mean total growth rate. The observations on Celosia cristata seedlings are thus in accord with the "rate of living" theory of life duration. The optimal temperature for life duration is the minimum temperature, within the range of these observations.

A study of the growth rate of F2 and F3 Africander cross, Brahman cross and British cross cattle from birth to 18 months in a tropical environment

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Kennedy ◽  
GIK Chirchir
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Mean

The mean birthweights and weaning weights of approximately 1200 male and female calves of the F2 and F3 generations of Africander cross (AX), Brahman cross (BX) and Shorthorn X Hereford cross (SH) cattle, together with the weights at four months, and nine months post weaning for approximately 500 of the females, for the years 1964-1968, are presented. BX calves (29.7 kg) were lighter at birth than AX (31.0 kg) or SH (31.8 kg), but at weaning (eight-nine months) they were 13.7 kg heavier than the AX, and 28.9 kg heavier than the SH. In the first four months postweaning, at the end of the dry-season, female AX gained 21.5 kg, BX gained 18.5 kg, and the SH 11.7 kg, and in the next five months, which included the wet-season, AX gained 78.6 kg, BX 83.1 kg, and SH 63.2 kg. At approximately eighteen months old the AX weighed 282.8 kg, BX 294.8 kg, and SH 244.2 kg. There were substantial differences between years but the rank order of the breeds at each growth period did not change.

Postembryonic growth and development of Caridina nilotica aruensis Roux (Decapoda: Atyidae) reared in the laboratory

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Glaister
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Freshwater Shrimps ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations

The larval growth and development of C. n. aruensis reared in the laboratory is described and illustrated. Four zoeal and one post-zoeal stages were found to occur with an approximate time between hatching and metamorphosis of 14 days. The mean egg size was 0.64 by 0.40 mm with standard deviations of 0.042 and 0.028 respectively, whilst the mean number of eggs per egg mass was 74 (s.d. 15.2). The large egg size of C. n. aruensis is correlated with an abbreviated larval life and is a feature of many freshwater shrimps. Zoeal locomotion was thoracic whilst that of the post-zoea was abdominal. The growth rate of C. n. aruensis is described.

The relative significance of growth rate and interdivision time in the size control of cultured mammalian epithelial cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
M. Hola ◽  
P.A. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Initial Volume ◽  
The Mean

Genealogies of a line of mammalian epithelial cells (GPK) have been constructed from time-lapse film of monolayer cultures and measurements made of initial (post-divisional) cell size, final (pre-divisional) cell size and interdivision time (IDT). The mean initial cell volume was 2696 +/− 404 (S.D.) micron3, the mean final volume was 5247 +/− 696 micron3 and the mean IDT was 985 +/− 84 min. Cell size regulation must be by modulation of either the growth rate or the length of the growth period. Increase in size was strongly correlated with the average rate of growth (increase in volume per unit time) (R = 0.94, P much less than 0.001), whilst no correlation was found between increase in size and IDT. Although a negative correlation was found between initial volume and IDT (P less than 0.02), this appeared to be due to differences in IDT between sister cells being correlated with differences in their initial volumes (P less than 0.02), as indicated by the lack of correlation between mean sister IDT and mean sister initial volume. The regulatory effect of growth rate was demonstrated by a negative correlation between growth rate and the initial volume of the cell (P less than 0.005), which is independent of differences between siblings. The mean growth rate of sibling cells was found to be negatively correlated with both the maternal growth rate (P less than 0.01) and the maternal volume increase (P less than 0.005). This implies that the growth rate of division products (which manifest similar growth rates) is influenced by the growth of the progenitor cell.

Memoirs: The Effect of Gamma-Ray Irradiation upon the Growth of a Protozoon, Bodo caudatus

1932 ◽  
Vol s2-75 (299) ◽  
pp. 511-541
Author(s):  
MURIEL ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Normal Strain ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Rapid Phase ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽  
The Mean

1. The protozoon Bodo caudatus grown in counted cultures, which are transferred daily and supplied with a bacterial suspension (grown separately) of known opacity as food, shows a diminution in growth when grown in the presence of radium (400 mg. divided over 38.5 sq. cm. screened with platinum 0.1 mm. and 1.0 mm. of silver). 2. The ratio of the average daily number of generations in a 6-day period in the normal and the continuously irradiated strain is as 100 is to 83.79. The ratio of the average total numbers of bodos on the plates at the end of the daily growth-period of 21½ hours is as 100 is to 65.65. 3. There is no evidence of acclimatization to the effect of irradiation during the periods studied, namely 32 days. A test made with the irradiated strain after 14 days' growth away from radium showed a sensitiveness equal to the normal strain which had never been irradiated. 4. After irradiation for a prolonged period (32 days) with an effective dose of radium, the growth capacity of the irradiated strain is slightly impaired. This difference in growth capacity was observed for 18 days, but it had disappeared 3 months after removal from the radium. 5. The discrepancy in growth of twin plates from the same inoculum, one of which is irradiated, amounts to a ratio for the total figures as 100 is to 57.82 for the average of four pairs at the end of 21½ hours' growth. Expressed in generations the ratio is as 100 is to 81.0. 6. The development of this discrepancy during the daily growth-period is traced, and it is shown that while the irradiation appears to be particularly effective during the first 8 hours of growth, the radium is nevertheless effective at all periods during the 211 hours of growth. 7. The effect of the irradiation is to delay the entry of the irradiated plate into the continuous rapid phase of multiplication by about 2½ to 3 hours in comparison with the twin control. 8. The normal bodos are found to be larger in size in the early hours of a culture than in the later period. This change is traced by giving the mean length and the coefficient of variation in one normal plate at 6 different periods during 23 hours' growth. 9. The bodos at the end of 21½ hours' growth are found to be larger in size in the irradiated plates than in the normal controls. 10. These data are discussed, and the mean lengths and the coefficient of variation for the normal, the irradiated, and each first plate after removal from the radium in a 6-day experiment are given. 11. It is shown that the mean length of the irradiated bodos at the end of 21½ hours corresponds with that of the normal bodos at a much earlier stage (5 hours and 7½ hours). The relation of these data with that derived from the counts of the numbers of bodos in the normal and the irradiated plates is discussed.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Birth Weight And Growth Rate In Friesian X Bunaji Calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
O. W. Ehoche ◽  
A. E. O. Malau-aduli ◽  
B. Y. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Mean

Calving records from 1984 - 1989 were studied to determine the influence of rearing method, sex of calf, season of birth, dam breed and year of birth on body weight at birth, 3,6 and 12 months of age in Friesian x Bunaji calves. The mean weights of calves at birth, 3, 6 and 12 months of age were 22.0, 68.2, 96.7 and 137.4 kg, respectively. Sex of calf had a significant effect, with male calves being heavier than the females by 1.2, 5.9 and 9.7 kg at birth, 3 and 6 months of age respectively. The effect of season of birth on calf body weights was not significant except at 6 months of age, when calves born during the wet season were heavier (P<0.01) than those born in the harmattan period by 9.5 kg. Year of birth had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on calf weights from birth to yearling. Method of rearing and dam breed had no significant influence on all the weights. The results suggest the need to develop correction factors for standardisation of weight records when comparing dams on the basis of body weights of their calves.

scholarly journals Poor prey quality is compensated by higher provisioning effort in passerine birds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Senécal ◽  
Julie-Camille Riva ◽  
Ryan S. O’Connor ◽  
Fanny Hallot ◽  
Christian Nozais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Poecile Atricapillus ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Nestling Growth ◽  
Prey Quality ◽  
Provisioning Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Compensatory Effect

AbstractIn altricial avian species, nutrition can significantly impact nestling fitness by increasing their survival and recruitment chances after fledging. Therefore, the effort invested by parents towards provisioning nestlings is crucial and represents a critical link between habitat resources and reproductive success. Recent studies suggest that the provisioning rate has little or no effect on the nestling growth rate. However, these studies do not consider prey quality, which may force breeding pairs to adjust provisioning rates to account for variation in prey nutritional value. In this 8-year study using black-capped (Poecile atricapillus) and boreal (Poecile hudsonicus) chickadees, we hypothesized that provisioning rates would negatively correlate with prey quality (i.e., energy content) across years if parents adjust their effort to maintain nestling growth rates. The mean daily growth rate was consistent across years in both species. However, prey energy content differed among years, and our results showed that parents brought more food to the nest and fed at a higher rate in years of low prey quality. This compensatory effect likely explains the lack of relationship between provisioning rate and growth rate reported in this and other studies. Therefore, our data support the hypothesis that parents increase provisioning efforts to compensate for poor prey quality and maintain offspring growth rates.

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